1、Using language to do 动词不定式可以等于关系代词作主语所引导的定语从句 I have no friend to advise me. = I have no friend who can advise me.(关系代词作主语) 动词不定式也可以等于关系代词作宾语所引导的定语从句。但是被修饰的名 词一定要作不定式短语中动词的宾语。否则就要作介词的宾语。 I want something to eat. = I want something which I can eat.(关系代词作宾语) He is a nice man to work for/with. be动词之后以“
2、to + 动词原形”形成的表语,可视为动词不定式作名词,有 时也可视为动词不定式作形容词。 His plan is to build a house here. He is to build a house here. 大家能区分吗? 第一句中to build a house here等于his plan。可以相互调换,也就是说不 定式可以作主语,因此具有名词的特性。 第二句中to build a house here不等于he,不定式是动作,而he是人,是动作 的执行者,两者不等。to build a house here 只能置于is之后作表语,视为 动词不定式作形容词。 be动词之后的动
3、词不定式有以下意义: 表将来:He is to come tomorrow. = He is going to come tomorrow. 表义务:You are to do it. = You should do it. 表可能:My hat was nowhere to be found. =My hat could not be found anywhere. 动词不定式作副词的用法 动词不定式可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。 1.修饰动词。动词不定式修饰动词时,一定要置于该动词之后。 He came(vi.)to see me. 2.修饰形容词,动词不定式修饰形容词一定置于该形容词之后。
4、 He is able(adj.) to handle the problem. 3.修饰副词。同样动词不定式要置于该副词之后。 He is old enough(adv.) to go swimming alone. 注意: 动词不定式修饰动词时,多半表示目的,通常置于动词之后。但也可 置于主语之前,以逗号相隔。 He sang a song to please her. =To please her,he sang a song. 但是不定式若要置于主语之前,主语通常是表“人”的名词或代词。若 是物就不可以,如下面的句子: To please her,a song was sung(错)。
5、因为a song是物没有执行please her 的能力。主语必须是有思想的。 分词作定语分词作定语 现在分词作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系， 表示动作正在进行 或经常发生， 也可表示特征。 the falling leaves=the leaves which are falling. the rising sun=the sun which has risen fallen leaves=leaves which have fallen 分词作状语分词作状语 分词作状语在句中可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果， 让步， 方式， 伴随等， 在这种用法中要注意判断分词和逻辑主语的关系， 当分词 与
6、句子主语形成逻辑上的主谓关系时， 用现在分词。 Hearing the news, they got excited. 当分词与句子方语形成逻辑上的动宾关系时， 用过去分词。 Taken around the city, we were impressed by the citys new look. 分词作补语分词作补语 常接分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（see, look at, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel等）， 其中，当分词作补语表示动作正 在进行， 宾语与作补语的分词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词。 I saw them pl
7、aying games on the playground yesterday. 当分词作补语表示完成意义的行为或状态， 或者宾语与作补语的分 词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词 I had my leg broken last week. 1.I saw the ground so fantastically (carpet). 2.I flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the (fall) snow. 3.I can see the children (flatten)their noses against the windo
8、w. 4.He said that many words (describe)nature were being added to the new version of the junior dictionary. 5.The wheat, (pile)in gentle sheaves , waves in every gentle wind that sweeps above it. carpeted falling flattening describing piled practise 6.Yet the growth of business and industry also wid
9、ened the gulf between the rich and the poor, (give)rise to reform movements. 7.I heard him (sing)in the next door. 8.American millionaires rooms were filled with art(import)from Europe. giving singing imported 翻译句子 1.在这里工作了三十年,Haydon搬去了伦敦。(having worked) 答案:Having worked here for thirty years , Hayd
10、on moved to London. 2.谢谢你帮助我的英语。(thank.for.) 答案:Thank you for helping me with my English. 3.画画对我来说很困难。(paint) 答案:Painting is difficult for me. 4.我一直盼望与你相见。(look forward to) 答案:Im looking forward to meeting you. 5.多说无用。(it is no use) 答案:Its no use talking too much. I enjoyed 1. (visit) modern art exh
11、ibitions . I was looking forward to 2.(visit) the Tate Modern Art Gallery in London . I decided 3. (go) there last Saturday . My friend agreed 4. (come) with me . We planned 5.(spend) the whole day there. We planned 6.(meet) at 9 am . My friend promised 7.(be)there on time . However , my friend hate
12、s 8. (get up)early and he arrived an hour late . After half an hour I got tired of 9. (wait) and I 10. (visit) the exhibition alone. visiting visiting to go to cometo spend to meet to be getting up waitingvisited Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. 1 What is the
13、difference between the verbs in bold in sentences (a) and (c)? “Carpeted” in sentence (a) is a past participle used as complement and “flattening” in sentence (c) is a present participle used as complement. 2 In sentence (b), does “to find” indicate purpose or result? In sentence (b), “to find”indic
