人教版八下-Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents -Section A Grammar focus 4a—4c-ppt课件-(含教案+视频)-市级优课-(编号：b31e4).zip

宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词 或短语作宾语。 I like my teacher.（名词作宾语) I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词短语作宾语） I decide to study hard.（不定式短语作宾语） I know him .（代词作宾语） I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语） She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语） 二、宾语从句三要素 连 接 词 时 态 语 序 （一）连接词 1. that 2. whether / if 3. 连接代词 who whose what which 4. 连接副词 when why where how 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略 e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来） 2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们） 3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun 一、由 that 引导的宾语从句 二、由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园） 2. Ask him _. （他是否能来） 3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨 ） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not 三、由连接代词what, who, whose, which及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句 when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late who could answer the question whose grade is the best in the class 1. He asks _. (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁） 3. He asked _. （谁的成绩是班上最好的） 6. Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会） 7. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿） 8. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站 ） 9. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了） who they are waiting for 连接词 n( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 3 I hardly understand _ he told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 4 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when ( ) 5 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how ( ) 6 He asked me _told me the accident. A what B which C who D whose A C B B A C （二）语序：陈述句语序 即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分） 练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序 ： Where should I go? Why do I feel tired in class? Which club will I join next term? Where I should go. Why I feel tired in class. Which club I will join next term. 陈述句语序 ( ) 1.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D where n( ) 2.She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it n( ) 5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after ( ) 6 Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing D B A C n（三）时态 (时态一致性） n1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是 _时态。 I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow. nDo you know when Mr. Smith moved here? 任 何 n2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相 应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时等 ）。例如： nHe told me that he went to Beijing in 2012. nHe said that he was doing homework last night. 过去 如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理，其时 态常用一般现在时 时态一致性 n( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take n( ) 2 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are n( ) 3 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may n( ) 4 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. travel A C B C 宾语从句三要素 引导词 that（陈述句 ） ifwhether（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句 ) 时态 主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态 主句为一般过去时 从句 一般过去时 过去进行时 语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序 客观真理 自然现象 公式定理 名言警句 时态不变 一般现在时 他下车问这位女子发生了什么。 He got off and asked the woman what happened. 她说这个老人有心脏病，应该去医院 。 She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 王先生知道他必须动作迅速。 Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. 他告诉乘客们他必须带老人去医院。 He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. Do you know _? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do C B 巩固练习： I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空 。 4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _? A.what Lily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily C 3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada. A.what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C 5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled A C n7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow? n A. if B. why C. what D. which n A 8. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing C II.改错： 1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school. _ Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school. 2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east. _ Father told me the sun always rises in the east. 3.He doesnt know that when she can come back. _ He doesnt know when she can come back. Homework n选择一篇学过的课文，找出其中的宾语从句 n用宾语从句造5个句子 教学内容：教学内容： 宾语从句的定义宾语从句的定义 划出下面的宾语部分 I know him. He runs a big shoe factory. We grow lots of vegetables. He told me the news. I hear that you have passed the examination. 置于动词、介词和形容词（置于动词、介词和形容词（afraid,sure,glad 等）等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的等）等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的 语序必须是陈述语序。语序必须是陈述语序。 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句，如 think, hope, wish, believe ,say ,know ,hear ,tell ,remember ,forget 等，常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised。 He told me（that）he would go to college the next year. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. I am sorry I am late. I am sure I will pass the exam. 宾语从句主要考点梳理宾语从句主要考点梳理 一一.宾语从句中引导词的用法宾语从句中引导词的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which ,whoever, whatever, whichever 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 （一）（一）that 引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合 that 可以省略）可以省略） 可跟可跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有：从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。 例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 注意事项：注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否 定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that. 在以下情况中在以下情况中 that 不能省略不能省略 1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。 例句例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 2.当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。 例句例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3.当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 不可省。 例句例句：I cant tell him that his mother died. 注意事项注意事项：如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语 it. 例句例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. （二）由（二）由 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由 whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句 要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中 whether 与 if 可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下 if 与 whether 是不能互换的。 例例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 只能只能用 whether，不能用，不能用 if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 1.