1、(Developing ideas) Unit 3 The world of science The short introduction to Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading
2、American author, printer, and publisher, successful diplomat(外交家), creative scientist and inventor. Do you know the famous experiment carried by Benjamin Franklin? His aim? Do you think it is a true story? Read the passage and check your answer. While reading Franklins spirit of scientific explorati
3、on is still considered an inspiration. People are amazed at and inspired by Franklins experiment. Scientists question what really happened in Franklins experiment. Answer:3-1-2 Number the statements to show how peoples attitudes towards Franklins experiment have changed. 1. What is the text mainly a
4、bout? A. The story of Franklins experiment is true or not. B. The aim of Franklins experiment. C. The procedure of Franklins experiment. D. The effect of Franklins experiment. 2. What does the author think have more inspired people? A. The story of Scientists experiments. B. The result of Scientists
5、 experiments. C. The scientists spirit of scientific exploration. D. The fact of scientific exploration. A C 3. What is the effect of the experiment? A. It has introduced generations of children to science. B. It proved that lightning is a form of electricity. C. It is important to establish the tru
6、th. D. All of above. 4. Why do scientists question accepted ideas? A. To find what took place. B. To prove what is true. C. To establish the facts. D. To inspire people to do scientific exploration. D C 根据课文完成短文。根据课文完成短文。 New research suggests that the story (1)_ Franklin did an experiment with ligh
7、tning may be fiction instead of fact. More than one generation of school children has been amazed by his bravery and his (2)_ (science) approach to (3)_ (look) for the truth. However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that Franklins ex
8、periment (4)_ (take) place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. (5)_ detail about the string and the key is true. But (6)_ (science) all agree that if he had (7)_ (actual) touched the key, he that scientificlooking took The scientists actually would certainly have died from
9、the electric shock. Fiction is (8) _(interesting) than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklins spirit of scientific (9)_ (explore) than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved (10)_ experiments and research. more interesting exploration by After reading (1)Do y
10、ou think the stories about some great scientists are true? I think some parts of the stories are true, and some are not, because they dont follow the common sense. (2)What will you learn from the stories about the great scientists? I will learn the scientists spirit of scientific exploration from th
11、e stories. Language points (P32-33) 1.declare 拓展拓展 declare sth. 宣布某事宣布某事 declare that . 宣布宣布/宣告宣告 declare for/against 声明赞成声明赞成/反对反对 declare war on 向向宣战宣战 declare . (to be) . 宣布宣布是是 declare sth. open/closed 宣布某事开始宣布某事开始/结束结束 *Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Father of the United
12、States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. 本杰明本杰明富兰克林富兰克林(1706-1790)是美国的开国元勋之一是美国的开国元勋之一, 他帮助起草了他帮助起草了独立宣言独立宣言。 *The declaration was published in August 1687. 这份宣言是这份宣言是1687年年8月公布的。月公布的。 *These events led to the declaration of war. 这些事件导致了宣战。这些事件导致了宣战。 *Picking up her “Lifetime Achieve
13、ment” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 在领回在领回“终身成就奖终身成就奖”后后, 自豪的艾琳宣布自豪的艾琳宣布, 她没有打算她没有打算 从从事了从从事了36年的事业中退休。年的事业中退休。 *Britain declared war on Germany in 1914. 英国在英国在1914年向德国宣战。年向德国宣战。 2.Apart from providing warmth，what was fire used for? 除了提供温暖之外，火是
