1、,12 湖心亭看雪,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
2、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
3、成才路,状元成才路,1.了解作者的有关情况，积累文言词语，感知课文主要内容。(重点) 2.学习写景、叙事、抒情相结合的写法，体会本文对比、白描手法的运用。(难点) 3.领略雪后西湖美景，感悟作者超凡脱俗的文人雅趣。(重点),江雪 （唐）柳宗元 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。,张岱（15971679），字宗子，又字石公，号陶庵，又号蝶庵居士，明末清初山阴（现在浙江绍兴）人。寓居杭州。出身仕宦世家，少为富贵公子，爱繁华，好山水，晓音乐、戏曲，明亡后不仕，入山著书以终。有陶庵梦忆西湖梦寻等传世。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
4、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
5、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,本文选自陶庵梦忆卷三（西湖书社1982年版）。公元1644年，清军入关后，大举南下。张
6、岱避居浙江剡溪山。在此期间，他写下了西湖梦寻和陶庵梦忆，书中主要追忆了当年风月繁华、故国往事，凡记叙过去的行踪皆用明朝纪年。湖心亭看雪就是出自回忆录陶庵梦忆。,文章一开头就用“崇祯五年十二月”交代游览时间，沿用明代纪年，是有着深刻含义的，以此说明在作者心目中明朝始终是没有灭亡的。作者向我们描绘出这么一个冰清玉洁、凝静清绝的西湖雪景，其实也是描写明亡后，他自己作为忠明的遗民孤独冷清的心境。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
7、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
8、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,拏（ ） 更定（ ） 毳衣（ ） 雾凇（ ） 一芥（ ） 喃喃（ ） 铺毡（ ） 强饮（ ） 崇祯（ ） 沆砀（ ） 更有此人（ ）,n,n,cu,sn,ji,nn,zhn,qin,chn zhn,hn dn
9、,n,自由朗读课文，理清课文层次。,课文可以分为两部分： 第一部分（1）：交代了看雪的时间、地点、天气状况和赏雪的具体经过。 第二部分（2）：写湖心亭奇遇。,湖心亭看雪 崇祯五年十二月，余住西湖。大雪三日，湖中人鸟声俱绝。是日更定矣，余拏一小舟，拥毳衣炉火，独往湖心亭看雪。,第一人称代词“我”。,都。,消失。,这。,鸟兽的细毛。,雾凇沆砀，天与云与山与水，上下一白。湖上影子，惟长堤一痕，湖心亭一点，与余舟一芥，舟中人两三粒而已。,全,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
10、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
11、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,到亭上，有两人铺毡对坐，一童子烧酒，炉正沸。见余大惊喜，曰：“湖中焉得更有此人！”拉余同饮。余强饮三大白而别。问其姓氏，是金陵人，客此。及下船，舟子喃喃曰：“莫说
12、相公痴，更有痴似相公者！”,哪能。,还。,尽力。,古人罚酒时用的酒杯，这里指酒杯。,在此地客居。,船夫。,旧时对士人的尊称。,余住西湖（ ） 湖中焉得更有此人（ ） 余强饮三大白而别（ ） 余强饮三大白而别（ ）,古义：我 今义：剩下,古义：还 今义：更加,古义：竭力，尽力 今义：勉强,古义：酒杯 今义：像霜雪的颜色，跟“黑”相对,上下一白（ ） 余强饮三大白而别（ ）,大喜曰（ ） 余强饮三大白而别（ ）,白色,副词，非常,酒杯,形容词，跟“小”相对,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
13、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
14、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,上下一白（ ） 长堤一痕（ ）,副词，全，都,湖中人鸟声俱绝（ ） 佛印绝类弥勒（ ）,是日更定矣（ ） 更有痴似相公者（ ）,数词，一,动词
15、，消失,副词，极,古代夜间计时单位，一夜分为五更，每更约两小时,副词，更加，还,大雪三日（ ） 拥毳衣炉火（ ） 客此（ ）,名词做动词，下大雪,名词做动词，带着火炉,名词做动词，客居,判断句： 是金陵人（“是”表判断） 省略句： 见余，大喜曰（“见”前面省略了主语“两人”） 倒装句： 更有痴似相公者（状语后置，应为“更有似相公痴者”）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
16、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