14、ates result. 3 In sentence (d), does “to watch” indicate purpose or result? What is the function of “falling”? In sentence (d), “to watch” indicates purpose; “falling” is an attributive used to describe the snow. The Lake Poets were a small group of poets 1 (live) in the Lake District of England in
15、the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Lake District, 2 (know) for its beauty, is in the north-west of England. The first of the poets 3 (come) there was Robert Southey, one of the most 4 (respect) poets of his time. He was followed by William Wordsworth, perhaps Britains most 5 _(celebrate) 19
16、th century poet, and then Samuel Coleridge, who had written the 6 (pioneer) work Lyrical Ballads with Wordsworth. Soon, 7 (draw) both by its natural beauty and a desire to be near these famous poets, other poets came 8 (live) in the Lake District. All of these poets were seen as part of the Romantic
17、 Movement. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. living to come / coming respected pioneering drawn to live known celebrated Today, whilst walking along a peaceful river running through a university campus, I was amazed to find find blow go see fall relax enjoy run Loo
18、k at the pictures and complete the travel journal entry with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate. Read the paragraph and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words in bold. 1 What does this paragraph mainly describe? 2 What aspects does the a
19、uthor describe? This paragraph mainly describes the beautiful appearance in the month of August. The author describes the skies, fields, flowers, orchards, trees, wheat and the quality of the light. Sound Colour Shape Action SmellSensatio n loud clear, green, rich, golden blooming, bend, bow, piled,
20、 waving, sweeps, tinges, makes thick clusters, graceful sheaves fresh, sweet- smelling fresh, bleak, gentle, soft, pleasant Put the words in Activity 5 into the boxes. Find out what they are used to describe. Open a dictionary , and youll be surprises to find that there are many more words about nat
21、ure than you would think. There are various ways to describe the things we see in the natural world, no matter whether its a flower, an animal or the rain. For example, there are many ways to describe the different sounds or birds, such as chatter, chirp, cluck, hoot and tweet. These words can help
22、us to write vivid descriptions of nature. Did You Know? Listen to the conversation and answer the questions. 1 What book was the man reading? The man was reading a book called Landmarks. 2 Why was the man annoyed? 3 What was the girls opinion? Listen to the conversation again and correct the mistake
23、s in the mans blog. “annoyed” instead of “confused” “a different opinion from” instead of “the same opinion as” “now missing from” instead of “being added to” “field of grass” instead of “dense forest” “blue flowers” instead of “fruit” “blog” instead of “film” “on computers” instead of “watching TV”
24、 “history” instead of “literature” “new words become as normal to young people as the old ones are to me” instead of “old words become as normal to young people as the new ones are to me” Recently I was reading a book called Landmarks by Robert Macfarlane. What the author wrote made me feel confused
25、. He said that many words describing nature were being added to the new version of the junior dictionary. These are words like “ pasture” and “bluebell”. A “pasture” is a dense forest for cows and horses to eat. “Bluebells” are fruit shaped like bells. The reason why they are doing this is that they
26、 think these words are irrelevant to children, so instead theyve replaced them with terms like “film”. Perhaps the dictionary does have a point, because most children dont get out into nature that much nowadays. They spend all their time watching TV instead. But its a pity. In my opinion, these word
27、s from part of our literature. They add colour to our lives, and shouldnt be lost. My granddaughter has the same opinion as me. She says we are losing old words all the time. And as times change, old words become as normal to young people as the new ones are to me. Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation. such as The main reason , for instance. Two reasons, I think. Consider Giving examplesGiving explanations such as , for instance. Two reasons, I think. The main reason Consider
