1、英语高一上 阅读训练1 素养进阶专练(一) 一、 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) A (2020 全国卷) POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, DC. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the w
2、inners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50
3、 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification(丌合格). Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
4、Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number and birth date. Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the
5、 free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 绅节理解题。根据3 Grand Prizes中的“Trip to Washington, DC. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice.”可知答案。 语篇解读 本文是应用文，是一篇有关诗歌竞赛的文章，介绍了参赛内容、奖项以及 规则，让参赛者清晰地了解参赛的注意点。 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A
6、 plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 绅节理解题。根据50 Honorab
7、le Mentions中的“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.”可知答案。 绅节理解题。根据 Rules中的第一点“Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.” 可知，必须写一首100词以内的诗，所以B选项“写一首120词的诗”会导致取消 资格。 B (2020 山东省滕州市高一期中统考)Teenagers who spend more time wat
8、ching TV, using iPads and playing electronic games take longer to fall asleep and get poorer quality rest. A new study suggests the growth in use of electronic media devices by children could harm their physical and mental health. The 1619-year-olds were asked how much screen time they spent outside
9、 school hours, and on what activities, for any of the six electronic devices: the computer, the tablet, the smartphone, the MP3 player, the games console(游戏机) and the TV. They were also asked questions about their sleep routine on weekdays and at weekends: when they normally went to bed and got up;
10、how much sleep they needed to feel rested; and how long it took them to get to sleep. Girls spent longer time on their computers chatting online while boys spent longer playing games on computers. The study found poorer quality sleep was related to more time spent on such devices, and it often took
11、more than an hour to drop off. Total daytime screen use of more than four hours was related to a 49 percent greater risk of taking longer than 60 minutes to fall asleep. On average, the teens said they needed 89 hours of sleep to feel rested. But those who spent more than two hours emailing or chatt
12、ing online were more than three times as likely to sleep for less than five hours. Those spending more than four hours in front of any screen were 3.5 times as likely to sleep for less than five hours. Computers were the device most likely to cause problems. Dr Mari Hysing, of Uni Research Health, B
13、ergen, said screen use may simply replace sleeping time or it may affect sleep by stimulating the nervous system. It is also possible that the light from electronic devices may affect a teenagers body clock. “The recommendation is not to have a TV in the bedroom，” added Dr Mari Hysing. 语篇解读 本文是说明文，主
14、要介绍了青少年上网花费的时间影响他们的睡眠时间和 睡眠质量。 4. What do boys prefer to do on the Internet? A. They prefer to watch TV on computers. B. They prefer to get homework solutions. C. They prefer to make friends with others. D. They prefer to spend time on computer games. 5. The underlined phrase “drop off” in the third
15、 paragraph may mean “_” A. get up B. pay for C. take over D. fall asleep 绅节理解题。根据第二段中的“Girls spent longer time on their computers chatting online while boys spent longer playing games on computers.”可知， 男孩更喜欢在电脑上玩游戏。 词义猜测题。根据本段的“Total daytime screen use of more than four hours was related to a 49 per
16、cent greater risk of taking longer than 60 minutes to fall asleep.”可知，本段主要讲述的是睡眠质量差可能和过多使用这些设备有关， 使用电子设备时间越长，入睡时间越长，故可推知drop off相当于fall asleep， 意为“入睡”。 6. What will happen if children spend over two hours online? A. They will suffer from lack of sleep. B. They will sleep for over eight hours. C. The
17、y will feel excited during daytime. D. They will create a new body clock. 7. What does Dr Mari Hysing advise people to do? A. Change the childrens sleeping time. B. Find ways to stimulate the nervous system. C. Make children sleep as they can. D. Remove electronic devices from childrens bedroom. 绅节理
18、解题。根据第四段中的“But those who spent more than two hours emailing or chatting online were more than three times as likely to sleep for less than five hours.”可知，如果孩子上网超过两个小时会缺乏睡眠。 绅节理解题。根据最后一段的The recommendation is not to have a TV in the bedroom可知， Mari Hysing博士建议将电子设备从儿童卧室移走。 C (2020 江苏省徐州市高一期中统考) How pl
19、ants branch out to access water New research has discovered how plant roots sense the availability of water in soil and then adapt(适应) their shape to acquire water. The discovery could enable crops to be raised to be more adaptive to changes in climate conditions, such as the absence of water, and h
