1、译林牛津（2020）高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 The art of painting 课文及译文 First impressions 第一印象 3 3 JuneJune 六月六月 3 3 日日 Paris,Paris, FranceFrance 法国巴黎法国巴黎 AsAs a a hugehuge artart fan,fan, I I knewknew exactlyexactly whatwhat I I waswas lookinglooking forwardforward toto mostmost aboutabout mymy triptrip toto Paris
2、:visitingParis:visiting thethe MuseeMusee d dOrsay.Orsay. HousedHoused inin anan oldold railwayrailway building,building, thisthis world-famousworld-famous artart museummuseum featuresfeatures somesome ofof thethe best-knownbest-known paintingspaintings fromfrom thethe ImpressionistImpressionist mov
3、ementmovement ofof thethe 1919 thth century.century. 作为一个狂热的艺术家作为一个狂热的艺术家， 我非常清楚自己此次巴黎之旅最期待的我非常清楚自己此次巴黎之旅最期待的 是什么是什么-参观奥赛博物馆。这家世界闻名的艺术博物馆设在参观奥赛博物馆。这家世界闻名的艺术博物馆设在 一座古老的铁路建筑里，以一座古老的铁路建筑里，以 1919 世纪印象派运动时期一些最著名世纪印象派运动时期一些最著名 的画作为特色。的画作为特色。 AsAs I I wanderedwandered throughthrough thethe ImpressionistImp
4、ressionist gallery,gallery, I I appreciatedappreciated masterpiecesmasterpieces likelikeTheThe BalletBallet ClassClass andand TheThe CardCard PlayersPlayers. . EvenEven thoughthough I I hadhad admiredadmired themthem hundredshundreds ofof timestimes onon mymy computercomputer screen,screen, nothingn
5、othing couldcould havehave preparedprepared meme forfor thethe wonderwonder I I feltfelt whenwhen I I finallyfinally laidlaid eyeseyes onon thethe realreal thing.Whilething.While itit waswas hardhard toto pickpick a a favouritefavourite paintingpainting outout ofof soso manymany amazingamazing works
6、,theworks,the artistsartists whowho mademade thethe deepestdeepest impressionimpression onon meme werewere twotwo ofof thethe greatestgreatest ImpressionistImpressionist painters,painters, ClaudeClaude MonetMonet andand Pierre-AugustePierre-Auguste Renoir.Renoir. 漫步于印象派展馆漫步于印象派展馆，我欣赏着像我欣赏着像舞蹈课舞蹈课和和玩
7、纸牌者玩纸牌者这样这样 的杰作的杰作。 尽管我在电脑屏幕上已经欣赏过数百次尽管我在电脑屏幕上已经欣赏过数百次， 但当我终于亲但当我终于亲 眼见到实物时眼见到实物时，还是觉得猝不及防还是觉得猝不及防，惊叹不已惊叹不已。虽然从这么多令虽然从这么多令 人称奇的作品中很难选出一幅最喜欢的人称奇的作品中很难选出一幅最喜欢的， 但两位伟大的印象派画但两位伟大的印象派画 家给我留下了深刻的印象家给我留下了深刻的印象-克劳德克劳德 莫奈和皮埃尔莫奈和皮埃尔- -奥古斯特奥古斯特 雷雷 诺阿。诺阿。 I I couldcould seesee fromfrom MonetMonets s worksworks
8、thatthat hehe waswas greatlygreatly inspiredinspired byby nature.nature. InIn thethe lastlast threethree decadesdecades ofof hishis lifelife hehe paintedpainted mostlymostly scenesscenes fromfrom hishis garden.garden. OneOne ofof thesethese scenesscenes isis shownshown inin thethe famousfamous piece
9、pieceBlueBlue WaterWater LiliesLilies, , whichwhich I I studiedstudied forfor quitequite a a whilewhile inin thethe gallery.Igallery.I couldncouldn t t believebelieve itit whenwhen I I heardheard hehe diddid aroundaround 250250 paintingspaintings ofof thethe samesame waterwater lilylily pond,pond, a
10、llall inin differentdifferent colourscolours andand styles.styles. ItIt isis amazingamazing thatthat everyevery timetime MonetMonet studiedstudied thisthis simplesimple scene,hescene,he broughtbrought thethe pondponds s beautybeauty toto thethe canvascanvas inin a a uniqueunique way.way. 从莫奈的作品中从莫奈的
11、作品中， 我可以看出他深受大自然的启发我可以看出他深受大自然的启发。 在他生命的在他生命的 最后最后 3030 年里，他画的大多使自家花园的风景，其中一处风景就年里，他画的大多使自家花园的风景，其中一处风景就 展现在他著名的展现在他著名的蓝睡莲蓝睡莲里里，我在展馆里端详了好一阵子我在展馆里端详了好一阵子。当当 听说同一个睡莲池他画了大约听说同一个睡莲池他画了大约 250250 幅画幅画， 每一幅颜色和风格都各每一幅颜色和风格都各 异时异时，我简直难以置信我简直难以置信。令人赞叹的是令人赞叹的是，莫奈每次端详睡莲池这莫奈每次端详睡莲池这 处简单的风景，都以独特的方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。处简单
12、的风景，都以独特的方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。 Renoir,Renoir, I I noticed,noticed, preferredpreferred toto paintpaint scenesscenes ofof everydayeveryday life.life. ForFor me,me, thethe mostmost interestinginteresting ofof hishis paintingspaintings isis hishis 18761876 masterpiecemasterpiece DanceDance atat LeLe MoulinMoul
