1、 1. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. 介词介词 “to + whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词词farmers。这里。这里to被提到了关系代词前面。被提到了关系代词前面。 事实上，他苗条但强壮的身躯就像他毕生为之奉献的数百事实上，他苗条但强壮的身躯就像他毕生为之奉献的数百 万中国农民一样。万中国农民一样。 devote vt. to use all o
2、r most of your time, effort etc in order to do something or help someone 致力致力，献身，献身，倾注倾注 常用搭配常用搭配 devote . to . 把把用在用在上，为上，为付出付出 devote oneself to . 献身于，致力于，专心于献身于，致力于，专心于 devote ones life / time / energy / attention to e.g. He devoted his energies to writing films. She devoted herself full-time to
3、her business. The meeting will be devoted to health and safety issues. 【拓展拓展】 devoted adj. 献身的；忠实的献身的；忠实的 devotion n. 献身，致力；忠实，热爱献身，致力；忠实，热爱 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。 1) 我叔叔决定把余生献给科学研究。我叔叔决定把余生献给科学研究。 2) 她欣然放弃了兼职工作，全身心地投入到她欣然放弃了兼职工作，全身心地投入到艺术艺术事业中去。事业中去。 My uncle decided to devote the rest of his life to
4、 scientific study. She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself entirely to her art. 2. What concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 主语从句。主语从句。what在此处的意思是在此处的意思是“的事的事” that引导的表语从句。引导的表语从句。 最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏
5、食物。最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 shortage n. a situation in which there is not enough of something that people need 短缺短缺，不足，缺乏，不足，缺乏 e.g. Theres a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps. 3. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. 农民们农民们需要增加他们现有土地上需要增加他们现有土地上农作物的农作物的产量
6、。产量。 boost v. to increase or improve something and make it more successful 促进促进，推动，使兴旺，推动，使兴旺 e.g. The win boosted the teams confidence. boost n. something that gives someone more confidence, or that helps something increase, improve, or become successful 激励激励，帮助；增长，帮助；增长 e.g. The community will get
7、 a boost from a new library. yield v. 1) to produce crops, profits etc; 生产生产；产出；产出 2) to allow yourself to be forced or persuaded to do something or stop having something 屈服；放弃屈服；放弃 e.g. The fruit trees in his orchards yield a large amount of apples and pears every day. We shall never yield to the d
8、ifficulties. yield n. the amount of profits, crops etc that something produces 产量；收益产量；收益 e.g. high yield 高产高产 low yield 低产低产 It will bring you a 6% yield on your investment. Shareholders are expecting a higher yield this year. 4. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of
9、hybrid rice. 袁隆平坚信，在杂交水稻的创造中可以袁隆平坚信，在杂交水稻的创造中可以找到找到答案。答案。 convince vt. to make someone feel certain that something is true 使确信使确信; 使信服使信服 常用搭配常用搭配 convince sb. that 使某人相信使某人相信 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事说服某人做某事 e.g. Ive been trying to convince Jean to come wit
10、h me. Youll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. convinced adj. feeling certain that something is true 确信的，信确信的，信 服的服的 常用搭配常用搭配 be convinced that be convinced of 【语境应用语境应用】用两种搭配翻译句子。用两种搭配翻译句子。 我确信她是无辜的。我确信她是无辜的。 I am convinced that she is innocent. I am convinced of her innocence. 5
11、. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。 assume v. to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof 假定假定，设想，设想 常见结构常见结构 assume +名词名词，assume sb. to be .，assume + that从句从句 e.g. Dont always assume the worst. We cant assume the su
12、spects to be guilty simply because theyve decided to remain silent. 表语表语从句。从句。that在在句中没有意义，只起连接作用，不可省略。在在句中没有意义，只起连接作用，不可省略。 Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 【拓展拓展】 assumption n. 假定，假定，设想设想 e.g. These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise. 这些计算是
13、基于价格将继续上涨的假设。这些计算是基于价格将继续上涨的假设。 【注意注意】 assuming conj.“假设假设为真，假如为真，假如”，引导从句，和引导从句，和 supposing, providing, given that用法相同。用法相同。 e.g. Assuming (that) hes still alive, how old would he be now? 6. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that
14、could be used for farming in 1974. overcome v. to successfully control a feeling or problem; to fight and win against someone or something 克服（困难）；征服，克服（困难）；征服， 战胜战胜 e.g. He struggled to overcome his shyness. China overcame the Netherlands 2-1. 定语从句。先行词是定语从句。先行词是hybrid rice，that在定语从句中作主语。在定语从句中作主语。 【
15、语境应用语境应用】翻译翻译句子。句子。 1) 找找出办法战胜困难出办法战胜困难。 Find a way to overcome your difficulties. 2) 她她终于克服了上课时的羞怯终于克服了上课时的羞怯。 Eventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class. 3) 尤尤文图斯文图斯队队(Juventus)在在这场扣人心弦的比赛中，战胜了这场扣人心弦的比赛中，战胜了 阿贾克斯阿贾克斯队队(Ajax) 。 Juventus overcame Ajax in a thrilling match. 7. This hybri
16、d enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. 这种杂交种使农民能够大幅度增加产量。这种杂交种使农民能够大幅度增加产量。 expand v. 1) to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger; 扩大扩大，增加，增加 2) to open new shops, factories etc; 扩展扩展，发展业务发展业务 3) to give more details about something you have said or
17、written 细谈细谈，详述详述 e.g. Water expands as it freezes. The hotel wants to expand its business by giving a discount. Tom later expanded on his initial statement. 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。 1) Sydneys population expanded rapidly in the 1960s. 2) The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.
