1、Unit 3 Grammar and usage Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的词后面。 注意三点： 1. 把从句看成是一个整体，在主句主句中做定语； 2. 其做的是主句中某一个名词或代词的定语； 3. 其对这个名词或代词起到限定修饰或补充说明的作用。 定语从句定义定语从句定义 相关术语相关术语 先行词 被定语从句修饰的那个名词或 代词称为先行词。 注意三点： 1. 被定语从句所限定修饰； 2. 其在主句中； 3. 其词性是名词或代词。 关系词 引导定语从句的关联
2、词称为关 系词。关系词有关系代词和关 系副词。 关系词常有三个作用： 1. 引导定语从句； 2. 代替先行词； 3. 在定语从句定语从句中充当一定成分。 Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1. who指人，在从句从句中经常做主语主语或宾语宾语，且做宾语时，常可省略； The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （做主语） Do you know the girl who is stand
3、ing under the tree? （做主语） The girl (who) you talk to just now is my friend. （做宾语） 2. whom指人，在定语从句中经常充当宾语宾语，常可省略，一般也可用who替代。但在 介词后面只能用whom，且不省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into
4、my office. 3. which指物，在定语从句中经常做主语主语或者宾语宾语，且做宾语时可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (做主语) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. (做宾语) 4. that既可指人也可指物。指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中经常做主语主语、宾语宾语或表语表语，且做宾语时常省略。 The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (做主语，
5、指代人) Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? (做宾语，指代人) The picture that/which is on the wall cost much. (做主语，指代物) Did you see the computer (that/which) I bought yesterday? (做宾语，指代物) 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。 当whose用来指人时，whose= the+名词+of whom/ of whom+the+名词。 He has a friend
6、 whose father is a doctor. = He has a friend the father of whom is a doctor. 当whose用来指物时，whose= the+名词十of which/ of which+the+名词。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 只用that不用which的情况 1. 当先行词为不定代词或者先行词被all, none,
7、 few, little，every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。 There is nothing (that) I can say about it. He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 2.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最 高级修饰时。 This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen. 3.先行词被the only 或the very修饰时。The only thing that we
8、 can do is to ask our teachers help. 只用that不用which的情况 4.先行词为序数词或被序数词修 饰时。 When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall. 5.先行词既包含人又包含物时。They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited. 6.先行词是疑问代词时。Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the ga
9、me? 7.先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句 的表语时。的表语时。 This is no longer the place that it used to be. 只用which不用that的情况 1. 关系词前有介词紧密连接，指 物的只能用介词+which。 He wrote a book in which we could learn about his life. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 介词介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代
10、词引导的限制性定语从句 1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。 The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. 注意：含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者
11、that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用that，不可以省略；关系代词 是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked is my friend. The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. I love my motherland for whose good future I will work hard. 即时练习即时练习 用关系代词或介词用关系代词或介词+关系代词关系代词填空填空 1. The earthquake _shook the city in 1906 was
12、the biggest in American history. 2. We dont know the number of people _lost their homes in the earthquake. 3. The house _they built in 1937 is still in very good condition. 4. The boy _ father is a teacher is very clever. 5. He is the person _ we should learn. 6. The bag _ he put his books is lost. which/that；who/that；which/that/不填；不填；whose；from whom；in/into which Thanks