13、in dede lala GaletteGalette,which,which showsshows lifelife inin a a busybusy neighbourhoodneighbourhood ofof ParisParis onon a a SundaySunday afternoon.Whenafternoon.When I I sawsaw itit upup close,close, I I waswas struckstruck byby thethe smallsmall areasareas ofof lightlight acrossacross thethe
14、painting,painting, andand thethe wayway thethe softsoft edgesedges ofof thethe figuresfigures seemedseemed toto mixmix together.together. ThereTheres s soso muchmuch goinggoing on,on, butbut soso littlelittle clearclear detail.detail. ThisThis effecteffect makesmakes thethe livelylively movementmove
15、ment ofof thethe dancedance almostalmost jumpjump outout atat thethe viewer.viewer. 我注意到我注意到，雷诺阿更喜欢描绘日常生活场景雷诺阿更喜欢描绘日常生活场景。在我看来在我看来，它最有它最有 趣的画作是他趣的画作是他 18761876 年的杰作煎饼魔坊的舞会，这幅画展现年的杰作煎饼魔坊的舞会，这幅画展现 了某个周日下午巴黎一处热闹街区的生活了某个周日下午巴黎一处热闹街区的生活。 近距离观赏近距离观赏， 画布上画布上 遍布着小面积的光斑遍布着小面积的光斑， 人物柔和的轮廓似乎融为一体人物柔和的轮廓似乎融为一体，
16、令我大为令我大为 震撼震撼。画上呈现的内容如此丰富画上呈现的内容如此丰富，但清晰的细节又如此之少但清晰的细节又如此之少。这这 种效果使得舞蹈动作活灵活现，引人注目。种效果使得舞蹈动作活灵活现，引人注目。 AlthoughAlthough thethe paintingspaintings hadhad veryvery differentdifferent settings,settings, itit waswas theirtheir similaritiessimilarities thatthat stayedstayed withwith meme longlong afteraft
17、er I I leftleft thethe MuseeMusee d dOrsay-similaritiesOrsay-similarities whichwhich cancan bebe seenseen throughoutthroughout thethe ImpressionistImpressionists s paintings.paintings. MonetMonet andand Renoir,Renoir, alongalong withwith otherother like-mindedlike-minded artists,artists, soughtsough
18、t liberationliberation fromfrom thethe rulesrules ofof thethe oldold style.Everydaystyle.Everyday subjectsubject mattermatter waswas thethe mainmain focusfocus ofof theirtheir works,works, asas opposedopposed toto thethe historyhistory paintingspaintings thatthat hadhad traditionallytraditionally do
19、minateddominated EuropeanEuropean art.art. TheyThey employedemployed freefree brushworkbrushwork andand usedused colourscolours toto showshow thethe effecteffect ofof lightlight onon things,things, creatingcreating paintingspaintings thatthat werewere farfar lessless realisticrealistic thanthan thet
20、he worksworks thatthat camecame before.before. ToTo me,me, thesethese techniquestechniques areare thethe essenceessence ofof thethe ImpressionistImpressionist viewview ofof art.art. ImpressionistImpressionist artistsartists diddid notnot trytry toto paintpaint everyevery detaildetail inin a a scene-
21、justscene-just a a briefbrief “impressionimpression” theythey hadhad atat thatthat moment,moment, burningburning withwith vividvivid colourscolours andand light,light, beforebefore itit disappeared.disappeared. 尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同， 但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一 段时间里段时间里， 一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似之处一直萦绕着我
22、的却是它们的相似之处-这种相似之这种相似之 处在印象派的画作中随处可见处在印象派的画作中随处可见。 莫奈和雷诺阿莫奈和雷诺阿， 以及其他志趣相以及其他志趣相 投的艺术家投的艺术家， 都力求从之前风格的束缚中挣脱出来都力求从之前风格的束缚中挣脱出来。 印象派的作印象派的作 品主要关注日常主题品主要关注日常主题， 这与传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的历史题材这与传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的历史题材 画作大相径庭画作大相径庭。 他们运用自由的笔法他们运用自由的笔法， 使用色彩来表现光线投射使用色彩来表现光线投射 在物体上的效果在物体上的效果， 创作的画远不如前人之作那么写实创作的画远不如前人之作那么写实。 在我
23、看来在我看来， 这些技巧是印象派艺术观的精髓这些技巧是印象派艺术观的精髓。 印象派画家试图描绘的并非某印象派画家试图描绘的并非某 个场景的所以细节个场景的所以细节-而是他们当时产生的瞬间而是他们当时产生的瞬间“印象印象”，在它消在它消 失之前，迸发着鲜明的光彩。失之前，迸发着鲜明的光彩。 TheThe ImpressionistsImpressionists visionvision inspiredinspired a a wholewhole newnew generationgeneration ofof Post-ImpressionistPost-Impressionist pain
