1、Unit 3 Topic Talk&Lesson1 单元语法：被动语态单元语法：被动语态 动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架， 几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： Millie often sings this English song. 谓语：sing 的动作是由主语 Millie 发出的，即 Millie 是 sing this English song 这个动作的执 行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： This English song
2、is sung by Millie. 主语 this English song 是动词 sing 发出的，即 sing 这个动作的承受者。 一、被动语态构成：一、被动语态构成： 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are+V-ed am/is/are+being+ V-ed have/has+been +V-ed 过去时 was/were+V-ed was/were+being+ V-ed had +been + V-ed 将来时科网 shall/will+be+V-ed 无 shall/will+have been+ V-ed 注意： 含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（
3、can, may must, have to 等）+be + 动词的-ed 形式构成。 含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动 语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed 形式”。 【2016 江苏】More efforts, as reported, _in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. A. are made B. will be mad
4、e C. are being made D. have been made 【答案】B 试题分析：考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速 供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead 在未来的几年里”和将来时连用， 且 efforts 与动词 make 构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语 态形式，故 B 正确。 不能用被动语态的情况不能用被动语态的情况 1、不及物动词，连系动词及短语不能用于被动语态，常见的动、不及物动词，连系动词及短语不能用于被动语态，常见的动 happen, appear, stay, bre
5、ak out, take place, belong to , come true ,come out 等。如：等。如： The famous writers new book will come out soon. 那位著名作家的新书马上就要出版了。 2、主语是感觉的对象，动词表示给人以什么样的感觉，如、主语是感觉的对象，动词表示给人以什么样的感觉，如 smell(闻起来闻起来)，taste(尝起来尝起来)， feel(摸起来摸起来)，look(看起来看起来)，sound(听起来听起来)通常用作连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，不用通常用作连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，不用 于被动语态。如：于被
6、动语态。如： The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸上去软绵绵的。 3、不定式在形容词后做状语时构成、不定式在形容词后做状语时构成 be+ adj +to do 结构时，不定式不用于被动语态。常见结构时，不定式不用于被动语态。常见 的形容词有的形容词有 easy ,hard ,difficult 等。如：等。如： The question is easy to answer. 这个问题容易回答。 4、不定式做后置定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语能在句中找到，不定式用主动形式表示被不定式做后置定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语能在句中找到，不定式用主动形式表示被 动意义。反之，不能找到不定式的逻
7、辑主语，不定式用被动语态。如：动意义。反之，不能找到不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用被动语态。如： I have a lot of homework to do this evening. 今晚我又许多家庭作业要做。 5、在在 require, need 等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。如：等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。如： My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。 我的旧自行车需要修一下。 主动表示被动的情况：主动表示被动的情况： 1.表示状态特征的词。如：表示
8、状态特征的词。如：look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,其后接形容词或名词构成系表结其后接形容词或名词构成系表结 构，表示被动。构，表示被动。 The food tastes delicious.这食物味道鲜美。 The cotton feels soft.棉花摸上去很软。 2.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：open,shut,lock,sell,write,wash，习惯上以主动表示，习惯上以主动表示 被动的含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。被动的含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 This kind
9、 of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。 3.need,want,require 作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动表被动。作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动表被动。 The plan required discussing. 这项计划需要讨论。 练习： 1. Mike broke the window yesterday. (改为被动语态) The window by Mike yesterday. 2. More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the
10、world now.(改成被动语态) Chinese by more and more foreigners in the world now. 3. Didnt they tell you about it?（改为被动语态） _ you _ about it? 4. How do you find this kind of ice? -Pretty good. It (cooksis cooked) more quickly than that kind. 5. He speaks Chinese very well. -Its not surprising. He (will livewi
11、ll have been living) in Beijing for nine years by next week. 6. During the COVID-19 outbreak,employees in many technology companies (have been sentwill been sent) to his parents in three days. 核心词汇核心词汇 1 occasion n.重要的社交活动；时刻；时候重要的社交活动；时刻；时候 on occasion=occasionally 有时，偶尔 on thisthat occasion 这次，那次
12、on the occasion of 在之际 eg1. I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions.我有一套西服，不过我只在特殊场合 穿。 eg2.On this occasion,he got a chance to go backstage to meet the actors. 这次，他得到一个去后台与演员们见面的机会。 单句语法填空：单句语法填空： He spent five years in Paris, with (occasion)visits to Italy. 他在退休时获赠这块手表 He was present
