1、UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 突破语法大冲关突破语法大冲关 直接引语和间接引语 【观察例句】 1“I dont know the address of my new home， ” said Anne. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home. 2Mother said to Tom， “I will come back home this evening.” Mother told Tom that she would go back home that evening. 3“I h
2、ave never been to Beijing with my parents， ” said Jack to his friend. Jack told his friend that he had never been to Beijing with his parents. 4“Does a friend always have to be with each other？” Mary asked Lily. Mary asked Lily if/whether a friend always has to be with each other. 【归纳用法】 直接引语如果改为间接引
3、语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、 个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。 1连接词的选择 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由 that 引导的 宾语从句。在口语中 that 可以省略。 The little boy said， “I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲 门。”(直接引语为陈述句) The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the
4、door.小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲 门。(间接引语为 that 引导的宾语从句) (2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接 引语中用 whether(.or.或.or not)或 if 引导。 Mother said to her daughter， “Are you satisfied with your new room？”妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引 语为一般疑问句) Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.妈妈问她女儿是否对她的
5、新房间满意。(间接引语改为 whether/if 引导的宾语从句) (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问 词来引导， 其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进 行。 “When will the sports meet be held？”he said.他说：“什么时候 举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句) He asked when the sports meet would be held.他问什么时候举 行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句) 【注意】 (1)直接引语是陈述句时， 若变为间接引语， 主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改
6、为 told sb.。 (2)直接引语是疑问句时， 如果主句中谓语动词是 said， 则将其改 为 asked。 (3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语 序。 即学即练 1 将直接引语变换为间接引语 The patient asked， “Is Dr.Li at the hospital？” The patient asked Dr.Li was at the hospital. “Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green. Miss Green asked had lost the key to the room. wh
7、o whether/if 2人称的变化 (记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 直接引语变为间接引语时， 人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作 相应的改变。 (1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主 语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的 人称变化。 Mary said， “I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说， “我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。” Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说 她想拥有一台自己的电脑。 (2)“二随宾”
8、。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及 宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰， 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句 的宾语一致。 Her colleague said to her， “Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同 事对她说， “你向谁请了假？” Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事 问她向谁请了假。 (3)“第三人称不更新” 。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中 的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰， 从句中的人称一般不需 要变化。 The workers said， “The le
9、aders often make the workers work extra hours.” 工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。” The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours. 工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。 即学即练 2 将直接引语变换为间接引语 John said， “Tomorrow Im going to attend this party.” John said (that) the next day attend this party. She said， “I worked
10、in Shanghai three years ago.” She said (that) three years before. she had worked in Shanghai he was going to 3时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 句 子 时 态 一般将来时 过去将来时 His friend said to him， “We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋 友对他说：“我们计划去野餐
11、。”(直接引语为现在进行时) His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的 朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) The organizer said， “We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完 成时) The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时) 【注意】 直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况： (1)直
12、接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时； (2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为 间接引语时，时态不变； (3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。 即学即练 3 将直接引语变换为间接引语 My mother said， “The door isnt locked.” My mother said that the door The patient said， “The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease.” The patient said (that) the doctors the mysterious disease. ha
13、d discussed wasnt locked Tom said， “I am reading in my room.” Tom said that he in his room. was reading 4指示词、状语及动词的变化 this that 指示 代词 these those now then today that day tonight that night yesterday the day before tomorrow the next(following)day last month(week) the month(week)before next month(week
14、) the next month(week) 时间 状语 the day before yesterday two days before 地点 状语 here there come go 动词 bring take 5.当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常采用 ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。 “Follow his instructions， ”she said to me. She told me to follow his instructions. 她告诉我要听他的指令。 6若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符 号 to
15、前要加 not 或 never。 She said， “Dont make so much noise，children！” She told the children not to make so much noise. 她告诉孩子们不要制造这么多噪音。 7当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、 劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggestdoing/that 从句(如 suggest 后接 that 从句时，从句使用虚拟语气 should动词原形，should 也可 省略)，offer to do 和 ask/advise/want sb.to do”等结构。 Jack sa
16、id， “Lets go to the cinema tonight.” Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night. Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night. 那天晚上杰克建议我们去看电影。 8如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以 用该感叹句的感叹词(即 what 或 how)引导，也可以用 that 引导。 She said， “What a lovely day it is！” She said what a lovely day it wa
17、s. 她说天气不错。 9 若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的 would， could 等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用 asked。 “Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me. He asked me if I could lend him two yuan. 他问我是否能借给他两元钱。 即学即练 4 将直接引语变换为间接引语 She cried， “What a crazy idea you have！” She cried a crazy idea I had. I asked my roommate， “Would you
18、mind turning the music down？” I asked my roommate the music down. to turn what .单句语法填空 1She said that their train (arrive) in five minutes. 2My mother asked me I had finished the homework. 3Tom told me that he would help me with my English next day. 4The teacher told the boys and girls that the sun
19、(rise) in the east. would arrive whether/if the rises 5The old man asked my brother what he (do) there the day before. 6The little girl told him that she (watch) the wonderful football match the month before. 7She said that she (write) a letter when he knocked at the door. 8She told me that she (bre
20、ak) my CD player because of carelessness. had broken had done had watched was writing 9This morning he said that he leave for Beijing tomorrow. 10He asked us how many car factories (build) in our country by the end of last year. had been built would .短文语法填空 Li Hua told me 1. he 2. (have) a talk with
21、 his father two days before. His father asked him 3. he wanted to be and 4. hed like to be a lawyer. Li Hua told his father that there 5. be an exam 6. next week and he didnt know how many times he 7. (fail) and 8. he could catch up with others. His father told him that failure 9. (be) the mother of success. At last， Li Hua hoped that his father 10. (will) not give him too much pressure from then on. that had had what if/whether would the had failed that is would
