1、 返回导航 单元核心素养 返回导航 What Does Moral Dilemma Mean? Philosophers as far back as Plato have wrestled near impossible moral questions that test the character of the person making the decision. Today, these questions are known as moral dilemmas. However, centuries of debate still leave many of these dilemm
2、as unsolved. 单元话题导读 返回导航 Definition A moral dilemma is defined as any situation in which the person making the decision experiences a conflict between the moral rightness of a decision and the quality of the results it produces. Many times, these dilemmas involve a morally wrong decision that produc
3、es a desirable result, or vice versa.Other times, moral dilemmas involve a decision in which the person is forced to choose only one of two good things. 返回导航 Historic Examples One classic example of a moral dilemma is the famous 1842 shipwreck in which the captain was forced to choose between throwi
4、ng the weak passengers overboard or letting all the passengers drown. The 1982 movie Sophies Choice portrays another moral dilemma, in which a mother is forced to choose which of her two children would be executed in a concentration camp. 返回导航 Modern Examples A familys difficult decision about wheth
5、er to take a terminally ill loved one off life support is an example of a modern moral dilemma. Other common dilemmas include good Samaritan situations, for example, a passer-by is forced to choose between the convenience of letting a stranger go unaided and the moral obligation to assist someone in
6、 need. 返回导航 道德困境是什么意思？ 早在柏拉图时代，哲学家们就已经努力解决了几乎不可能的道德问 题，这些问题考验着做出决定的人的性格。今天，这些问题被称为道德 困境。然而，几个世纪的争论仍然让许多这些困境没有解决。 定义 道德困境是指决策者在决策的道德正确性和决策制造的结果的质量 之间发生冲突的任何情况。很多时候，这些困境涉及一个道德上错误的 决定，产生一个理想的结果，反之亦然。另一些时候，道德困境涉及一 个决定，在这个决定中，一个人只能选择两件好事中的一件。 返回导航 历史上的例子 道德困境的一个典型例子是1842年那场著名的沉船事故，船长被迫 在把虚弱的乘客扔下船或让所有乘客淹死
7、之间做出选择。1982年的电影 苏菲的选择描绘了另一种道德困境，在这种困境中，一个母亲被迫 选择在集中营处决两个孩子中的哪一个。 返回导航 现代例子 一个家庭对于是否让一个身患绝症的亲人脱离生命支持的艰难决定 就是现代道德困境的一个例子。其他常见的困境包括好心人的处境，例 如，一个过路人被迫在让陌生人独自去的方便和帮助有需要的人的道德 义务之间做出选择。 词海拾贝 1wrestle v摔跤；奋力对付 2shipwreck n海难v船只失事 Section Listening and Speaking， Reading and Thinking 课内要点探究课内要点探究 随堂达标验收随堂达标验收
8、 夯基提能作业夯基提能作业 课前自主预习课前自主预习 返回导航 课前自主预习课前自主预习 返回导航 重点单词 1_ adj.道德的；道义上的 n品行；道德；寓意 2_ n高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 3_ vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图 _ n图表，插图；图解；图示 4_ adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 5_ n结婚；婚姻 _v.结婚，娶，嫁 _ adj.已婚的 moral virtue illustrate illustration precious marriage marry married 返回导航 6_ n大部分；大多数 _ adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修 _ n少数民族；少
9、数 7_ vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚 _ n抱怨；牢骚；投诉 8_ n专业服务费；报酬 9_ vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 _ n反应；回答；回复 10_ n协会；联合会；工会 majority major minority complain complaint fee respond response union 返回导航 11_ n奖学金 12_ vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n租借；租用 13_ n医师；(尤指)内科医生 _ n物理学家 _ adj.身体的；物理的 _ n物理学 14_ n同事；同僚 15_ vt.拒绝接受；不录用 _ n拒绝接受；否决 scholarship hir
10、e physician physicist physical physics colleague reject rejection 返回导航 16_ vt.任命；委派 _ n任命，委派 17_ n诊所；门诊部 _ adj.临床的； 临床诊断的 18_ adj.遥远的 19_ vt.选举；推选 _ n选举；推选；当选 _ n选举人 20_ n十年；十年期 appoint appointment clinic clinical faraway elect election elector decade 返回导航 21_ adv.在别处；去别处 22_ vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 _ n趋势
11、；倾向 23_ vt.发表(作品)；出版 _ n出版人(或机构) 24_ n员工；全体职员 25_ vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出 _ n退休 _ adj.退休的 elsewhere tend tendency publish publisher staff retire retirement retired 返回导航 26_ n节省物；节省；节约 pl.储蓄金；存款 27_ n学前班；幼儿园 28_ n道德原则；法则；原则 29_ adj.被动的；顺从的 30_ vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.使惊吓 _ adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的 _ adj.引起恐慌的 saving kindergar
12、ten principle passive scare scared scary 返回导航 31_ adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的 _ v使变锋利 32_ n保险；保险业 33_ adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的 _ n精力；力量；能源 34_ vt.接替；取代；更换 _ n替换；更换；替代品；替换 sharp sharpen insurance energetic energy replace replacement 返回导航 重点短语 1carry sb._ sth.帮助某人渡过难关 2tend to _ sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3get _ trouble陷入困
13、境；遇到麻烦 4not _. but also.不仅而且 5be famous _因而闻名 6be affected _被影响/感动 7instead _代替；而不是 8would rather _ sth.宁愿做某事 9graduate _从毕业 through do in only for by of do from 返回导航 10because _因为；由于 11_ need of需要 12care _照看；喜欢 13be responsible _对负责 14treat._.把当作 15be known _.作为而闻名 16_ ones own属于某人自己的 17be ready to