直接与 or not 连用时 例句例句：I cant say whether or not they can come on time. 2.在带 to 的不定式前 例句例句：We decided whether to walk there. 3.在介词的后面 例句例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film. Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 只能用只能用 if 不能用不能用whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. （三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序：连接代词/ 副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。 英语中的连接代词有：英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what，在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。如： 例句：例句：Do you know who will come this afternoon ? (作主语) Did you hear what she said ? （作宾语） I dont know whose that is . （作表语） Could you tell me which gate we have to go to ? （作定语） Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?（作宾语） 英语中的连接副词有：英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 例句：例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. Can you tell me how I get to the post office ? We didnt know when she would come back . 二二.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态 1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例句例句： She says that she is a student. She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She says that she has finished her homework already. She says that she can sing a song in English. I hear he was here yesterday. Could you tell me what you were doing at eight last night? 2、主句是过去时态，从句需改为相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改为一般过去时，现在进行时改为过去进行时，一、主句是过去时态，从句需改为相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改为一般过去时，现在进行时改为过去进行时，一 般将来时改成过去将来时，现在完成时和一般过去时改为过去完成时。般将来时改成过去将来时，现在完成时和一般过去时改为过去完成时。 She said that she was a student. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. She said that she had finished her homework already. She said that she could sing a song in English. She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3、如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。 She said she came to work here in 1998. The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1923. 4、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country. The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 5、委婉语气、委婉语气 Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，并不表示过去常按照一般现在时处理。是用来征询对方的意见，并不表示过去常按照一般现在时处理。 Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 三三.特殊疑问句变宾语从句五注意特殊疑问句变宾语从句五注意 1、在引导词上，要将疑问代词或疑问副词变为连接代词或连接副词，引导宾语从句。如：、在引导词上，要将疑问代词或疑问副词变为连接代词或连接副词，引导宾语从句。如： Whose bike is this ? Does anybody know ? Does anybody know whose bike this is ? 2、宾语从句的时态与主句的时态保持一致。如：、宾语从句的时态与主句的时态保持一致。如： When the train will arrive ? He asked me . He asked me when the train would arrive . 3、在语序上，要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。如：、在语序上，要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。如： Which one do you like best ? She asked me . She asked me which one I liked best . 注意注意 疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是 do / does / did , 变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语时词再根据时态作相变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语时词再根据时态作相 应的变化。应的变化。 4、特殊疑问句词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）、特殊疑问句词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化） 。如：。如： Who can answer the question ? The teacher asked . The teacher asked who could answer the question . 5、特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：、特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式： 如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。如：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。如： I dont know when we shall start tomorrow . Do you know when we shall start tomorrow ? 课堂练习课堂练习 填空题 I hear (that) _. 一小时后他会回来 He said (that) _. 他非常想念我们 The teacher told us (that) _.地球围着太阳转 Whether /if 引导的宾语从句 Will they plant trees tomorrow? I dont know_. Have you seen him before? I cant remember_. Does he need to come early? He asks_. If 与whether 的区别 I dont know _ he will come or not. It depends on _ it will be fine. He wondered _ to stay here the next week. 选择题 1. -Do you know_ now? -In the Peoples Hotel. A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked 2. Could you tell me _? A. where can I buy this kind of CD player B. where could I buy this kind of CD player C. I can buy this kind of CD player where D. where I can buy this kind of CD player 3. - Could you tell us how long _? -About three days. A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last 4. Would you please tell me _? Id like to visit you sometime next week. A. where he comes from B. where do you come from C. where you live D. where do you live 5. You must remember _. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said 6. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 7. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 8. The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. Are 9. She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 10. Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 综合练习综合练习 1. I asked the little girl _ so that I could take her home. A.where did she live B. where she lived C. where does she live D. how she lived 2. My friend asked me _. A.where was I from B. that the earth is round C. when did I come back D. not to be so angry 3. I want to know _. A.how much is the computer B. how much does the computer cost C. how much you spent on the computer D. how much did you pay for the computer 4. I know they are on holiday, but I dont know _. A.where have they been B. where are they C. where are they from D. where they have gone 5. Why didnt your sister come to the party last night? I dont know _. A.why didnt she B. why she didnt C. why did she D. why she did 6. Can you tell me _ ? A.which room I can live in B. which room can I live in C. which room I can live D. which room can I live 7. Could you tell me what _ this time yesterday? Er, I was playing basketball at school. A.are you doing B. you are doing C. were you doing D. you were doing 8. Do you know _ to go to London by air? A.how much does it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it cost D. how much it costs 9. Could you tell me when _ ? In an hour. A.the train left B. will the train leave C. the train will leave D. the train has left 10. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 11. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 12. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 13. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 14. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 15. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 16. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 17. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 18. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 19. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 按要求转换句型。按要求转换句型。 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in Chi