14、用来做什么的？ This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes. 除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？ What other sports do you like apart from football? Apart from (care)for her children，she has to take on some heavy timeconsuming housework. 知识拓展知识拓展 apart from具有双重含义，既可以相当于具有双重含义，既可以相当于 except(for)/
15、but，意为，意为“除除以外，没有以外，没有，”又可又可 以相当于以相当于besides/in addition to，意为，意为“除除以外，还有以外，还有 ”。 caring found it difficult think it not right 4.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthe storymay befictioninsteadoffact. 句意：然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构 的，而不是事实。的，而不是事实。 suggest 在句中指在句中指“暗示、表明暗示、表明 ”,其主语往往是其主语往往是 事
16、物，而不是人。事物，而不是人。 例1：The simple house suggested a modest income.（后接名词后接名词） 这座简朴的房子表明（房主的）收入并不高。这座简朴的房子表明（房主的）收入并不高。 例例2：The thought of summer suggests swimming.（后接动名词）后接动名词） 一想到夏天就使人们联想到游泳。一想到夏天就使人们联想到游泳。 suggest用法小结用法小结 1 表表“建议建议” We suggested a visit to the museum the next day. 我们建议明天去参观博物馆。我们建议明天去参
17、观博物馆。（后接名词）（后接名词） I suggested putting off the sports meet. 我建议将运动会延期。（后接动名词）我建议将运动会延期。（后接动名词） She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行。（后接她建议班会不要在星期六举行。（后接that 宾语宾语 从句，从句，that从句用从句用should+动词原形，动词原形，should可可 以以 省略）省略） 1 表表“建议建议” We suggested a visit to the
18、museum the next day. 我们建议明天去参观博物馆。我们建议明天去参观博物馆。（后接名词）（后接名词） I suggested putting off the sports meet. 我建议将运动会延期。（后接动名词）我建议将运动会延期。（后接动名词） She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行。（后接她建议班会不要在星期六举行。（后接that 宾语从句，宾语从句， that从句用从句用should+动词原形，动词原形，should可以可以 省略）省略
19、） 2 表表“提出提出” He suggested a different plan to his boss. 他向老板提出了一个不同的计划。他向老板提出了一个不同的计划。 3 表表“暗示、表明暗示、表明 ” Her pale face suggested bad health. 她脸色苍白她脸色苍白,看来身体不好。（后接名词）看来身体不好。（后接名词） The decision suggested that he might bring his family.（接宾语从句,从句用陈述语气） 这个决定表明他可以把家属带来。这个决定表明他可以把家属带来。 4 用于主语从句用于主语从句It is
20、suggested that. 后面表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句都应后面表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句都应 用用should+动词原形，动词原形，should可以省略。可以省略。 5.He raisedthekitewithapieceof string tiedtoit.A metalkeywasattached tothestring. 句意：句意：他用一根绳子把风筝系起来，一把金属钥他用一根绳子把风筝系起来，一把金属钥 匙挂在绳子上。匙挂在绳子上。 raise vt. 常见搭配有：常见搭配有： raise ones hand （举手）（举手） raise ones voice（
21、提高嗓音）（提高嗓音） raise pigs （养猪）（养猪） raise a child（养孩子）（养孩子） raise money （筹钱）（筹钱） raise wheat （种植小麦）（种植小麦） 6.tie to 把把系在系在上上 tie n. n. 领带（领带（tie a tie 打领带）打领带） tie相关短语相关短语 tie in 结合成一体, 相配, 有联系; tie into 猛击 tie on 保护系绳; 连接上 tie to 依靠, 依赖 例例1 The weather tied him to the house. 天气将他困在家里天气将他困在家里, 不能出去。不能出去。
22、 例例2 Im sorry; Im tied to working in the office. 对不起对不起, 今晚我被拴在办公室工作。今晚我被拴在办公室工作。 例例3 Tie the horse to the tree. 把马拴在那棵树上。把马拴在那棵树上。 7.attach vt.系；贴；连接 A metal key was attached to the string. 一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。 He attached a stamp to the envelope. 他在信封上贴了张邮票。 Theyve attached a number of conditions to the
23、 agreement. 他们在协议上附加了一些条件。 他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。 He attached his horse to a tree and took a nap. 知识拓展 attachment n 附件，依恋 be attached to 固定在；依恋；附属于 attach importance to 重视 8. conduct v. 传导传导(热、电热、电) *A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 一道闪电击中了风筝一道
24、闪电击中了风筝, 电流通过绳子电流通过绳子传到传到钥匙上。钥匙上。 *Most metals can conduct electricity. 大多数金属能大多数金属能导电导电。 *The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 导游导游引导引导我们游览了古城废墟。我们游览了古城废墟。 *Who is conducting the orchestra tonight? 谁谁指挥指挥今晚的管弦乐队呢今晚的管弦乐队呢? 【即学活用】【即学活用】 (1)语法填空语法填空 Conduct me _your teacher. He
25、at losses from the reservoir by heat _ (conduct) cannot be prevented. She knows why the metal is the good _ (conduct). (2)Metal _ _ _than wood. 金属传热性能比木头好。金属传热性能比木头好。 (3)He conducted himself far better than expected. 译译: _。 to conduction conductor conducts heat better 他表现得比预料得要好得多他表现得比预料得要好得多 9.由“mo
26、re than one + 单数名词”或“many a + 单数名词作主语”形式作主语时, 谓语动 词要用单数形式。 More than one student _(pass) the examination up to now. has passed 10. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科学家们 一致认为如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙的话, 他 肯定就被电击致死了。 【句