14、 _乐意干某事 18not._ more不再 of in for for as as of do any 返回导航 重点句型 1To a person _. 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了 2She responded，“Id _ single to study all my life！” 她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！” 3She immediately became the first woman ever _ as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 她立即成为第一个被
15、聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。 nothing is more precious than their life rather stay to be hired 返回导航 4At times she _ even _ a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。 5Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，_ over 50,000 babies
16、 in her lifetime. 虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中 接生了5万多个孩子。 wasseen riding having delivered 返回导航 课文预读 一、速读文章并补全下面的句子 From the life of Lin Qiaozhi we can draw a conclusion that she is a _ person. determined，selfless and hard-working 返回导航 二、细读文章并完成下面的表格 TimeEvents at five years old Lin Qiaozhi was deep
17、ly 1._ by her mothers death. at age 18She chose to study 2._. at age 26 Lin 3._ from Peking Union Medical College.She became the first woman ever 4._ as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Within six months, she was named a 5._ resident physician. after working for a f
18、ew years She 6._ to study in Europe. affected medicine graduated to be hired chief was sent 返回导航 TimeEvents in 1939Dr Lin 7._ to stay in America. in 1941 Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever 8._ _ director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. A few months later, she opened a 9._. in
19、1954 She was 10._ to the first National Peoples Congress and, over the next several 11._，she held many important positions. on 22 April 1983 Dr Lin died.She 12._ over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. rejected to be appointed private clinic elected decades delivered 返回导航 课内要点探究课内要点探究 返回导航 When I have a
20、 different opinion, I always respect the opinion of the majority. 当我有不同观点时，我总是尊重多数人的观点。 重 点 单 词 1majority n大部分；大多数 返回导航 The majority of the students hold the view that its convenient to go to school by electric bike. 大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很方便。 After all, those who are against the project are in the majo
21、rity. 毕竟，反对这个项目的人占多数。 返回导航 (1)be in the/a majority占多数 a/the majority of的大多数 (2)major v主修 adj.主要的 n主修课程 (3)minor adj.次要的 (4)minority n少数 a/the minority of少数的 be in the/a minority占少数 返回导航 the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 “the majority of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 “the majority of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 返回导航 单句语法填
22、空 The _(major) of the citizens in that region have been affected by the dust. Tom and I have something in common: we both major _ engineering. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _(be) against it. majority in are 返回导航 写出下列句中major的词性及含义 Briefly speaking,
23、smoking is one of the major causes of cancer. _ He majored in history at Stanford._ The major part of the town was ruined by the horrible earthquake. _ English is his major and he has no difficulty communicating with foreigners._ 形容词，主要的 动词，主修 形容词，大的 名词，专业 返回导航 单句写作 One-third of the country is cover
24、ed with grass and _ _ (大多数) the citizens live in tents. In college I _(主修) Natural Science.What was your major? the majority of majored in 返回导航 Im going to complain to the manager about this. 我要就这件事向经理投诉。 We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams. 我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而
25、不是抱怨交通堵塞。 Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk at yesterdays meeting. 贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说在昨天的会上萨拉从不给她说话的机会。 2complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚 返回导航 (1)complain about.抱怨 complain (to sb.) that.(向某人)抱怨 complain to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事 (2)complaint n抱怨 make a complaint to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事
26、 a flood of complaints大量的投诉 返回导航 complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有 explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议)等。 I explained the situation to my bank manager. 我向我的银行经理说明了情况。 返回导航 单句语法填空 Mothers often complain _ their children _ wrestling on the bed. He will complain _ having to do so much paperwork.
