1、 1 学生姓名：学生姓名： 辅导内容：辅导内容：B2 U4-Grammar 教学目标：教学目标： 重点单词：particular/mean/transport/ stage/extremely/destroy/defeat/right/confused/attempt 重点短语：ought to/reach for sth/clear up 重点语法：情态动词 【同步知识梳理】【同步知识梳理】 一、重点单词分析一、重点单词分析 知识点知识点 1：ought to 原文：原文：To start with, ask your friends, parents and teachers to rec
2、ommend what books you ought to read.首首 先，让你的朋友、父母和老师推荐你应该读的书。先，让你的朋友、父母和老师推荐你应该读的书。 (教材教材 P48) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： （1）（表示义务、忠告等）应当；应该 ought to do sth.应该做某事 ought to have done 本应该做却没有做 例：You ought not to eat a lot before swimming.游泳前你不应该吃太多。 Ought I to write to say thank you?我应该写信表示感谢吗? You ought to hav
3、e listened to the warnings.你要是听了告诫就好了。 I ought not to have done it,我本不该做这件事。 （2）(表示推测、可能性)应该? 例：He ought to be feeling better by this evening.他到今晚应该会感觉好一些。 My son ought to have left for Japan by now. 我儿子现在应该已经动身去日本了。 例题训练：例题训练： Anyone whos visiting in Beijing ought_ (go) and see the?Palace Museum. S
4、he ought to _ (learn) from Carrie. but she didnt. You dont have to be alone with him and I dont think you ought _ .(be) 翻译句子? 我们应该聚焦这一话题。 这项工作应于下星期一以前完成。 Keys： to go have learned to be We ought to center around this topic. The job ought to be finished by next Monday 知识点知识点 2：particular particularly
5、adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地 原文：原文：Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials. 特别是教师可以特别是教师可以 为有趣的阅读材料提供建议为有趣的阅读材料提供建议. (教材教材 P48) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： adj. 特别的，格外的；特别的，格外的； 特指的，挑剔的特指的，挑剔的 (1)in particular 尤其，特别 be particular about 对讲究；挑剔 in every particular
6、在一切方面；每一项；每一点 pay particular attention to 特别注意 (2) particularly good/important/useful 特别好/重要/有用 not particularly 不见得 例：Is there a particular type of book he enjoys? 他有特别喜爱的哪一类书籍吗？ Shes very particular about her clothes. 她对衣着特别挑剔。 The lecture was not particularly interesting. 讲座并不特别精彩。 例题训练：例题训练： One
7、 player _ deserves a mention. 有一名运动员特别值得表扬。 These documents _ interest. 2 这些文件让人尤其感兴趣。 I enjoyed the play, _ the second half. 我很欣赏那场比赛，特别是下半场。 Keys： in particular are of particular particularly 知识点知识点 3：mean meaningful adj. 有意义的；意味深长的有意义的；意味深长的 meaningless adj. 无意义的；无目的的无意义的；无目的的 meanness n.卑鄙；吝啬；劣等
8、卑鄙；吝啬；劣等 means n. 手段；方法手段；方法 原文：原文：The books main character is Scrooge, a rich and mean old man. 这本书的主要人物是吝啬鬼斯克鲁这本书的主要人物是吝啬鬼斯克鲁 奇，一个富有和吝啬的老人。奇，一个富有和吝啬的老人。 (教材教材 P49) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： v. 打算；意味着打算；意味着 （mean/meant/ meant）adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 (1) mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做
9、某事 be meant to do sth 打算做某事 be meant for 注定要属于；注定成为；打算作用 (2) be mean to sb 对某人刻薄 (3) by means of 用，依靠 by no means 决不 means of transport 运输工具 例：We didnt mean to hurt him. It was just a bit of fun. 我们并非有意要伤害他，只不过是开个玩笑罢了。 Your brother is mean to me, but I cant hold it against you. 你哥哥真刻薄，但是我也不能把怒气发在你身上
10、。 By means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other instantly. 通过现代技术，我们可以即时通信。 例题训练：例题训练： Balance does not mean _. 平衡并不意味着努力追求每件事情。 _ was simply an alienated moral life. 有意义的人生就是在道德上不让步的人生。 _ should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。 Keys：doing everything A meaningful life By
11、no means 知识点知识点 4：transport 原文：原文：On Christmas Eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits.在圣诞前夜，他被在圣诞前夜，他被 三个精灵带到他生命的不同时刻。三个精灵带到他生命的不同时刻。?(教材教材 P49) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： vt youd better pay to get it repaired. 你弄坏了我的自行车，你最好花钱找人修。 ruin 指严重地毁坏,侧重于破坏事物的内在价值 The illness has ruine
12、d my life. 这个病已经毁掉了我的生活。 例题训练：例题训练： With more forests _(destroy), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. The earthquake happened suddenly and caused many deaths and much_(destroy). The rescue team didn,t leave until they couldnt find any sign of life in the ruins after the _
13、(destroy ) quake. 选词填空：damage/ruin/destroy? The old temple that was _in the storm is now under repair. The flood _a lot of houses and many people became homeless. To our disappointment, the bad weather?_ our trip. Keys：being destroyed destruction destructive? damaged destroyed ruined 知识点知识点 8：defeat