18、 3) I repeated the question and waited for her to expand. 悉尼的人口在悉尼的人口在20世纪世纪60年代迅速增长。年代迅速增长。 这家旅馆想增加一个游泳池来扩大业务。这家旅馆想增加一个游泳池来扩大业务。 我重复了这个问题，等她再问。我重复了这个问题，等她再问。 【拓展拓展】 expand on / upon “详述，详细阐明详述，详细阐明”。如：。如： Could you expand on / upon that point, please? 请你详述一下这一点好吗？请你详述一下这一点好吗？ expansion n. 扩大；扩展；扩充物
19、。如：扩大；扩展；扩充物。如： The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems. 城市的快速扩张会引起社会和经济问题城市的快速扩张会引起社会和经济问题。 The novel is an expansion of a short story he wrote about forty years ago. 这部小说是他四十年前写的一篇短篇小说的扩展这部小说是他四十年前写的一篇短篇小说的扩展。 词条词条意思意思 expand范围、体积的扩大、膨胀范围、体积的扩大、膨胀 enlarge面积、体积的扩大面积、体积的
20、扩大 extend长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长 spread 物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸 8. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains, 据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米大约有百分之六十来自据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米大约有百分之六十来自 袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民
21、每年能袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能 够生产出大约两亿吨大米。够生产出大约两亿吨大米。 it是形式主语，后面的是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。从句是真正的主语。 过去分词短语作定语，可转换成定语从句。过去分词短语作定语，可转换成定语从句。 estimate vt. to try to judge the value, size, speed, cost etc of something, without calculating it exactly 估计估计，估算估算 e.g. Scientists estimate that smoking reduces l
22、ife expectancy by around 12 years on average. 科学家估计吸烟缩短寿命平均大约为科学家估计吸烟缩短寿命平均大约为 12 年。年。 estimate n. a calculation of the value, size, amount etc of something 估计估计，估算估算 e.g. The figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate. 数字数字将只有两百万左右，还不到最初估计的一半。将只有两百万左右，还不到最初估计的一半。 do
23、mestic adj. 1) relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries 国内的国内的 2) relating to family relationships and life at home 家庭家庭的，家务事的的，家务事的 e.g. domestic flights 国内航班国内航班 domestic policy 国内政策国内政策 GDP（gross domestic product）国内生产总值国内生产总值 domestic violence 家庭暴力家
24、庭暴力 comprise vt. to consist of particular parts, groups etc.包括包括， 由由构成构成 常见搭配常见搭配 be comprised of 由由组成，包含组成，包含 e.g. The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. The collection is comprised of 230 paintings. 【归纳归纳】 整体整体 部分部分 部分部分整体整体 consist of be made up of make up 9. Given that Y
25、uans hybirds have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. 考虑考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能人们可能认为他会认为他会 退休享受闲适的生活。然而，退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实事实远非如此。远非如此。 1) given prep. 只要是；考虑到；假定；已知只要是；考虑到；假定；已知 given + that 从句从句 考虑到，鉴于，引导条件状语从
26、句。如：考虑到，鉴于，引导条件状语从句。如： Given his age, he is very strong and healthy. Given that the students need more exercise, the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes. 2) far from the case 远非如此，也可以说远非如此，也可以说far from being the case far from sth. 远远不；绝非远远不；绝非 e.g. His work is far from (being) satisfacto
27、ry. 他他的工作一点也不令人满意。的工作一点也不令人满意。 10. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. 事实上事实上，袁隆平在内心深处依然是一个农民。，袁隆平在内心深处依然是一个农民。 deep down 实际上；在心底实际上；在心底 e.g. He tried to behave as an adult, but deep down he was still a child. very much 非常非常；确实；确实是，在是，在文中表示程度，起强调文中表示程度，起强调作用作用 e.g. Kindness is very much a part of her character. Learning English is very much a step-by-step process.
