1、写作园地写作园地 概要写作概要写作辩论类文章的概要辩论类文章的概要 本单元的写作项目是概要写作，写作主题为辩论类文章的概要。在进行此类 概要写作时，要注意的是原文表述的辩论通常是双方观点甚至多方观点，对原文 进行提炼时要注意不要弄混观点。 写作时要注意以下几点： 1提取主要观点。在辩论性的文章中，为了支持自己的观点，说话人通常会 引经据典，对自己想要表达的观点进行论述，所以在写概要时，要注意只提取主 要观点即可。 2不要过于分散要点。要对文章中表达相同的观点进行汇总，不要在相同的 要点中穿插其他要点，否则会显得文章逻辑混乱。 3注意控制文章的字数。即使原文篇幅很长，也要做到准确、凝练的概括写
2、作，不要为了追求全部涵盖而进行不必要的写作。 1开头常用句式 The following is a summary of our conclusions. 现将我们的几点结论综述如下。 I see we have different opinions. 我知道我们有不同的观点。 What follows is a brief summary of the process. 接下来是对该过程的一个简短总结。 2主体段落常用句式 First of all, banks are still afraid to loan. 首先，银行仍然不敢放贷。 This last point is crucial
3、. 最后一点是最关键的。 Others, however, hold the opposite view. 然而，另一些人持相反的观点。 This research/phenomenon arouses different voices/a wide concern. 这种研究/现象引起了不同的声音/广泛的关注。 Views on the issue in question vary from person to person. 对于这个问题，仁者见仁，智者见智。 I was wondering where you stood on the question of space explorat
4、ion. 我想知道你对太空探索的问题怎么看。 3结尾常用句式 However you look at it, its going to cost a lot. 不管你怎么看，它都要花很多钱。 From what have been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that the advantages for outweigh the disadvantages. 从上面所讨论的内容中我们可得出利远大于弊的结论。 On balance, it is a doubleedge sword. 总的来说，它是一把双刃剑。 阅读下面短文，根据其内
5、容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Debates over the benefits of recycling started in 1996 when a writer called John Tierney said “recycling is garbage”. According to him, “Recycling programs offer mainly shortterm benefits to a few related groups while diverting money from real social and environmental problems. It
6、doubles energy consumption and pollution while costing taxpayers more money than dealing with old garbage. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.” Environmental groups were quick to respond to Tierney by issuing reports detailing the benefits of recycling and showing how muni
7、cipal (市政的) recycling programs reduce pollution and the use of resources while decreasing the amount of garbage and the need for landfill spaceall for less, not more, than the cost of regular garbage collection and disposal. But in 2002, New York City, an early municipal recycling pioneer, found tha
8、t is muchpraised recycling program was losing money, so it eliminated glass and plastic recycling. According to the Mayor, the benefits of recycling plastic and glass were outweighed by the pricerecycling cost twice as much as disposal. Meanwhile, low demand for the materials meant that much of it w
9、as ending up in landfills anyway. NYC closed its last landfill and brought in a more efficient system, with more famous service providers than it had used previously. The lessons learned by New York are applicable everywhere. Some early recycling programs waste resources and lead to new trash. But t
10、he situation has improved as cities have gained experience. If managed correctly, recycling programs should cost cities and taxpayers less than garbage disposal for any given amount of material. Even though the benefits of recycling over disposal are various, individuals should keep in mind that it
11、better serves the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recycling even becomes an option. _ _ _ _ _ 精彩范文 In 1996, a writer called John Tierney believed “recycling is garbage”， which resulted in arguments over the advantages of recycling. (要点 1) Then environmental groups immediately reacte
12、d to Tierney by listing the good of recycling. ( 要 点 2) Nevertheless, in 2002, because of the losses of its muchpraised recycling program, New York City canceled glass and plastic recycling. (要点 3) One should remember that it is beneficial to the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recy
13、cling becomes an option. (要点 4) 总评本篇范文要点连接紧凑，要点 1 提出论点，要点 2 点明对此观点的回 应，要点 3、4 分别指出现状和解决措施，全文一气呵成，不失为一篇佳作。 亮点呈现 (1)In 1996, a writer called John Tierney believed “recycling is garbage”， which resulted in arguments over the advantages of recycling. called John Tierney 为过去分 词作后置定语，which 引导非限制性定语从句，使表述更
14、加精准。 (2)because of the losses of its muchpraised recycling program 使用短语 because of “由于，因为”，使句式表达更丰富。 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 With the Internet having become accessible to nearly everyone, its now possible to study and get knowledge on any subject without having to attend a college, or going for
15、 a university course. However, as convenient as it may seem, can learning on your own really be even better than formal education? Perhaps the biggest advantage of being selftaught is that youre able to save a lot of money. Today, to get a degree, one has to spend thousands of dollars on college fee
16、s, books, transportation, etc. However, being selftaught means that you dont have to pay most of these expenses. Youre only required to spend on important books. Besides, its also possible to learn faster on your own, by concentrating on only those areas youre interested in. By being selftaught, you
17、ll be able to avoid unimportant subjects and instead concentrate only on those which are necessary for the field you want to get into. Whats more, unlike a formal education system, there are no set rules when you choose to selfeducate. This lets you manage your study time based on your own convenien
18、ce. However, there are also advantages of formal education. You can get a degree which means youve achieved a level of knowledge in that particular field. Many companies tend to prefer those who have a college degree. So, if you possess a degree, you automatically gain an advantage over other people
19、 while looking for a job. It also offers the student much more in terms of the actual structure of the learning process. These curriculums are designed to impart as complete a level of knowledge on the subject as possible and are based on tried and tested methods. Being formally educated also means
20、that youll get into a college or other similar educational institutions, where you will be guided by learned teachers and other subject experts. Thus, both formal education and selfeducation have their own advantages. No one of these is better than the other. In the end, the choice between the two comes down to individual preferences and personal situation. _ _ _ _ _ 写前导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了自学和正规教育的优点，每 个人应根据个人偏好和个人情况来决定选择哪种教育方式。 精彩范文
