1、Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Reading () Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China _(receive) a Nobel Prize, _(award) for her contribution to the fight _ malaria, one of the deadliest_ (disease) in human history. Thanks_ her discovery of qinghaosu, ma
2、laria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of _(survive). Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human histor
3、y. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. _(born) in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu _(study) medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 _1955. _ graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Ch
4、inese Medicine. She completed _(far) training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, _(acquire) a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine _ Western medicine. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduatio
5、n, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Tus education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dyi
6、ng of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure _ the disease. She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria _(treat) and made hundreds of extracts _different herbs. When they failed to produce any _(promise)results, Tu referred to the anci
7、ent books of traditional Chinese medicine again. _(inspire) by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb _ a low temperature in order not to damage _(it) effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 _(fail
8、), she succeeded in making qinghao extract _ could treat malaria in mice. Tus education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medi
9、cal recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu
10、 redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. people dieTu became .intended to .collected .made extracts failed
11、 to .referred to .inspired by . redesigned. tried .not damage.succeeded. 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。 1) The university is known for its language and culture courses _ (intend) for international students. 2) I have no _ (intend) of retiring just yet. 3) I _ as a volunteer in an environmental protection orga
12、nization during the summer holidays 我打算暑假期间在一个环保组织做志愿者。我打算暑假期间在一个环保组织做志愿者。 4)_ as a measure to keep the spread of virus in check, keeping social distance is adopted by many countries. intended intention intend working / to work intended 【拓展拓展】 intention n. 意图意图, 目的目的; 打算打算 have no intention of doing
13、 sth. 无意做某事无意做某事; 不打算做某事不打算做某事 【归纳归纳】 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事打算让某人做某事 intend to do / doing sth. 打算做某事打算做某事 be intended for 打算供打算供之用之用 be intended as 目的是作为目的是作为 Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. refer to: 查阅，参考查阅，参考 eg He gave the speech without referring
14、to his notes. 他他不看讲稿发表了演讲。不看讲稿发表了演讲。 提到，谈及提到，谈及 eg We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 涉及涉及；与；与相关相关 eg The figures refer to our sales in Europe. in/with reference to. 关于关于 However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. Tu an
15、d her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers. They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up. However, it was hard_ (produce) en
16、ough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were _(limit). Tu and her team managed to find solutions_the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs _(use) household water _(contain). They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because
17、 of the poor conditions, _ they never gave up. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and he
18、r team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract _(produce), however, they still faced another problem. The trials _ patients were likely to _ (postpone) because they did not have sufficient _ (safe) data. _ (speed) up the process and ensure
19、its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on _(they)first. Example How do doctors intend to deal with this deadly disease? They intend to close the school at the earliest opportunity. intend v. to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do sth This book is intended
20、 for children. This money is intended to help relieve the burden of economic hardship hitting those in poverty. intended adj. planned or designed for sb/sth _ a measure to keep the spread of virus in check, keeping social distance is adopted by many countries. However, other strategies _ protect vul
21、nerable people are expected to come up soon. Practice Intended as intended to 3. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. (para. 3)
22、experiment n. a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge design an experiment perform an experiment conduct an experiment Many people do not like the idea of conducting experiments on animals. Example experimental adj. based on new ideas, forms or methods
23、 that are used to find out what effect they have 该公司说8个志愿者的测试表明，实验性疫苗 是安全的，能够激起强烈的免疫反应。 The company said a test in 8 volunteers found its experimental vaccine was safe and provoked a strong immune response. Practice 4. However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because r
24、esearch resources were limited. (para. 4) trial n. the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of sb/sth, especially before you make a final decision about them trial Researchers are currently testing 67 vaccines in clinical trials on humans. clinical initial Example She agreed to emp
25、loy me for a trial period. 试用期 We had the machine on trial for a week. 试用 Everyone is expected to stand the trials of adolescence. 考验 The men were arrested but not brought to trial. 审判，审理 Teachers all over the UK are trialing the materials. Many drugs were found by trial and error. 许多科学进步都是在不断摸索中取得的
26、。 Many scientific advances were made by trial and error. Practice trial v. to test the ability, quality or performance of sth to see if it will be effective or successful 5. However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. (para. 4) lim
27、it n. the greatest or smallest amount of sth that is allowed limit You should always keep to the speed limit. In some cases, there is a minimum age limit. timespeed age There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. a point at which sth stops being possible or existing The EU has set strict lim
28、its on levels of pollution. The amount of money you have will limit your choice. stop sth from increasing beyond a particular amount or level Families are limited to four free tickets each. limited adj. not very great in amount or extent Many countries took immediate measures to _ the spread of the
29、COVID-19 pandemic. They set strict _ on the number of people who can gather in public closed area within a _ space. limit limits limited Practice 6. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. (para. 5) be sufficient to do sth These reasons ar
30、e not sufficient to justify the ban. The food is sufficient for everybody to eat. be sufficient for sth be self-sufficient in sth sufficient adj. enough for a particular purpose; as much as you need 7. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria p
31、atients. (para. 6) sth benefit sb sb benefit from/by sth sth be of benefit to sb sth be to ones benefit for the benefit of sb benefit v. to be useful to sb or improve their life in some way sth be beneficial to sb _ people around the world, researchers are working overtime to create a vaccine that w
32、ould bring a permanent end to the coronavirus pandemic. Some people may ask who _ vaccines most. Actually vaccines _ those at risk most. Some researchers believe the _ of vaccines extend beyond prevention of specific disease. Hopefully they will develop more vaccines _ to peoples health in future. For the benefit of benefits from/by benefit/are of benefit to/are beneficial to benefits beneficial Practice Look up in magazines or a reference book to find out more medical terms and try to explain them with noun phrases.