14、 vt 恰当的(地) 例：He guessed right about the source of this problem.他猜对了这个问题的源头。 Walking, done in the right way, is a form of aerobic exercise.走路方法得当的话是一种有氧锻炼。 (3) n.权利 例：You have no right to stop me from going in.你无权阻止我进去。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】 right now 现在 go right 进展顺利 right away 立刻 put sth. right 纠正某事 例题训练：例题
15、训练： At last the plane_ (right )itself and flew on. 完成句子 He _ (合适人选) for the job. I cant think of anything in my life thats _(进展顺利) . Weve discovered what went wrong and are going to _ (纠正). We have an urgent thing to deal with. Call him _ (立刻). We cant discuss this question _(此刻). Keys：righted 句意：最后
16、，飞机恢复了平稳，继续飞行。is the right man going right put it right right away right now 知识点知识点 10：reach for sth 原文：原文： His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.他的嘴干得说不出话来， 但他的嘴干得说不出话来， 但 他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。(教材教材 P53) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 伸手够某物伸手够某物 例：She reached for that classic
17、 on the shelf.?她伸手够架子上的那部名著。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】 reach into.伸进里 beyond/out of sb. s reach= beyond/out of the reach of sb 某人手够不到的地方；在某人能力范围之外 within sb. s reach= within the reach of sb 某人手够得到的地方；在某人能力范围之内 within(easy) reach (of sth)靠近，很接近 例题训练：例题训练： She failed again, and victory seemed_(手够不到). It saves time
18、 in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ (在够得着的地方) There are chances everywhere, but you must_ (伸手去拿) them Keys：out of her reach/beyond her reach within reach reach tor 知识点知识点 11：confused 原文：原文：Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought.你现在脑子开始犯糊除了你现在脑子开始犯糊除了,他想。他想。 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展：
19、adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 例：When I came across new words containing a similar spelling, I would often get confused. 当遇到含有拼写相似的生词时，我经常感到困惑。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】 confuse vt.使迷惑，使糊涂；(将)混淆，混同 搭配：搭配： confuse A with/and B 把 A 和 B 混淆 例： They argued with each other, because they confused quantity with qu
20、ality.他们争论着，因为他们把数量与 质量混淆了。 【词语积累】【词语积累】 6 confusing adj. 困惑的，糊涂的 confusion n. 困惑；混淆；窘迫 例： They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do. 他们问了我许多难以理解的问题，使我迷惑不解。我彻底糊涂了，尴尬地站在那 儿，不知所措。 例例题训练：题训练： There was a _look on
21、his face when he met with the _problem. ( confuse) I m totally_ (confuse). Could you account for that again? I always confuse you _your brother-you look so alike. It was a_ (confuse) question for me why they moved off in advance. His answers to my questions have only added to my_ (confuse) 完成句子 If t
22、here is anything you_ (感到困惑的), you can consult our manager. Keys：confused, confusing confused with/and confusing confusion feel confused about 知识点知识点 12： attempt 原文：原文：After coming in empty- handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.圣地亚哥圣地亚哥 空手而归八十四天之后，试图捕捉一条大鱼。空手而归八十四天之后，试
23、图捕捉一条大鱼。(教材教材 P53) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： vt./ n. 努力；尝试；试图努力；尝试；试图 (1)attempt to do sth= try to do sth= seek to do sth 努力做某事；试图做某事 (2)at the first attempt 第一次尝试 make an attempt to do sth/ at doing sth 试图做某事 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事 I will attempt to answer all your questions. 我将努力回答你的全部问题。 Two factor
24、ies were closed in an attempt to cut costs. 为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。 They made no attempt to escape. 他们没有企图逃跑。 例题训练：例题训练： The prisoners _, but failed. 囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。 I passed my driving test _. 我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。 Someone has _ the Presidents life . 有人企图刺杀总统。 Keys： attempted an escape at the first attempt made an a
25、ttempt on 知识点知识点 13： clear up 原文：原文：“clear up, head, ”he said in a voice he could hardly hear. “clear up.” “清醒吧，头脑，清醒吧，头脑，”他用那种几他用那种几 乎听不见的声音说。乎听不见的声音说。“清醒清醒”。(教材教材 P54) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： (头脑头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理清醒；使整洁，清理; 放晴；治愈放晴；治愈; 痊愈痊愈 写出下列句子中写出下列句子中 clear up 的中文含义的中文含义 After breakfast they played while I