17、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.“湖中人鸟声俱绝”的“绝”字在此有什么样的表达效果？,一个“绝”字传达出冰天雪地万籁无声的森然寒意，巧妙地从人的听觉和心理感受上写出了大雪后的情境。,【第一部分(1)】,2.第1段作者写景运用了白描手法，有什么作用？,一痕、一点、一芥、两三粒，使用白描手法
18、，宛如中国画中的写意山水，寥寥几笔，就包含了诸多景色，人与自然共同构成富有意境的艺术画面。悠远脱俗是这幅画的精神，也是作者所推崇的人格品质，这就是人与自然在精神上的统一与和谐。,1.“拉余同饮”中的“拉”字表现了什么内容？,“拉”字表现出“两人”遇到知己的喜悦心情。,【第二部分(2)】,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
19、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
20、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.舟子的话有什么作用？,舟子说作者“痴”，虽有世俗之感，却是对张岱痴迷于“天人合一”的山水之乐，痴迷于世俗之外的闲情雅致的高度评价。巧妙地表现出作者有抱负、孤高冷寂的品格。,1.文章开头说“独往湖心亭看雪”，后来又写到“舟中人两三粒”，况且文章末尾舟子还出现了，这是不是作者行文的疏忽？,这里并不是作者行文疏忽
21、，而是有意为之。在作者看来，芸芸众生不可为伍，比如舟子，虽然存在却犹如不存在，反映出他文人雅士的孤独。,这样写，既不是作者行文的疏忽，也不是作者有意为之，应该是写实。我们可以这样理解：这只小船是作者租用的，小船上的两三人，可能是两个舟子，他们靠出租小船为生，并无心观雪。真正想观雪的只有作者，因此作者用了一个“独”字，舟子只是陪同而已。,2.读完本文，你会发现文章题为“湖心亭看雪”，但文章后半部分用近一半的笔墨写人，对此，你有何看法？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
22、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
23、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文章的标题是“湖心亭看雪”，人们很容易产生一种定式思维：看雪就是写雪景。但这篇文章却用了近一半的篇幅来写人，写奇遇，写饮酒，抒感慨，丰富了文章内涵。绘景写人，相映
24、成趣，西湖的雪景因为有了人的活动而更具有魅力。作者的文章写景，同时也写观赏景物的人以及感受，而点睛之笔，往往在此。,本文描写了湖心亭悠远脱俗的雪景，叙述了作者在湖心亭的奇遇，表达了作者痴迷于天人合一的山水之乐，痴迷于世俗 之外的闲情雅致。,湖心亭看雪,雪天奇遇 痴迷山水,赏雪,雾凇沆砀 天云山水 湖上影子,奇,奇遇,两人对坐 三人同饮,痴,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
25、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
26、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.运用白描手法，生动传神。,白描手法就是文字简练单纯，不加渲染烘托，寥寥几笔勾勒出事物形神的一种写作手法。全文一百多字，写湖、写雪、写人，又交代游湖的始末，文字极其简练。,如本文中的“惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点，与余舟一芥、舟中人两三粒而已”，“一痕”“一点”
27、“一芥”“两三粒”，宛如中国画中的写意山水，寥寥几笔就描绘出景物的形与神，长与短，点与线，多与少，大与小，动与静，简洁概括，人与自然共同构成富有意境的艺术画面，悠远脱俗，物我合一。,2.写景、叙事、抒情有机结合。,叙事是行文的线索，作者用极简省的笔墨叙述了自己的游踪，然后抓住夜色中雪景的特点，把景物最打动人的地方表现出来，景中含情。湖心亭巧遇虽属叙事，但重在抒情。因意外遇到两个赏雪人而惊喜，短暂的相遇都很畅快，随之而来的分别不免伤感，但遇到志趣相投的人又让他释然。情绪的变化都与“看雪”有关，是“看雪”行踪的延伸。由从景的角度写景转变为从人的角度写景，将人与景有机地结合起来。,西湖的传说 相传在
28、很久很久以前，天上的玉龙和金凤在银河边的仙岛上找到了一块白玉，他们一起琢磨了许多年，白玉就变成了一颗璀璨的明珠，这颗宝珠的珠光照到哪里，哪里的树木就常青，百花就盛开。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
29、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,但是后来这颗宝珠被王母娘娘发现了，王母娘娘就派天兵天将把宝珠抢走，玉龙和金凤赶去索珠，王母不肯，于是就发生了争抢，王母的手一松，明珠就降落到人间，变成了波光粼粼的西湖，玉龙和金凤也随之下凡，变成了玉龙山（即玉皇山）和凤凰山，永远守护着西湖。,1.朗读课文，说说你的感悟。 2.请同学们搜集有关写雪的文章与本课进行比较，说一说各自的特色。,