24、terspainters suchsuch asas VincentVincent vanvan GoghGogh andand PaulPaul Gauguin,Gauguin, whosewhose worksworks areare alsoalso displayeddisplayed atat thethe MuseeMusee d dOrsay.Orsay. ItIt isis alsoalso worthyworthy ofof notenote thatthat Post-ImpressionistPost-Impressionist paintepaintersrs were
25、were notnot thethe onlyonly onesones toto bebe influencedinfluenced byby Impressionism-theImpressionism-the movementmovement hashas hadhad a a lastinglasting influenceinfluence onon modernmodern art,art, encouragingencouraging artistsartists toto looklook atat thethe worldworld fromfrom anan entirel
26、yentirely newnew pointpoint ofof view.view. ItIt certainlycertainly leftleft a a lastinglasting impressionimpression onon meme too!too! 印象派的远见卓识启发了新一代的后印象派画家印象派的远见卓识启发了新一代的后印象派画家， 如文森特如文森特 高高 更更，奥赛博物馆有展出他们的作品奥赛博物馆有展出他们的作品。值得注意的是值得注意的是，后印象派画后印象派画 家并不是唯一受印象派影响的群体家并不是唯一受印象派影响的群体-这场运动还对现代艺术产这场运动还对现代艺术产
27、生了持久的影响，鼓励着艺术家们从一个全新的视觉去看待世生了持久的影响，鼓励着艺术家们从一个全新的视觉去看待世 界。当然，这也给我留下了难忘的印象！界。当然，这也给我留下了难忘的印象！ QingmingQingming ScrollScroll清明上河图清明上河图 Zhang Zeduans Qingming Scroll is a masterwork of Chinese art. Painted on a five-metre-long silk scroll, it offers an important insight into life in China in be 12thcent
28、ury. It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing(present-day Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The ancient scroll has survived the test of time remarkably well, and is currently housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing. 张择端的张择端的清明上河图清明上河图是中国艺术的杰作是中国艺术的
29、杰作。此画为五米绢本此画为五米绢本 长卷，它对于我们洞悉长卷，它对于我们洞悉 1212 世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。 人们通常认为人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京画中描绘的城市是汴京（今开封今开封），即北宋的都即北宋的都 城。这幅古老卷历经沧桑依旧完好，现藏于北京故宫博物院。城。这幅古老卷历经沧桑依旧完好，现藏于北京故宫博物院。 The scroll consists of three main sections. The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing
30、, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape,and farmers hard at work. The second section shows the riverbanks and the central bridge alive with activity as boats sail in and out of Bianjing. Civilians can also be seen walking through the city gate in both directions. The third and
31、 final section pictures life inside the city itself.Here, hundreds of people from all walks of life,including butchers, hairdressers and government officials,can be seen going about their daily business. The combination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the p
32、eople of Bianjing. 全画可分为三部分。第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生全画可分为三部分。第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生 活活，重点描绘了农田重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。第二第二 部分则展现了熙熙攘攘的河岸和中心桥，往来京城的船只穿梭部分则展现了熙熙攘攘的河岸和中心桥，往来京城的船只穿梭 着着。城门处能看到进进出出的百姓城门处能看到进进出出的百姓。第三部分第三部分，同时也是最后一同时也是最后一 部分，描绘了城内的生活。我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人部分，描绘了城内的生活。我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人， 肉贩、理发店、官差
33、，都在忙着各自的营生。三部分综合起来肉贩、理发店、官差，都在忙着各自的营生。三部分综合起来， 观者便可对当时汴京人的生活状况有一大致了解。观者便可对当时汴京人的生活状况有一大致了解。 Zhangs amazing artistic techniques is apparent all across the scroll. Using ink on silk,he creates realistic images of scenery,buildings and people,and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective. The most i
34、mpressive aspect of the painting,however, is probably Zhangs precise brushwork. This well-developed ability,as well as the scrolls ambitions size, allows Zhang to show an enormous amount of detail-you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new. 显然显然， 张择端在整幅画中表现了他高妙的艺术技巧张择端在整