26、 cleared up. The rain held up and theres no sign to clear up. Antibiotics should be used to clear up the infection. Keys：打扫 天气放晴 治愈; 痊愈 【拓展延伸】【拓展延伸】 make clear 显示；解释清楚 in the clear 不受阻碍 clear about 明白 keep clear of 避开；不接触 make it clear that 弄清楚 clear out 走开；把清出 7 clear day 晴天 例题训练：例题训练： It would _ w
27、ho are the really powerful people in a company. 它会让人们看清谁是企业中真正有权势的人。 _ the door of the elevator. 不要靠近电梯的门。 He stood beside her peering up at the _. 他站在她的身旁，凝视着晴空。 Keys： make clear Keep clear of clear sky 二、重点句式分析重点句式分析 知识点知识点 1：whether 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 原文：原文：A book review can often tell you whether a
28、book is worth reading or not. 书评常常能告诉你一本书书评常常能告诉你一本书 是否值得一读。是否值得一读。(教材教材 P48) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 本句中本句中“whether a book is worth reading or not” 是宾语从句，是宾语从句，whether 意为意为“是否是否”，表明对陈述的事，表明对陈述的事 物不明确或不清楚， 常用在物不明确或不清楚， 常用在 ask, wonder, doubt 等词后或与等词后或与“or not”连用， 引导宾语从句时通常情况下可与连用， 引导宾语从句时通常情况下可与 “if”互换。互换。
29、 I asked whether(if) they could change my ticket. 我问他们是否可以给我换票。 It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。 引导宾语从句只有引导宾语从句只有 whether 不同不同 if 的情况的情况: 介词后面 He is worried about whether she is all right. 他担心她是不是痊愈了。 在不定式前用 whether。 He hasnt decided whether
30、to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 与or not连用时 He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 他不知道该不该留下来。 例题训练：例题训练： It remains to be seen _ 这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。 It was difficult to gauge _. 很难判断她是否在生气 Its doubtful _ therell be any seats left. 看来未必还有座位。 Keys：whether or not this idea can be put into practice whe
31、ther she was angry or not whether/ if 知识点知识点 2： But when he put all of his effort on, starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength 可是当他使出浑身力气，在鱼靠近之前就开始用尽全力拉线时可是当他使出浑身力气，在鱼靠近之前就开始用尽全力拉线时 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 本句中，本句中，starting it well out before the fish came alongs
32、ide and pulling with all his strength 现在分词短语作现在分词短语作 伴随状语。伴随状语。 现在分词短语作状语可以表示伴随情况、时间、原因、条件、让步或结果等现在分词短语作状语可以表示伴随情况、时间、原因、条件、让步或结果等 （1）伴随状语 例：He sat at the table reading China Daily. 他坐在桌子旁看中国日报 （2）时间状语(相当于时间状语从句) 例：Having persuaded him to change his mind, I went on a journey with him.说服他改变主意后，我和他一起去
33、 旅行了。 （3）原因状语(相当于原因状语从句) 例：Being ill. she didnt go to school as usual today. 因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。 （4）条件状语(相当于条件状语从句) 例：Turning right, you will find the place you want 往右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方了。 （5）让步状语(相当于让步状语从句) 例：Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage?尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。 8 （6）结果状语 例： The mother
34、died, leaving a lot of money for her children?那位母亲去世了， 给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。 【误区警示】【误区警示】 现在分词否定式：not+现在分词 例：Not recovering from the operation, I couldnt keep pace with you. 由于尚未从手术中康复，我跟不上你的步伐。 例题训练：例题训练： 单句语法填空 Nervously_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words Be yourself
35、. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ (allow) more patients to be treated. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,_(turn) town into a dreamland. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_ (make)air conditioning unnecessary. Like ancient sailors, birds can find
36、their way_(use)the sun and the stars. _(work ) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus_ (cause)the delay. _(hear)the good news, we were all excited. 完成句子 为了避免迟到，我乘出租车去了那里。 _, I took a taxi there. The old man passed away，_(这使得全家人非常难过). K
37、eys： facing allowing turning making using Having worked causing Hearing Not wanting to be late making the whole family very sad 知识点知识点 3：He had been on the point of feeling himself gop. each time.每次他都觉得自己就快要不行了。每次他都觉得自己就快要不行了。 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： be on the point of doing sth.正要做某事 例：The boy was on the
