1、UNIT 3 语法复习 一现在分词做表语和定语 二现在分词作宾语补足语和状语 三不定式作定语和状语 四省略语法中的状语从句的省略 英语中几种成分的解释 l 表语；是指说明主语的身份，性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句。不定式可 来充当，它常位于系动词(be)之后。 l 定语；是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 现在分词可以 作定语。 汉语中常用的表示。 l 状语：一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，说明地点、时间、原因、 目的、结果、条件、方式等概念。 l 宾语补足语；指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一 个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简
2、称宾补。 一 现在分词做表语和定语 一动词现在分词具有形容词的特征,表示主语的 _（师说12） e.g. The news is _(shock). My trip to Beijing was far more _(interest). 二动词现在分词作定语表示所修饰词的_(师说12） e.g. The girl _(gather) at the school gate is my daughter. A _(sleep) boy is so cute that every one likes him. 三现在分词作定语表示与所修饰的名词构成_的关系. 二 现在分词作宾语补足语和状语 1 ,
3、 1, v-ing 作宾语补足语时，宾语和宾补之间是_的关系,它主要用于两类动词后做宾语补足语，构成： _ _ +宾语+宾补（师说30） e.g. She heard someone _(talk) in the next room. We kept the fire_(burn) all night long. Tom has his leg _(break) while playing football. 2, 动词现在分词作状语可以表示_（师说31） e.g. _(read）the book,he nodded from time to time. _(respect) his fath
4、er, he didnt want to argue with him. His father died, _(leave）him alone. They stood there ,_(watch) the stars in the sky. 三 不定式作定语 1, _，_，_ ,_ 等词后，与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系时，常 用不定式作定语。 she is always the first_(arrive) at the school. As far as Im concerned, Mr Smith is the very man _(be) your interpreter. 2, 修饰_
5、时，常用不定式作定语。 way, idea, hope, wish, dream, fact, chance, plan, intention, ability, excuse, promise等 The best way _(strengthen) willpower is to make it into a habit. Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream _(explore) space. 四 不定式作状语 一做结果状语。 _（足够做） ; _（太而不能）； _ (如此.以至于.） The
6、box is too small _(hold)all these things I walked all the way from home to the library, only _(find)it closed. only to find 表示出乎 意料的结果 四 不定式作状语 2. 不定式作原因状语。_结构中，此 类形容词为_。 They were glad _(see)their son taken good care of in the kindergarten. 四 不定式作状语 3.不定式作状语与现在分词作状语的区别： 一to do :_ v-ing:_ 二结果状语： to
7、do _ v-ing_ 1. While _(read) the book, he nodded from time to time . 2. _(respect) his father ,he didnt want to argue with him. 3. I borrowed some books_(read) during my holiday. 4. He hurried to the railway station ,only_(find) the train had left. 5. He was too tried _(walk). to read to find to wal
8、k reading Respecting 五 省略语法中的状语从句的省略 在when/while等连接的状语从句中，当 _时，则从句 中主语和be动词常被省略， e.g. While _(burn) , wood gives off much smoke. When _(heat），ice can be turned into water. He opened his mouth as if _(say) something. 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用_分词 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成被动关系，则使用_分词 省略句中的谓语动词表示主语的动作尚未发生，则使用_ 综合
9、实践练习 1. It was _(amaze) that our class won first place and our efforts paid off 2. When she was a child, going into hospital was a very_(frighten) thing to her. 3. When _(offer) help,one person often says thank you 4. I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room last day. 5. He took
10、a quick look at her,_(notice) that though she was tiny, she seemed very healthy. amazing frightening offered singing noticing 1. _(know) English well,he translated the article without difficulty. 2. When _(surf) the internet,I downloaded the film. 3. The man was lying on the ground as if seriously_(
11、injure). 4. After _(heat),the ice can be made into water. 5. Many farmers fertilize the crops_(make）them grow more quickly. 6. She took the shoes out of the box and tried them on,only _(find） they dindt fit. 7. He was really honored_(invite) to attend this global meeting. 8. _(ensure) there is no mistake,you must recheck the results got from the experiment. 9. Can you tell us what the best way_(do) the experiment is? Knowing surfing injured heated to make to find to be invited To ensure to do
