1、Discovering Useful Structures Grammar of this Unit The ing form the adverbial and the object complement Discovering Useful Structures Discovering Useful Structures 1. her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. 2. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a priva
2、te clinic. 3.The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 1 Read the sentences below and discuss the function and meaning of each ing form. 作状语作状语作状语作状语 作宾补作宾补 Can you find more examples from the unit? 1. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to p
3、rovide medical care. 2. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. 作状语作状语 作宾补作宾补 =People saw her riding a donkey -ing 时态和语态时态和语态 主主 动动被被 动动 一般一般 完成完成 否定式否定式 doingbeing done having donehaving been done n
4、ot+-ing / not+having done Learning the structure of ing form 1. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 2. Having done the work, he went home. 3. Having been invited to the party, Tom attended it happily. 4. Being rebuilt, the library now is closed to the public. 表主动进行表主动进行表主动完成
5、表主动完成 表被动完成表被动完成 表被动进行表被动进行 Observe the following sentences and pay attention to the red parts. 1. Walking in the street, I met Tom. 2. Being poor, he couldnt afford a bike. 3. A tall tree fell, blocking the street. 4. Using your head, youll find a way. 5. Getting up early, he was late for class. 6.
6、 He earns a living driving a truck. 7. He sat in the chair watching TV. ing used as the Adverbial 原因原因 结果结果 条件条件 让步让步 方式方式 伴随伴随 时间时间 2. Because he was poor, he couldnt afford a bike. 3. A tall tree fell and blocked the street. 4. If you use your head, youll find a way. 5. Though he got up early, he
7、was late for class. 6. He earns a living by driving a truck. 7. He sat in the chair and watched TV. 1. When I was walking in the street, I met Tom. 1) 为使动词为使动词-ing作状语所表达的作状语所表达的 时间时间;条件条件;让步等更明确让步等更明确,可在动词可在动词 -ing形式前加上适当的连词形式前加上适当的连词 (when, while, though, unless, if, even if等等) 特别提醒特别提醒 1.吃饭时不要说话。吃
8、饭时不要说话。 Dont talk while having dinner. 2.一旦失去这次机会你一旦失去这次机会你 就就很难找回。很难找回。 Once losing this chance, you cant easily find it. 2) 动词动词-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,其逻其逻 辑主语必须与句子的主语一致辑主语必须与句子的主语一致. Looking out of the window, the garden was beautiful. Looking out of the window, we found the garden beautiful. 她看书的时候她看书
9、的时候,电话铃响了。电话铃响了。 While reading the book, the telephone rang. reading的动作不是的动作不是the telephone发出发出的的 While she was reading the book, the telephone rang. 1. _ his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. (finish) 2. _ his lessons very hard, he failed the test.(not study) 3). 当当-ing表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作发生在谓
10、语动词动词 之前之前时时,应使用完成式应使用完成式: having done. Having finished Not having studied 1. _ by the teacher, he gave up smoking (criticize). 2. _ by the teacher, she felt very upset (question). 4) 当当-ing与句子的主语存在逻辑上的与句子的主语存在逻辑上的 动宾关系时动宾关系时,-ing分词要用被动形式。分词要用被动形式。 Having been criticized Being questioned 5) 独立独立主格结构
11、主格结构 动词动词-ing作状语时作状语时,当其逻辑主语与主当其逻辑主语与主 句的主语不一致时句的主语不一致时,我们允许其有自己我们允许其有自己 的独立的逻辑主语的独立的逻辑主语,我们把这样的结构我们把这样的结构 称为独立主格结构。称为独立主格结构。 1) Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 2) Time permitting, well visit the Great Wall. 6) Ving 用于某些固定搭配中用于某些固定搭配中, ,表示说话人表示说话人 的态度的态度; ;观点等观点等, ,如如: :generally speaking,
12、 frankly/honestly speaking, judging by/from, considering/seeing, supposing等等 1) Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. 2) Supposing it rains, we will put off the sports meeting. 3) Judging from his accent, he must be from the north. Exercise: . Fill in the blanks. 1. _ (exam), the old
13、 man stood before the X-ray. 2. _ (not invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt. 3. _ (make) several experiments, he drew a conclusion. 4. _ (judge) from the report, the damage was not serious. 5. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed. Being examed Not having been invited Havin
14、g made Judging leaving P18 3 . Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the - ing form. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor. 2. after hearing that many people were dying in the war. 3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught d
15、octors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. 3. He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid. 4. praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. 二、二、-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 1. -ing形式作宾补常放在宾语后形式作宾补常放在宾语后,表正在表正在进行进行, 强调过程或状
16、态强调过程或状态。 1). When we got to the school, we found Tom _ by others. 2). When we got to the school, we found Tom _ (beat) others. 3). When we got to the school, we found Tom _ (beat) black and blue. being beaten beating beaten 2. 当主句转换为被动结构时当主句转换为被动结构时,原来原来作作宾宾 补的补的-ing形式便形式便转换为主语补足转换为主语补足语语. 1) 我们听到他
17、在隔壁房间唱歌。我们听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 We heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 2)我们我们千万不能让他们等。千万不能让他们等。 We mustnt keep them waiting. = They mustnt be kept waiting. 3.接接-ing形式作宾补的几类动词形式作宾补的几类动词: 感官动词感官动词 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。等。 1. W
18、e saw a light burning in the window. 2. I felt someone patting me on the back. 3. Can you smell anything burning? 4. I noticed the old man being looked after. 5. Listen to the birds singing. 使役使役动词动词: have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等等. 1. I wont have you doing that. 2. This set me thinking. 3. Im
19、 sorry to have kept you waiting. 4. I cant get the clock going again. 5. You wont catch me doing that again. 6. He walked off and left me sitting there alone. 在在 with的复合结构中的复合结构中 1. I couldnt do my homework with the noise _ (go) on outside. 2. With so many people _ (look) at her, she felt nervous. g
20、oing looking 1. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, _ (say) that I had a talent for football. 2. Nervously _ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 3. As the box was too heavy to move, I left it _ (lie) on the ground. saying facing
21、lying . Fill in the blanks. P18 2 feel want face smile return worry hear knock 1. _ that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital. 2. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour _ about him. 3. I saw her whispering something into his ear, ob
22、viously not _ to be heard. 4. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone _ at his door. Hearing worrying wanting knocking feel want face smile return worry hear knock 5. _ higher import export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive. 6. _ from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. 7. The child lay on her mothers lap, _ sweetly. 8. _ hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. Facing Returning smiling Feeling