38、point of going to bed when the telephone rang.这个男孩儿正要上床睡觉，这时电话响 了。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】 sb. be doing.when.某人正在做就在这时. sb. had just done sth.when.某人刚做完某事，这时. sb. was about to do sth.when.某人正要做某事，这时. 例：He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。 She had just finished the dinner when her fa
39、ther came in.她刚吃完晚饭，她的父亲就进来了。 The sensitive woman was about to open the door when she heard a strange sound from inside. 这位敏感 的女士正要开门，这时她听到从里面传来一个奇怪的声音。 例题训练：例题训练： 单句语法填空 I was on the point of crossing the road _the accident happened. I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on th
40、e wrong road. 完成句子 Doctor Wang _(刚睡着) when the telephone rang, saying that a patient was on the way to the hospital One Friday, we _(正在打包) to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help? Keys：when was driving had just fallen asleep were packing 【同步语法梳理】【同步语法梳理】 情态动词情态动词 1. 情态动词的定义
41、：情态动词的定义： 情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的 变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。 9 2. 情态动词的种类：情态动词的种类： 情态动词 词义 否定形式 词义 Can 能够，会 cant 不能，不会 Could 能够，会 couldnt 不能，不会 May 可以 Must 必须 mustnt 不允许，不能 Shall 将，要 shant 将不要 Should 应该 shouldnt 不应该 Need 需要 neednt 不必 Would 将会，愿 wouldnt 不会，不愿 3. 常见情态动词的用法常见情态动词的用法 (1) can (
42、could) 表示能力，could 主要指过去时间。 No argument can justify a war. 没有任何理由能证明一个战争有理。 Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 Exercising alone can be boring. 独自一个人锻炼可能会很无聊 He can t (couldn t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 表示允许。 Can I change seats with you?
43、我可以和您换一下座位吗？ 表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ It couldnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise. 不会是词汇量导致你在练习中出现问题。 How can you be so careless! 你怎么这么粗心！ 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ (2) may (might) 表允许，
44、might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ 表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 They might b
45、e having a meeting, but I m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 (3 )must 表示义务。意为必须（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 - Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ - No, you needn t. / No, you don t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用 mustn t） 表示揣测。意为想必、准是、一定等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He lo
46、oks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 (4) shall 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？ Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？ What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？ 表说话人的意愿，有命令、允诺、警告、决心等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令） You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） He sh
47、all be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） 10 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心） (5) will 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 表请求，用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? It s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of
48、 water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 (6) should 表义务。意为应该（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 表推测，意为想必一定、照说应该、估计等。 They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 竟然 Its surprising that you should be so foolish； 万一 If anyone should come,say I am not at home. (7) would 表意愿。 I said I would do anything for y
49、ou. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？ 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 【素材积累素材积累】 场景类句子积累场景类句子积累-自然场景自然场景 1.夜幕降临 darkness fell 2.天气寒冷 The day was bitterly cold 3.天空蔚蓝，阳光明媚 The sky was
50、blue and the sun was shining 4.大雨倾盆而下 It was pouring really hard 5.皓月当空 The moon was shining brightly in the sky 6.天空繁星密布 The sky was dotted with stars 7.云散开了，太阳出来了 The clouds parted and the sun shone 8. 山丘沐浴在阳光下 The hills were bathed in the sunshine 9.风越来越大，天空开始乌云密布 The wind was getting up and it w
