（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第一册英语Unit2单词短语及语法知识讲解.zip

Unit 2 1 n 鸟窝；巢穴，窝 2 n 屋顶，顶部 3 n&v 争论；战斗，搏斗；斗争 4 （在某事上）与某人看法一致 5 n 争吵，争论；论点 6 n 青少年 7 n 紧张关系；紧张；拉伸 8 adj 忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的 9 n 速度；率 v 评价，评估 10 （使朝某方向）冲，奔；射击；射杀；摄影 11 快速长高，蹿个儿 12 n 粉刷；斑点；污渍；地点，场所 13 n （攻击的）目标，对象；靶子 v 把.作为攻击目标；面向 14 n 怒火，怒气 15 adj 思想的，精神的，智力的 16 n 成年人 17 n&v 渴望，希望 18 v&n 奋斗；斗争；搏斗 19 adj 艰难的；粗糙的；不确切的 20 n （关系）破裂；故障 21 adj 频繁的；有规律的 22 v 使平静，使镇静 adj 镇静的，沉着的 23 平静，镇静，安静 24 n 看法；视线；景色 v 把.视为；观看 25 从某人的角度、观点出发 26 充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透 27 n 担心，忧虑；关心 v 涉及；让（某人）担忧 28 承认错误，认输 29 adj 正常的，一般的 n 常态，通常标准 30 n 精神压力，紧张；强调 v 强调，着重 31 n 主编，编辑；剪辑师 32 vi 争吵，争辩，争论 vt 说理，论证 33 n 皮肤；（兽）皮，皮毛 34 v 设计；制订 n 设计；设计艺术 35 n 论坛，讨论会；公共集会场所 36 n 专家，行家 adj 熟练的，内行的，专家的 37 adj 可能的，预料的，有希望的 38 adj 独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的 39 adj 消极的，被动的 40 n 表现；表演；执行，履行 41 变得高兴，振奋起来 42 v 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n 报章杂志，报刊；新闻工作者，新闻界 43 adj 热切的，渴望的，渴求的 44 n 青年时期；青春；年轻人 45 n 冒险，冒险经历，奇遇 46 缠磨，烦扰 47 n 袋鼠 48 adj 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的 49 n 账户；描述；解释 vt 认为是，视为 50 n 租金 v 租用；出租 51 n 食品杂货；食品杂货店 52 adj 安心的；可靠的；牢固的 53 v 毕业 n 毕业生 54 vi 聚集，集合 vt 收拢；搜集，收集；聚集 55 n 突发事件，紧急情况 56 v 主动建议（或告诉） ；资源做，义乌做 n 志愿者 57 n 烟斗；管子；管乐器 58 n 数字；人物；体形，身材 59 adv 在市中心，往市中心 60 提取，支取 61 n 手术；运转，操作 62 n 大腿部 63 n 出纳员；叙述者 64 n （戏剧等）场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光 65 n 公寓 adj 平坦的；瘪了的 66 n 回复；反应，响应Unit 2 1. nest n.鸟窝；巢穴，窝C Birds Nest Stadium 鸟巢体育馆 2. roof n.屋顶，顶部Cpl. roofs 3. battle n./vt担心C；渴望U with anxiety 焦虑地 = anxiously anxiously adv 焦虑地；不安地 9. rate n 速度C；率C v 评价，评估 at the/a rate of. 以.的速度 at any rate 无论如何 10. shoot vi关心. as far as. be concerned 就.而言；依.之见 As far as I am concerned 就我个人而言 = in my view/opinion = form my point of view = personally (speaking) concerning prep. 关于；有关 近义词：worry，involve 28. back down 承认错误，认输 29. normal adj.正常的，一般的 n 常态，通常标准 abnormal adj 反常的；变态的 30. stress n.精神压力，紧张C,U；强调U；重音C,U；重点 under stress 在压力之下 under the stress of 在.压力下 lay/place/put stress on sth 强调某事物 v 强调，着重；使紧张；加压力于 stress sth 强调某事物 stress the importance of. 强调.的重要性 stressed adj 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的(修饰人) stressful adj 压力重的；紧张的(修饰物) 31. editor n.主编，编辑；剪辑师C edit v 编辑；校订 edition n 版本C 32. argue vi 争吵，争辩，争论 vt 说理，论证 argue for. 为.而争辩 argue against 争辩（反对）. argue with sb on/about/over sth 与某人争辩某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 32. skin n.皮肤；（兽）皮，皮毛C,U skinny adj 瘦骨嶙峋的；紧身的 34. design vt.设计；制订；构思 design sb/sth to do sth 打算让.从事. design sb/sth for. 打算让.用作某种目的 be designed for/to do sth 计划做某事；打算用来做某事 n 设计；设计艺术;图样；构思 by design = on purpose 故意地；蓄意地 反义词：by chance = by accident 偶然 35. forum n.论坛，讨论会；公共集会场所C 36. expert n.专家，行家C be/become an expert in/on/at (doing) sth 成为（做）某事的专家 adj 熟练的，内行的，专家的；经验丰富的 be/become expert in/on/at (doing) sth 擅长/变得擅长（做）某事 37. likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的 be likely to do sth 有可能做某事 38. unique adj.独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的 be unique to 对.来书是独特的 uniqueness n 独特性 39.passive adj.消极的；被动的 反义词：positive；active 40. performance n.表现；表演C；执行，履行U put on/give a performance 表演；演出 a live performance 一次现场演出 perform vt毕业典礼U,C undergraduate n 本科生C postgraduate n 研究生C 54. gather vi 聚集，集合 vt 收拢；搜集，收集；聚集 55. emergency n.突发事件，紧急情况C 56. volunteer vi&vt 主动建议（或告诉） ；资源做，义务做 n 志愿者C volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事 volunteer for. 