27、Why dont you make a _(complain) against your noisy neighbors? toabout about complaint 返回导航 单句写作 She _(向我抱怨说) no one could tell her the feature of the house. We should think how to deal with the problems instead of _ _(抱怨别人的错误) 一句多译 他总是向我抱怨生活有压力。 He is always _ the stressful life. He is always _ the
28、stressful life. complained to me that complaining about others mistakes complaining to me about making a complaint to me about 返回导航 She responded to my letter with a phone call. 她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。 When asked about the companys future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. 当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回
29、答说他依然乐观。 3respond vt.回答；回复 vt.做出反应；回应 返回导航 (1)respond to.(with sth.)回答，回复；对做出反应 respond that.回答说 (2)response n反应；回答；回复 in response to作为对的答复/反应 make a response(to)(对)做出回应/反应 返回导航 respond, answer, reply respond 为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正 式的用词 answer为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词 reply为不及物动词，与answer 用法基本相同
30、，但稍正式一些 返回导航 I asked him his name, but he didnt respond. 我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。 He answered that he did go there last night. 他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。 Its your turn now to reply to these charges. 现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。 返回导航 单句语法填空 (2020河北邢台期末)Devices(设备) that can recognize and respond _ a human voice have been developed
31、. (2018北京改编)Not everyone acts the same in response _ events, and that is why what triggers(引起) one person may or may not trigger another. If you do not understand the question asked at a security checkpoint(安检员), ask the person to repeat his question until you are able to respond _ an accurate answe
32、r. to to with 返回导航 一句多译 卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃他的饭。 Carl didnt _ my question, and carried on with his meal.(respond) Carl _ my question, and carried on with his meal.(response) respond to made/gave no response to 返回导航 完成句子 His illness didnt _ treatment by drugs. 他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。 My mother opened the door _ the
33、 knock, but there was no one outside. 听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。 respond to in response to 返回导航 The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. 基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的想法，谁支 持这一理论就将受到攻击。 4reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用 返回导航 (1)reject ones i
34、dea/suggestion/plan拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划 reject an argument/a decision/an offer拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一 项提议 (2)rejection n拒绝接受；否决 a rejection letter一封回绝信 返回导航 返回导航 reject与refuse reject vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”。 refuse vi.& vt.普通用词，“拒绝”。 refuse sb.sth.拒绝某人某事 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 返回导航 单句语法填空 He _(reject) by the army b
35、ecause of his poor eyesight last year. Although writing a _(reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where its absolutely necessary. was rejected rejection 返回导航 选词填空(reject/refuse) He loves his daughter so much that he can _ her nothing. Ive been _ by all the companies I applied to. I a
36、bsolutely _ to take part in anything thats illegal. When she was sent to a boarding school, she felt _ by her parents. refuse rejected refuse rejected 返回导航 She was appointed(as/to be) monitor at the class meeting. 在班会上她被任命为班长。 She has recently been appointed to the committee. 她最近被任命为委员会的委员。 They app
37、ointed her to take care of that old man. 他们派她去照顾那位老人。 5appoint vt.任命；委派 返回导航 (1)appoint sb.(as/to be)职位某人担任职位 appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 (2)appointment n任命；委派；约定 make/have an appointment with sb.与某人有约 keep/break an appointment守约/违约 (3)appointed adj.约定的；指定的 返回导航 单句语法填空 Salmon, disabled, is attended
38、 throughout her school days by a nurse _(appoint) to guard her. I hate to rush you, but I have another _(appoint) To his joy, he _(appoint) as manager. After all, this represented his ability.And the moment he received the _ (appoint) letter, he called and made an _(appoint) with his former teacher,