13、ed with the watch his retirement. 答案：1.occasional 2.on the occasion of 2 congratulation n.恭喜，祝贺（多用复数形式）恭喜，祝贺（多用复数形式） offersend ones congratulations to sb.向某人致以祝贺 congratulations(to sb) on sth 为某事（向某人）祝贺=celebrate sth(生日、纪念日、胜利等) eg.1 We offered him our congratulations on his passing the entrance exa
14、m.我们祝贺他通过了入 学考试。 eg.2 I congratulate you on your success.我祝贺你成功了。 单句语法填空： Congratulations to you getting the first place in the writing competition. The two sportsmen congratulated each other the match. John and I will our fortieth wedding anniversary next month. 答案：1.on 2.on 3.celebrate 3 decorate
15、vi&vt 装饰，布置装饰，布置 decoration n.装饰，装修，装饰物 Christmas decoration 圣诞装饰品 decoratewith 用装饰 eg.1 The girl decorated her room with pictures of her favourite stars. 那个女孩用自己最喜欢的明星的照片装饰了房间。 eg2. This place is badly in need of decoration. 这个地方急需装修一下。 单句语法填空： During the National Day holiday, all the streets are d
16、ecorated colorful flags,flowers and balloons. Before moving into the new flat,he had it (decorate) completely. She picked a large bunch of flowers for table (decorate). 答案：1.with 2.decorated 3.decoration 4 put up 张贴；建造；举起；提高；投宿张贴；建造；举起；提高；投宿 eg.They put up an announcement outside the teacher to remi
17、nd the audience of the time of the play. 他们在剧场外面张贴了一则告示，提醒观众演出的时间。 eg.The boy put up his hand to catch the teachers attention. 那个男孩举起手以引起老师的注意。 拓展： put up with 忍受，容忍 put aside 不考虑；储存 put forward 提出；将提前 put down 放下；记下；镇压 put on 穿上；上演 put off 推迟；延期 put back 将放回 put out 扑灭；熄灭 put away 将收起 写出下列句中写出下列句中
18、put up 的含义：的含义： They are putting up several new office blocks in the center of the town. The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon. He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting at a hotel for the night. If you have any questions,you can put up your hands and turn to y
19、our teacher. 答案：1.建造 2.张贴 3.投宿 4.举起 5 account n.&v (1) 描述，报道；账户 give an account of 描述 openclose an account 开立结清账户 on account of 因为，由于 on no account of 决不，绝对不 take account oftakeinto account 考虑到，顾及 eg.He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened on the spot.他震惊得无法描述 现场所发生的事情。 eg.She was
20、 advised to wear flat shoes, on account of her back problem. 因为背部有问题，她被建议穿平底鞋。 (2) vi. 解释，说明；（在数量、比例方面）占 account for 是的原因；解释；（数量上、比例上）占 eg.1 He could not account for his absence from school.他无法解释缺课的原因。 eg.2 The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the companys revenue. 日本市场占该公司收入的 35%。 单句语法填空： The ba
21、d weather may have accounted the delay. Everything taken account, they decided to carry out the plan. It is parents absence from family that (是的原因) the children s unhappiness. 答案：1.for 2. into 3.accounts for 6 character n. (1) 字，字体，符号 Chinese characters 中国汉字 (2) 人物，角色 the maincentralleading characte
22、r 主角中心人物主要任务 a televisionmoviecartoon character 电视剧电影卡通片人物 (3) （某人的）个性，性格；（某物的）特点，特征 in character 符合的个性 out of character 不符合的个性 eg. He decided the character of the character he played with two characters. eg.His behavior last night was completely out of character.她昨晚的举止与他的性格截然不符 他用两个字描述了他扮演的角色的性格。 写
23、出下列句中 character 的含义： The address was written in Chinese characters The outdoor programmes are meant to be character building. Candida is the most interesting character in the play. The whole character of the school has changed. 答案：1.字，字体，符号 2.性格 3.人物，角色 4.特征 7 attach vt.贴；固定；附上贴；固定；附上 attached adj.附
24、属的；依恋的（be attached to 附属于；喜爱） attachment n.附属物；依恋 *attachto 把固定在附在上（to 为介词） *attach(greatlittle) importancesignificancevalueweight to 认为（很有几乎没有）重要性意义价值分量 eg. To be honest, both my parents attach great importance to education. 说实话，我的父母都认为教育很重要。 eg. The research unit is attached to the university.这个研究
25、单位附属于大学。 单句语法填空： When you sign the agreement, they may attach conditions it. More and more people are beginning to attach importance to (live) a low-carbon life. With a label (attach) to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognize their own luggage 答案：1.to 2.living 3.attached 8 sca
26、re vt.&n. scary adj.令人害怕的 scared adj.害怕的 of (doing) sth 害怕某物做某事 to do sth 不敢做某事 be scared that 害怕 to death 被吓得要死 (1)vt.吓唬；使（某人）惊恐 scareawayoff 把吓跑 scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 (2)n.恐慌，恐惧，惊恐 eg. Dont you realise what a scare youve given us all?你难道不知道你把我们大家都吓得不轻 吗？ 单句语法填空： I was a little awkward to admit that I was (scare). You cant scare me telling you The thunderstorm scared all the birds I wanted to ask her out,but was (scared)that she might refuse. 答案：1.scared 2.into 3. awayoff 4.scared