自愿.；自愿为.服务 voluntary adj 自愿的；志愿的 do voluntary work 做志愿工作 voluntarily adv 自愿地；主动地 volunteering n 志愿活动 57. pipe n.烟斗；管子；管乐器C 58. figure n.数字；人物；体形，身材C keep ones figure 保持体形 have a good figure 身材好 a political figure 一位政治人物 v 估计；计算；认为 figure out 理解；想出；计算出 figure on 指望；打算；确信 59. downtown adv.在市中心，往市中心 60. draw sth out of sth 提取，支取 61. operation n.手术；运转，操作C operate v 手术 operate on sb 给某人动手术 62. lap n.大腿部C 63. teller n.出纳员；叙述者C 64. scene n.（戏剧等）场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光C 65. flat n.公寓C adj 平坦的；瘪了的 66. response n.回复；反应，响应C in response to 作为对.的回复 make a/no response to 对.做出/不做答复（回应） respond vi 回答；作出反应；承担责任 respond to sb/sth (with sth) （以.）回应. responsible adj 负责的；可靠的；自发的；故意的Unit 2 语法语法 句子的分类句子的分类 句子按照其结构可以分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句三大类 一、简单句 含义：只有一个主谓结构的独立分句，叫简单句。 PS：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语) 在简单句中，主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，也可以由两个或两个 以上的词或短语充当，组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。除了主语和谓语之外， 简单句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等。 Eg：He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 二、并列句 含义：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。 Eg: You help him and he helps you. The future is bright but the road is tortuous. 常见的连词： 1、表示并列关系：and, not only. but also., neither. nor.等 Eg: The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away. 2、表示转折或对比关系：but, still, yet, while, whereas(然而，反之), however 等 Eg: He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 3、表示因果关系：for, so, therefore 等 Eg: August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work form dawn until dark. 4、表示选择关系：or, either. or., otherwise 等 Eg: Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 三、主从复合句 1. 含义：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子，叫主从复合句。 PS: 含有两个或两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓做另一个主谓结构 的成分（并列句中两个主谓结构间的是并列关系，而不是从属关系） 注：简单句的一个成分从词或短语变为句子时，整个句子就成为主从复合句 了 例如：(1) It is wrong. What he said is wrong. (2) The boy over there is my brother. The boy who is wearing a hat is brother. (3) I was doing my homework at six. I was doing my homework when he came in. 2. 主从复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接 一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么 是主从复合句。这是我们就要考虑连接词的问题。直接用逗号连接的两个简单 句是错误的。这时，我们有四种方法来改正这个错句。 (1)改为并列句：用 and，so，but 等并列连词连接。 (2)改为主从复合句：加从属连词，把其中一个分句改为状语从句、定语从句或 名词性从句。 (3)改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉，从而使其变成独立主格 结构。 (4)改标点：把逗号改为分号（根据句意有时也可用冒号、破折号等） 。 例如： 1 I like English, my English is very good. I like English and my English is very good. （并列句） As I like English, my English is very good. （原因状从） I like English; my English is good. （分号） I liking English, my English is very good. （独立主格） 2 I have a house, its windows are very good. I have a house and its windows are very big. （并列句） I have a house, whose windows are very big. （定语从句） I have a house; its windows are big. （分号） I have a house, its windows very big. （独立主格） 3. 主从复合句分类： 主句和从句都具有完成的主语和谓语，但从句只是主句的一个成分，不能 独立存在。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和 名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）三大类。 定语从句 (1)含义：用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明 整个主句或主句中的一部分）二起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。 (2)类型：定语从句包含限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用，与先行词之间的关系非常密切 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省去也不会影响主句的意 思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 Eg: He has two sons who work in the same company. He failed in the match, which was a great pity. 