1、Unit 3 The world online 突破语法大冲关突破语法大冲关 动词- ing 作定语、状语和宾语补足语 观察例句 写出下列句中动词- ing 的作用 Walking in the park，she saw an old friend. _ Being ill， he couldnt go to school. _ Working hard， youll make great progress. _ 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. _ All night long
2、he long awake，thinking of the problem._ Is there a swimming pool in your school？ _ The bridge being built now will be the longest one in the world. _ He heard the song being sung next door. _ 结果状语 伴随状语 前置定语 后置定语 宾语补足语 归纳用法 一、动词- ing 形式作定语 1 表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途， 相当于 for 引导的介词短语。 No one is allowed to speak
3、 aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 2和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的 动作，相当于一个定语从句。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。 名师点津 动词- ing 表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词 表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 Y
4、ou should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 Im looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。 即学即练 1 单句语法填空 When we got a call _(say)she was short- listed， we thought it was a joke. The girl _(sit)next to me was my cousin. Look！There are some l
5、eaves _(float)on the water. There is a page _(miss)from this book. The library _(build)now will be the biggest one in our city. saying sitting floating missing being built 二、动词- ing 形式作状语 (一)具体用法 1作时间状语 常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Hearing the noise，I turned round. When I heard the noise，I turned round. 听到响声我
6、转过身去。 2作原因状语 相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。 Being poor，he couldnt afford a TV set. Because he was poor，he couldnt afford a TV set. 由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。 3作条件状语 相当于一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。 Working hard，youll certainly succeed. If you work hard，youll certainly succeed. 只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。 4作结果状语 通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中 的结果。 T
7、he fire lasted a whole night，causing great damage. 大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。 名师点津 动词- ing 形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生 而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况， 前面有时候可以加 thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结 果，常用 only to do 结构，其被动形式为 only to be done。 He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 I hurried to school，o
8、nly to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 5作让步状语 相当于 although/though 引导的让步状语从句。 Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake. Although/Though he had been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过多次了，但是他仍旧重犯同样的错误。 6作方式和伴随状语 动词- ing 表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由 连词连接的并
9、列谓语。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book. Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。 (二)注意事项 1时态 以 do 为例，其- ing 形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)。 (1)当表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时， 用动词ing 的一 般式。 Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine. 我走在街上的时候， 遇到了一
10、位老朋友。 (walking 和谓语动词 met 同时发生) (2)当表示的动作先发生， 而谓语动词的动作后发生时， 用动词- ing 的完成式。 Having finished the letter，he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished 是先发生的，went 是后发生的) 2语态 使用动词- ing 的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于它和句子主语之 间的关系。表示主动关系就用主动式，表示被动关系就用被动式。 Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy. 被领着参观
11、了工厂后，他们很高兴。 Having finished his homework，he went to bed. 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。 3动词- ing 形式的否定式：notv.ing；not havingv.ed Not knowing this，he didnt come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 4独立主格结构 动词- ing 形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结 构称为独立主格结构，通常用来
12、表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示 时间、原因或条件。 The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres. 那些树非常高，其中一些高达 90 多米。 The weather being fine，we went out for a walk. 由于天气好，我们去散步了。 名师点津 有些动词- ing 形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往 作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子， 表明说话者的态度、 观点等。 例如：generally speaking “一般来说”，judging by/from.“从判 断”，taking everyt
13、hing into consideration “从全盘考虑”。 Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。 Generally speaking， girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。 即学即练 2 用动词- ing 短语改写句子 The storm left and had caused a lot of damage to this area. The storm left，_ Do be more carefu
14、l when you cross the street. Do be more careful _ As it was a wet day，we couldnt go for a walk. _，we couldnt go for a walk. having caused a lot of damage to this area when crossing the street It being a wet day Because he did not know how to do it，he went to her for help. _，he went to her for help.
15、As soon as she had made the beds，she started making breakfast. _，she started making breakfast. Not knowing how to do it Having made the beds 三、动词- ing 形式作宾语补足语 1动词- ing 形式及其短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(如 see， observe，notice，watch，hear，smell，listen to，look at，feel 等)以及 其他动词(如 catch，have，make，get，start，leave，keep，fi
16、nd 等)的 宾语后面，作宾语补足语。 I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond. 我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。 名师点津 在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略 to 的不定式 作宾语补足语，也可以接动词- ing 形式作宾语补足语，其区别是：动 词- ing 形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过程；不定式 作宾语补足语表示动作的完成，指全过程。 I saw the thief getting on the train. 我看见那个贼正在上火车。 I saw the thief get on the train an
17、d disappear. 我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。 2用于 with 复合结构中，作宾语补足语 I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。 即学即练 3 单句语法填空 Suddenly we heard someone _(knock)gently on the window. I suddenly felt myself _(hit)by a heavy fist
18、. They use computers to keep the traffic _(run)smoothly. When I got there， I saw the famous star being _(surround) by some girls. With the crowds _(cheer)，they drove to the palace. knocking being hit running surrounded cheering .单句语法填空 1The _(wait)room is always full of all kinds of people. 2I saw a
19、 stranger _(come)into the managers office. 3The boys _(gather)at the school gate are my classmates. 4Those _(wish)to join this club should sign here. 5_(miss)the bus，we had to walk home. 6_(watch)the play，she couldnt keep back her tears. waiting coming gathering wishing Having missed Watching 7Not _
20、(know)how to do it，he turned to the engineer for help. 8The student _(talk)with the foreigners over there is my brother. 9When I saw the dog _(beat)by several boys，I came up to stop them. 10The man left us _(stand)alone，unable to find any help. knowing talking being beaten standing .短文语法填空 Buying bo
21、oks on the Internet is a great way 1._(save)time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and used books 2._(save)you a lot of money.Whats more，they are far better 3._(compare)to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of e- books online or t
22、ype the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of 4._(shop)online is that you can also read the book reviews as well to save saving compared shopping as readers reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth 5._(buy).Online bookstores offer great discounts，which is a big attraction for
23、 book lovers. For book lovers，it is most important 6._(get)books in time.Therefore，you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries. buying to get Here are some tips to use when 7._(select)an online bookstore.Some online bookstores are popular for fiction boo
24、ks；some are for non- fiction books or novels，etc.8._(understand)their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you 9._(buy)the books from a third- party seller or directly from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer super cheap prices，as books 10._(sell)at such low price could be in very bad condition. selecting Understanding will be buying sold