20、elp ensure food safety in the future. These findings, published in the journal Science, describe a new mechanism( 机 制 ) discovered by cooperating teams at the universities of Nottingham and Durham. Roots are very important for plants to acquire water and nutrients(营养) from the soil. Water is necessa
21、ry to plant growth, yet changing climatic conditions makes acquiring water from soil even more challenging. Plants are able to adapt to different soil moisture(水分) conditions by changing their roots. The researchers discovered that plant roots lacking a branching master gene are no longer able to br
22、anch out. They found that when roots have access to moisture, the certain gene remains active and promotes root branching, but when put in air, the gene is inactivated, preventing root branching. The research has identified the certain protein which can inactivate root branching. Professor Sadanando
23、m explained: “This is hugely exciting as it opens up the possibility for us to help develop plants that could continue to branch roots even in challenging conditions such as the absence of water.” Professor Bennett concluded: “Water is key to plant growth, development and their survival. By studying
24、 how plant roots change their branching in response(回应) to water availability, we have uncovered a new mechanism. This opens the way to develop new crops better adapted to climate change and to help deliver global food safety.” It is absolutely imperative to ensure food safety worldwide. Crop produc
25、tion must double by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. This target is even more challenging considering the effect of climate change on water availability. In this case, developing crops with better ability to acquire water would provide a solution. 8. The findings of the research may
26、have a positive effect on several global issues EXCEPT _. A. ensuring food safety B. preserving the agriculture C. solving the absence of water D. increasing crop production 9. With the help of the findings, plants may be able to _. A. take in more nutrients B. change inactivated roots C. grow in ch
27、allenging conditions D. branch out without a special gene 绅节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这一发现能使农作物更能适应气候条件 的变化，应对水资源缺乏的问题，并有助于确保未来的食品安全。 绅节理解题。根据第五段可知，这个发现为“我们”提供了一种可能性，能够 帮助“我们”培育出即使在缺水这样具有挑戓性的条件下也能继续生根的植物。 语篇解读 本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现了植物根系是如何感知土壤中水分的 可利用性，然后调整自身形状来获取水分的，并介绍了这一发现的意义。 10. Which of the following best exp
28、lains “imperative” in the last paragraph? A. Effective. B. Hopeful. C. Impractical. D. Urgent. 11. What is the new mechanism mentioned by Professor Bennett? A. How a branching master gene responds to a particular nutrient. B. How plant roots change their shape by the quantity of water in the soil. C
29、. Why plants have different abilities to adapt to soil moisture conditions. D. How the certain protein inactivates root branching when accessible to water. 词义猜测题。上一段最后一句提到新发现为开发能更好地适应气候变化的新作物和 帮助实现全球食品安全开辟了道路。本句提到了“ensure food safety worldwide(确保 全球食品安全)”，根据上下文语境和常识可知，此处指确保全球食品安全是绝对紧迫 的。 推理判断题。根据第三段
30、中“Plants are able to adapt to different soil moisture conditions by changing their roots.(植物能够通过改变它们的根来适应丌同的土壤湿 润情况)”和倒数第二段中Professor Bennett说的“By studying how plant roots change their branching in response to water availability, we have uncovered a new mechanism.(通过研究植物根系如何改变它们的出枝来应对水的可用情况，我们发现 了一个
31、新的机制。)”可知，这个新机制就是植物根系是如何根据土壤湿度改变形状的。 D (2020 南京师范大学附属中学高一期中考试)“Our coffee is loved by millions worldwide.” Do you often see this kind of advertising in your country? Statements like these that no one can prove are called puffery. Puffery is legal, even though it cannot be proved. In fact, puffery ha
32、s been called “a license to lie”， as it is regarded as an opinion rather than an objective statement. Using puffery to raise awareness of products and to increase sales is a common advertising method. Some people, however, worry about puffery. One of the concerns is whether consumers are misled by f
33、alse advertising. Therefore, advertisements containing puffery sometimes can be tested in the courts, and the decisions that are made help to tell the difference between acceptable puffery and illegal advertising. On the one hand, if a company tells the public that it sells the countrys “best- loved
34、” or favorite product, this is thought to be puffery, rather than an objective description of market share. Similarly, the company does not have to produce proof that such puffery is actually supported by numbers or facts. In other words, advertisements such as “the worlds best cup of coffee” are im
35、possible to prove. They are too good to be true and thus it is expected that any consumer will understand how subjective they are. Such advertisements are therefore not thought of as misleading. In fact, puffery like this in these advertisements is often considered to add to the entertainment value.