状语从句 (1)含义：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句，叫状 语从句。 (2)类型： 状语从句类型状语从句类型功能功能例句例句 时间状语从句作时间状语When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 地点状语从句作地点状语Make marks where you have questions. 原因状语从句作原因状语As she was young, she was not equal to the task. 目的状语从句作目的状语Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 结果状语从句作结果状语Jack is so tall a man that he can almost reach the branch. 条件状语从句作条件状语If I feel any doubt, I inquire. 让步状语从句作让步状语I had a good time though I didnt know anybody at the party. 方式状语从句作方式状语Please do it as I told you. 比较状语从句作比较状语She dances as gracefully as her sister. 名词性从句 名词性从句的功能相当于名词（词组） ，在主从复合句中充当主语、表语和 同位语。按其句法功能，名词性从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句 和同位语从句。 练习：练习： 一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. ____________ 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. ____________ 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? ____________ 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. ____________ 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. ____________ 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. ____________ 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. ____________ 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? ____________ 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. ____________ 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. ____________ 11. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing. ____________ 12. We have entered into an age when dreams have the best change of coming true. ____________ 13. Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. ____________ 14. While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. ____________ 15. Since I was a kid, Ive considered different jobs I would like to do. ____________ 16. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth day. ____________ 17. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove back. ____________ 18. Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. ____________ 19. It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. ____________ 20. I truly believe that beauty comes from within. ____________ 21.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. ____________ 22. I stopped the ball and kicked it hard back to the playground. ____________ 二、用适当的连接词填空 1. He closed the window, turned off the light ________ left the room. 2. She is American _________ she speaks Chinese very fluently. 3. It is foggy today, _________ we cant see distant hills. 4. He likes sports, _________ Id rather collect stamps. 5. ________ he couldnt understand was _________ fewer and fewer students showed their interest in his class. 6. She said ________ the story was true. 7. She expressed the hope ________ she would write a novel someday. 8. The girl ________ English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race, _______ made all of us very happy. 9. Please tell us the time _______ we shall have the Chinese exam. 10. ________ Toms very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless. 一、1 简单句 2 主从复合句 3 简单句 4 简单句 5 并列句 6 主从复合句 7 并列句 8 主从复合句 9 主从复合句 10 主从复合句 11 简单句 12 主从复合句 13 简单句 14 并列句 15 主从复合句 16 主从复合句 17 并列句 18 简单句 19 主从复合句 20 主从复合句 21 主从复合句 22 简单句 二、1 and 2 but 3 so 4 while 5 What; why 6 that 7 that 8 whose; which 9 when 10 While