39、 for whose help he was grateful. appointed appointment was appointed appointment appointment 返回导航 单句写作 在任何情况下我们都不能失约。 In no case should we fail to _. 这位农业专家仅凭预约才能见到。 The agricultural expert can only be visited _. keep an appointment by appointment 返回导航 She elected an art course because she was inter
40、ested in art. 因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。 Like men, women have the right to elect and to be elected. 妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。 6elect vt.选举；推选 返回导航 elect to do sth.决定做某事 elect sb.as选举某人当 election n选举；推选；当选 We wonder who will win the next election. 我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。 返回导航 单句语法填空 Congratulations! I heard you have be
41、en _(elect) as chairman. An increasing number of people elect _(work) at home. The year 1789 saw the first _(elect) in American history where a majority of people _(elect) George Washington _ the first president. elected to work election electedas 返回导航 单句写作 Who do you think will _(在下次选举中获 胜)? Faced
42、with their failure in _(第一 轮选举) the party didnt lose heart. win the next election the first round of the election 返回导航 I tend to go to bed late and get up early in summer. 夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。 She spends her spare time tending her old mother. 她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。 7tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 返回导航 tend to do sth.
43、易于做某事；往往会发生某事 tend to/towards sth.趋向，倾向 tend (to) sb./sth.(look after sb./sth.)照顾/护理 tendency n倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向 返回导航 单句语法填空 Typically, people tend _(make) mistakes when tired. The nurses were tending _ those injured by firecracker. I have a tendency _(talk) too much when nervo
44、us. The modern furniture designs tend _ simplicity. to make to to talk towards 返回导航 完成句子 The sort of music he listens to varies, but _ popular music. 他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。 She _ get angry when people oppose to her plan. 别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。 The nurse skillfully _ their wounds. 那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。 tends towa
45、rds tends to tended 返回导航 Most people retire at 60. 大多数人在60岁时退休。 She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health. 由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。 After lunch, he retired to his study. 午饭后他去了书房。 8retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处) 返回导航 (1)retire from.从退休(役)/退出 (2)retired adj.已退职的；已退休的 (3)ret
46、irement n退休；退职 返回导航 单句语法填空 After he _(retire) from office, Tom took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest. When the world-famous tennis player announced her _ (retire), she couldnt help crying. retired retirement 返回导航 He has agreed to struggle on, though he hopes to retire _ his position.
47、They will hold a party in celebration of her _(retire) The other day a _(retire) couple came to my office. from retirement retired 返回导航 Schools try to teach children a set of principles. 学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。 They agreed to the plan only in principle. 他们只是原则上同意那个计划。 9principle n道德原则；法则；原则 返回导航 in princip
48、le 原则上；理论上 stick to ones principles坚持原则 be against ones principles违背某人的原则 as a matter of principle作为原则问题 返回导航 单句语法填空 Despite the variety of injuries, several _(principle) of first aid can apply to all emergencies. 单句写作 Anyway, I cant cheat in the examsits _ (违背我的原则) _(原则上), the new software should m
49、ake the accounting system a lot simpler. Though poor, he still _(坚持他的原则) principles against my principles In principle sticks to his principles 返回导航 The terrible sounds scared the children. 可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。 He doesnt scare easily. 他不轻易害怕。 10scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 返回导航 (1)scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死 scare
50、sb.away/off把某人吓跑 scare sb.into/out of (doing) sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事 It scares sb.to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事 返回导航 (2)scared adj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened) be scared of.害怕/担心 be scared to death吓得要死 be scared of doing sth./to do sth.害怕做某事 be scared that.害怕 (3)scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的 返回导航 We were scared to death when