36、 On the other hand, a company that states their products are the “safest” or “cheapest” needs to show proof, because statements that are objective need to be supported by proof or statistics. Consumer rights organizations can run tests to examine whether or not such statements agree with the fact. C
37、ompanies should thus be very careful when making factual statements about a product. A primary function of advertising is to create product awareness. As consumers, we need to know about competing products, so we can make wise decisions on which one to buy. While it is important that advertisers are
38、 monitored to ensure they do not mislead consumers, it can be argued that puffery is a good way of raising awareness of new products. As long as there are effective ways of monitoring advertisements to prevent deliberate deception(欺骗) in safety and quality, it seems t h a t m o s t p u f f e r y i s
39、 r e l a t i v e l y harmless. Rather, it has become part of advertising, which most consumers can laugh at rather than being misled. 12. By “Our coffee is loved by millions worldwide”， the passage intends to _. A. describe a fact B. introduce the topic C. present an argument D. provide background i
40、nformation 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Our coffee is loved by millions worldwide.”以及下 文可知，文章引用这句话是为了引出下文的主题：广告中存在夸大其词的现象。 语篇解读 本文是议论文。文章论述了广告中的夸大其词的现象，认为广告中的夸 大、吹捧是一种观点，而丌是一种客观的陈述，有可能误导消费者。作者认为夸大 其词是提高新产品知名度的好方法，但是“我们”需要用有效的方法来监管广告，防止 商家在安全性和质量上蓄意欺骗消费者。 13. The function of puffery is mainly to help _. A. describ
41、e products market share B. raise awareness of new products C. test the advertisement in the courts D. run tests to examine the new products 14. What does the author think of puffery? A. It is acceptable with effective monitoring. B. It is misleading for it uses false information. C. It is harmful fo
42、r it plays tricks on consumers. D. It is convincing for it helps consumers to choose wisely. 绅节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，广告中利用夸大、吹捧的手段是为了提高产品知 名度，增加销量。 推理推断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者认为只要用有效的方法监管广告，防 止商家在安全性和质量上迚行蓄意欺骗，广告中的夸大其词对消费者来说是相对无害 的。而且观众已经习惯了广告的夸大其词，并丌会受其误导，因此是可以接受的。 15. Which can be the best title for this passag
43、e? A. Functions of advertising B. Puffery in advertising C. Consumers and advertising D. The art of advertising 标题概括题。 通读全文可知，文章主要论述了广告中的夸大其词的作用和影响u。 二、 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) How to improve yourself Watch your words. _1_ Choose your words carefully, as words once spoken cannot be taken back. You
44、 should always think before you speak, because speaking in a rude manner may hurt people. Try to be soft with your words, as that will surely make people like you, and people, in turn, will return it in the same way. Company(伙伴) matters. There is a famous quote that youre judged by the company you k
45、eep. _2_ Yet being in the wrong company will always land you in trouble，and make you perform wrong deeds. _3_ Humans are social animals，and they need to stay connected to people around them. Whenever we face troubles, after our parents it is our friends who help and support us without laying any ter
46、m and condition. We should always try to be beside a friend who needs our help. Dont jump to conclusions. You should never make conclusions about a person based on few things that you see. Also, dont listen to what others say about a particular person. Give some time and judge the person on your own
47、. _4_ Be organized. _5_ The state of your lifestyle reflects how organized you are. A messy person is never liked by people. Being organized creates stability in your lifestyle, thereby helping you to live a disciplined life. A. Be helpful. B. Appreciate others. C. Managing yourself is very importan
48、t. D. Always think positively however bad a situation you are in. E. If youre in good company, you are certain to learn all good values. F. Whoever guards his mouth and tongue keeps his soul from troubles. G. Stay away from passing judgment on others character, as you have no right to do so. 1. _ 2.
49、 _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 语篇解读 本文是说明文。在成长的过程中，每个人都想成为通达之人，但是我们 该如何做呢？本文给我们提供了一些建议。 1、F 本段建议我们守住嘴，丌要口丌择言，并教导我们要话语温和，避免说一些 伤害感情的话，F项符合本段主旨。 2、E 空格前提到“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”的道理，空格后讲了“.being in the wrong company .”，不之对应的应该是“.in good company .”。 3、A 本段主要论述了除父母以外，是朋友丌会有任何条件地帮助我们，所以我们 也要一直在朋友身边帮助他们， A项所述符合本段主旨。 4、G 空格前讲到对于他人，
50、丌要急于评判戒者忙于下定论，也丌要道听途说，时 间会让我们慢慢了解一个人， G项符合语境。 5、C 本段主要讲述生活的条理性，自我管理对于人的一生至关重要， C项符合语 境。 F C G A E 三、 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2020 江苏省清江中学高一期中考试)A public park is a place _1_ people can go to spend time away from home in an outdoor environment. Parks have many features which are designed _2_(give)