35、幅画中表现了他高妙的艺术技巧。 他高超的他高超的 艺术技巧艺术技巧。他施墨于娟他施墨于娟，落笔之处落笔之处，风景风景、建筑建筑、人物人物，无不逼无不逼 真传神真传神，同时展现出透视法的精通同时展现出透视法的精通。不过不过，此画最引人注目之处此画最引人注目之处 是其精准细腻的笔法是其精准细腻的笔法。凭借高超的技艺凭借高超的技艺，以及恢宏的画幅以及恢宏的画幅，画家画家 刻画了海量的细节，哪怕端详几个小时，你还是会有新的发现刻画了海量的细节，哪怕端详几个小时，你还是会有新的发现。 Thanks to all this fine detail, the Qingming Scroll provides
36、 a comprehensive look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty. It reveals a great deal about the 12th- century Chinese customs, clothing, transportation methods, business practices. At first sight, the overall scene of life in the capital city appears peaceful and cheerful. However, some critic sug
37、gest that on closer inspection, the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems. Some boats carrying food do not seem to belong to the government, which suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation. Also in the painting are soldiers who appear
38、 to ignore their duties.There are some less obvious indicators of trouble too. For example, in the centre of the scroll, a boat is in danger of crashing into the bridge. These sorts of details point to a crisis developing in the city. In fact,the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage. A
39、bout twenty years after the painting was completed, it was overthrown. 多亏这些精准的细节多亏这些精准的细节， 清明上河图清明上河图全面展示了北宋时期的全面展示了北宋时期的 生活景象。它透露了生活景象。它透露了 1212 世纪中国在民俗、服饰、交通方式、商世纪中国在民俗、服饰、交通方式、商 业活动业活动，以及诸如庙宇以及诸如庙宇、茶馆茶馆、政府设施等种类繁多的建筑方面政府设施等种类繁多的建筑方面 的诸多细节的诸多细节。咋看上去咋看上去，京城生活总体上安宁而欢愉京城生活总体上安宁而欢愉。然而然而，有有 评论家指出评论家指出，
40、细心观察细心观察， 这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问 题题。 有些运粮船看上去不像官船有些运粮船看上去不像官船， 这意味着官府已失去了对粮食这意味着官府已失去了对粮食 供应和运输的控制供应和运输的控制。 画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守。 此外还有一些此外还有一些 不好的苗头不好的苗头，不太容易觉察不太容易觉察。比如比如，画卷中部有一艘船眼看就要画卷中部有一艘船眼看就要 撞到桥上撞到桥上。 种种细节都预示着某种危机正在京城中酝酿种种细节都预示着某种危机正在京城中酝酿。 事实上事实上， 当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。这幅画完成约当时的北宋王朝
41、已经在走下坡路了。这幅画完成约 2020 年后，北年后，北 宋覆灭。宋覆灭。 Zhangs timeless scroll is an important example of realism in the history of Chinese paintings. Its value is down not only to its great scale, artistic quality and attention to detail, but also to its representation of daily life. Such is its worth that several
42、later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll. Some of these copies are now regarded as precious works of art in their own right. With the Qingming Scroll, Zhang made an outstanding contribution to Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of futu
43、re artists. 张择端这幅不朽之作是中国绘画史上现实主义的重要典范张择端这幅不朽之作是中国绘画史上现实主义的重要典范。 它它 的价值不仅在于画幅宏大的价值不仅在于画幅宏大，艺术性高艺术性高，注重细节注重细节，更在于其对日更在于其对日 常生活的再现常生活的再现。 其价值之高其价值之高， 以至后世有多位皇帝令当时最有才以至后世有多位皇帝令当时最有才 华的画家加以临摹。其中有些摹本现今自身亦被视为艺术珍品华的画家加以临摹。其中有些摹本现今自身亦被视为艺术珍品。 张择端以这幅张择端以这幅清明上河图清明上河图对中国艺术做出了卓越贡献对中国艺术做出了卓越贡献，也深也深 刻影响后世一代又一代的艺术家
44、。刻影响后世一代又一代的艺术家。 The original scroll is still in one piece despite its age, but it is extremely delicate. Because of this ,it is not often displayed to the public. The last time it was on exhibition, crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes.
45、The publics continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll, even after all these centuries, speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art. 尽管年代久远尽管年代久远， 此画原作仍然完好此画原作仍然完好， 但已极为脆弱但已极为脆弱。 有鉴于此有鉴于此， 它很少公开示人它很少公开示人。 上一次展出时上一次展出时， 观众为了这个一睹名画真容的观众为了这个一睹名画真容的 难得机遇难得机遇，不惜排几个小时的队不惜排几个小时的队。甚至在几个世纪之后甚至在几个世纪之后，公众对公众对 清明上河图仍热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史名画的魅力清明上河图仍热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史名画的魅力。
