1、Discovering useful structures Chelsea Chen 基本词性 Chelsea Chen 常见词性 n.名词 pre.介词 v.动词 pron.代词 conj.连词 adj.形容词 adv.副词 art.冠词 num.数词 interj.感叹词 Vt.及物动词 Vi.不及物动词 V.动词 识别句子成分，从识别谓语入手识别句子成分，从识别谓语入手 谓语前面一般是主语，表示动作的发出者谓语前面一般是主语，表示动作的发出者 谓语（及物动词）后面一般是宾语，表示动谓语（及物动词）后面一般是宾语，表示动 作的承受者，介词后面一般是宾语作的承受者，介词后面一般是宾语 修饰名
2、词或代词的是定语修饰名词或代词的是定语 跟在宾语后面对宾语补充说明的是宾补跟在宾语后面对宾语补充说明的是宾补 跟在系动词后面的是表语跟在系动词后面的是表语 修饰副词或动词或整个句子修饰副词或动词或整个句子的是状语的是状语 对名词或代词解释说明，并处于同等的地位对名词或代词解释说明，并处于同等的地位 的是同位语的是同位语 1.识别句子成分，从识别识别句子成分，从识别谓语谓语入手入手 2.谓语前面一般是谓语前面一般是主语主语，表示动作的发出者，表示动作的发出者 3.谓语（及物动词）后面一般是谓语（及物动词）后面一般是宾语宾语，表示动作的，表示动作的 承受者，介词后面一般是承受者，介词后面一般是宾语
3、宾语 4.跟在宾语后面对宾语补充说明的是跟在宾语后面对宾语补充说明的是宾补宾补 5.跟在系动词后面的是跟在系动词后面的是表语表语 6.修饰名词或代词的是修饰名词或代词的是定语定语 7.修饰副词或动词或整个句子的是修饰副词或动词或整个句子的是状语状语 8.对对名词或代词解释说明，并处于同等的地位的是名词或代词解释说明，并处于同等的地位的是 同位语同位语 谓语动词谓语动词 SV(A) 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (不及物动词不及物动词)+)+（状语）（状语） 不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。 注意：注意：有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、 目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。 例例1 Class b
4、egins. 例例3 Her mother has gone abroad. 例例2 The rain has stopped. 例例4 The red sun rise in the east. 状语修饰动词 状语修饰动词 SVO(A) 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (及物动词及物动词) )+ +宾语宾语+ +（状语）（状语） 此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才 能使句意表达完整。 注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个 及物动词，之后可加宾语。及物动词，之后可加宾语。 例例1 You must listen to your teacher. 例例
5、2 My father arrived in London yesterday. 例例3 He is laughing at the crippled woman. 例例4 Ill write about my football team in my future books. SP 主语主语+ +系动词系动词+ +表语表语 此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整 的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态 的表语，才能表达完整的意思。 例例1 She became a singer. 例例2 My brother is out now. 例例3 Breakfast smells good. SV
6、 IO DO 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (及物动词及物动词) )+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语 例例2 I bought Tom a birthday gift. 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 例例1 I showed her my photos. 间接宾语直接宾语 常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant等 SV DO (to/for) IO 动词动词 + 直接宾语直接
7、宾语 + 介词（介词（to或或for）+ 间接间接 宾语。宾语。 SV IO DO=SV DO (to/for) IO He gave a cup of tea to me. She bought some books for me. Show this house to Mr. Smith. SV DO (to/for) IO 动词动词 + 直接宾语直接宾语 + 介词（介词（to或或for）+ 间接间接 宾语。宾语。 间接宾语放后面时前面要加间接宾语放后面时前面要加to的动词的动词：allow, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe
8、, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。 间接宾语放后面时前面要加间接宾语放后面时前面要加for的动词的动词：buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演 奏), save, sing, spare等。 一般用一般用to多些，用多些，用for的记住常用的记住常用的的 四四个个就行：就行：get, buy, make,cook。 SV DO (to/for) IO 动词动词 + 直接宾语直接宾语 + 介词
9、（介词（to或或for）+ 间接间接 宾语。宾语。 转换句型练习：转换句型练习： 1.I showed him my pictures. 2.I gave my car a wash. 3.I told him that the bus was late. 4.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 5.He brought you a dictionary SVOC 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加 一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。 例例1 I will make you c
10、aptain. 例例2 You should keep the room clean and tidy. 例例3 The engineer made the robort clean the room everyday. 6.There be句型 句型(有有/存在存在.) 1.Theres a lot to explore at senior high school. 2.There is a bird in the tree. 3. There are many apples on the tree. 4. There lived an old man at the foot of the
11、mountain. 注意：be 要与其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致； 可用可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等词代替等词代替be动词。动词。 Read the sentences and analyse the structures. 1 The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. 2 We must act. 3 The maths homework looks easy. 4 The teacher found the classroom empty.
12、SVA SV SVP SVOC Read the sentences and analyse the structures. 5 My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7 There is an English Corner at our school. 8 We had chemistry in the newly built lab. SVIODO SV O There be . SVOA Read the passage and an
13、alyse the structures of the underlined sentences. How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about
14、ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. Theres always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homew
15、ork seem much more fun when you are at sea. 1. That dream has come true! 2. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! 3. They also learn about ships and the sea. SV S V S V A O Answer 4. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. 5. Theres always somethin
16、g exciting to do. 6. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun. S VIODO V O There be . SV P C 并列句并列句 Answer Exercises 1 The country should develop its economy scientifically. 2 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 3 People all over the world speak English. 4 The city lies in the northwest of Hainan Province. 5 Spring is coming. 6 She found it difficult to do the work. SVOA SVOC SVO SVP SV SVOC 1.词性词性 2.句子成分句子成分 3.简单句型简单句型