27、式解构】 本句是主从复合句。其中that. . . the electric shock是that引导的宾语从句; 该从句也是主从复 合句, 其中if Franklin. . . the key是条件状语从句, 该从句及其主句he would certainly have died from the electric shock都使用了虚拟语气。 *If I had got there earlier, I would have met her. 如果我早到那儿, 我就会见到她。 *If I were a bird, I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我
28、是一只小鸟, 我就能在空中飞行。 *If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话, 我就跟他谈谈。 【拓展延伸】【拓展延伸】虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实, 或难以实现的情况或难以实现的情况, 甚至表达彻底相反的概念。甚至表达彻底相反的概念。 此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时, 也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气由句中谓语动词的也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气由句中谓语动词的 特殊形式表示。特殊形式表示。 (1)表示与现在事实
29、相反的情况表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句从句: If+ 主语主语+ did/ were 主句主句: 主语主语+ should/ would/ might/ could do *If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你如果我是你, 我会带把伞。我会带把伞。 (事实事实: 我不可能是你我不可能是你) (2)表示与过去事实相反的情况表示与过去事实相反的情况: 从句从句: If+ 主语主语+ had done 主句主句: 主语主语+ should/would/ might/ could have done *If he had taken my a
30、dvice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的建议的话如果他听我的建议的话, 就不会犯这样的错误了。就不会犯这样的错误了。 (事实事实: 没有听我的建议没有听我的建议) (3)表示与将来事实相反表示与将来事实相反: 从句从句: if+ 主语主语+ were to do if+ 主语主语+ should do if+ 主语主语+did/ were 主句主句: 主语主语+ should/ would/ might/ could do *If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her
31、about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话如果她下周一来这儿的话, 我就会告诉她这件事的始末。我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 *If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨如果明天下雨, 我们就待在家里。我们就待在家里。 *If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating. 如果下周日下大雪如果下周日下大雪, 我们就去滑冰。我们就去滑冰。 【即学活用】【即学活用】 (1) She _if she hadnt allowed herself so
32、me fun. 她若是没给自己找点乐趣的话她若是没给自己找点乐趣的话, 早就崩溃了。早就崩溃了。 (2)_, I would start looking for another job. 我要是你我要是你, 就会去另找工作了。就会去另找工作了。 would have broken down If I were you 11. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him o
33、n the head. 事实上事实上, 不止一个记载表明不止一个记载表明, 尽管牛顿肯定是受尽管牛顿肯定是受 到一个落下的苹果的启发到一个落下的苹果的启发, 但没有证据表明苹果打中但没有证据表明苹果打中 了他的头部。了他的头部。 【句式解构】【句式解构】 本句是主从复合句。其中本句是主从复合句。其中that while Newton. . . on the head是是that引导的引导的宾语从句宾语从句; 该从句也是主从复该从句也是主从复 合句合句, 其中其中while Newton. . . a falling apple是是while 引导的引导的让步状语从句让步状语从句; that i
34、t hit him on the head是是 that引导的引导的同位语从句。同位语从句。 【即学活用】【即学活用】 (1)语法填空语法填空 She read the _(declare) aloud for everyone to hear it clearly. The students declared _cheating. (2)He had a third examination and _unfit for duty. 他接受了第三次检查他接受了第三次检查, 被告知不宜上班。被告知不宜上班。 declaration against was declared 即学即练即学即练单句语
35、法填空单句语法填空 We should attach importance to_(learn) basic skills. People with disabilities can go anywhere using high-tech cameras _ (attach) to their head. The young boy is studying in the Senior high that is to Shandong University. He_ great importance to learning biology and becomes a scientist as T
36、u Youyou. Everyday he _ some small pieces of paper to his desk where there are many key points from the textbook. learning attached attached attaches attaches 翻译下列句子，并总结翻译下列句子，并总结raise的用法。的用法。 1. He raised his hand to wave. 2. At midnight, the German flag will be raised over the Reichstag. 3. He rai
37、sed himself into a sitting position. 4. The Republic of Ireland is expected to raise interest rates. 5. They raised the money to buy the house and two hundred acres of grounds. 6. He had been consulted and had raised no objections. 7. My mother raised four of us kids virtually singlehandedly. (举起举起) （升起）（升起） （起身，站立）（起身，站立） （增加，提高）（增加，提高） （筹集（筹集 ，募捐，募捐 ） (提出）提出） （养育；抚养（养育；抚养 ） Summary Grasp the spiritual instruction. Remember some words. Homework 1. Finish the test paper. 2. Recite the key words of unit3.
