1、 1、定义、定义 组成句子的各个部分叫做组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分，常包括，常包括主语主语、谓谓 语语（主要由动词充当）（主要由动词充当）、宾语宾语、宾语补足语宾语补足语、表语表语、定语定语 和和状语状语。 1、定义、定义 组成句子的各个部分叫做组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分，常包括，常包括主语主语、谓谓 语语（主要由动词充当）（主要由动词充当）、宾语宾语、宾语补足语宾语补足语、表语表语、定语定语 和和状语状语。 1、定义、定义 2、分类、分类 其中，其中，主语主语、谓语（主要是动词）谓语（主要是动词）、宾语、宾语补足语宾语、宾语补足语 及及表语表语称为称为句子的基本成分。
2、而句子的基本成分。而定语定语及及状语状语称为称为句子的附属句子的附属 成分。成分。 组成句子的各个部分叫做组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分，常包括，常包括主语主语、谓谓 语语（主要由动词充当）（主要由动词充当）、宾语宾语、宾语补足语宾语补足语、表语表语、定语定语 和和状语状语。 1、定义、定义 2、分类、分类 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 主主 语语 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 主主 语语 Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Inf
3、initive 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补
4、宾语宾语(直直sth)宾语宾语(间间sb)Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 表语表语 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 宾语宾语(直直sth)宾语宾语(间间sb)Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive 句子基本成分
5、详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 表语表语 noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc. 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 表语表语 宾语宾语(直直sth)宾语宾语(间间sb)Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 no
6、un adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc. 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 表语表语 宾语宾语(直直sth)宾语宾语(间间sb)Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive be / feel / seem / look appear /become /get / grow / turn go / come/ remain/ keep taste /
7、 smell etc. 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc. 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 表语表语 宾语宾语(直直sth)宾语宾语(间间sb)Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive be / feel / seem / look appear /
8、become /get / grow / turn go / come/ remain/ keep taste / smell etc. noun pronoun adj infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc. 句子基本成分详解句子基本成分详解 句子基本成分句子基本成分 与词类的关系与词类的关系 (一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn l
9、ast class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. (一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in
10、 the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. (一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, h
11、ow about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. (一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting
12、at the gate said he was ill. (一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. (一一)
13、挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. (二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man w
14、as feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject. (二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject. (二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling
15、 very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject. (二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject. (三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to rea
16、d newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lulu sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. (三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked he
17、r to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lulu sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. (三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult
18、 to do the work. They call me Lulu sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. (三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lulu sometimes. I saw Mr
19、Wang get on the bus. (三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lulu sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. (三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She
20、likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lulu sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. English words or word groups can be basically organized into five sentence types accordin
21、g to their grammatical functions Focus on 基本用法基本用法 简单句的五种基本句型：简单句的五种基本句型： 1. 主主+谓谓(不及物动词不及物动词) SV 2. 主主+谓谓(系动词系动词)+表语表语 SVP 3. 主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语 SVO 4. 主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 5. 主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 English words or word groups can be basically organized into five sentence t
22、ypes according to their grammatical functions SVOO SVOC Focus on 基本用法基本用法 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. Read this poem and recognize the sentence types. Spring is coming. Leaves turn gr
23、een. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows
24、eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 谓语谓语 主语主语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 谓语谓语 主语主语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn gr
25、een. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 谓语谓语 主语主语 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 谓语谓语 主语主语 主语主语
26、系动词系动词 表语表语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 主语主语 谓语谓语 主语主语 主语主语 系动词系动词 谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语 表语表语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I
27、 will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 主语主语 谓语谓语 主语主语 主语主语 系动词系动词 谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语 表语表语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 主语主语 谓语谓语 主语主语 主语主语 主语主语 系动词系动词 谓语谓语 谓语谓语宾语宾语 间接间接 宾语宾语 直接宾语直接宾
28、语 状语状语 表语表语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 主语主语 谓语谓语 主语主语 主语主语 主语主语 系动词系动词 谓语谓语 谓语谓语宾语宾语 间接间接 宾语宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 状语状语 表语表语 Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The
29、 spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 主语主语 谓语谓语 主语主语 主语主语 主语主语 主语主语 系动词系动词 谓语谓语 谓语谓语 谓语谓语 表语表语 宾语宾语 间接间接 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 状语状语 动词与动词与“双宾语双宾语” give sb. sth./give sth. to sb. make sb. sth./make sth. for sb. 动词与动词与“双宾语双宾语” give sb. sth./give sth. to sb
30、. make sb. sth./make sth. for sb. 常见的这类结构的动词还有：常见的这类结构的动词还有：send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award等等 动词与动词与“双宾语双宾语” give sb. sth./give sth. to sb. make sb. sth./make sth. for sb. 常见的这类结构的动词还有：常见的这类结构的动词还有：send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass,
31、 lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award等等 常见的这类结构的动词还有：常见的这类结构的动词还有：prepare, buy, order, do, fetch, pick, leave, build, post, get, draw, find, reserve, save等等 Translation. He saw a girl in red get on the bus. He saw a girl in red getting on the bus. Translation. He saw a girl i
32、n red get on the bus. He saw a girl in red getting on the bus. 他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩上车了上车了。 Translation. He saw a girl in red get on the bus. He saw a girl in red getting on the bus. 他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩上车了上车了。 他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩正在上车正在上车。 Translation. He saw a girl in red get on the bus. He saw a girl in
33、 red getting on the bus. 他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩上车了上车了。 他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩正在上车正在上车。 感官动词感官动词等后面既可以接等后面既可以接不带不带to的不定式的不定式作宾补，作宾补， 也可以用也可以用V-ing形式形式作宾补。作宾补。前者前者表示动作表示动作已经结束已经结束， 后者后者表示动作表示动作正在发生正在发生。 简单句的五简单句的五 种基本句型种基本句型 1. 主语主语+谓语谓语(+状状语语) 2. 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语(+状状语语) 3. 主语主语+谓语谓语(系动词系动词)+表语表语 4. 主语主语+谓语谓语+双
34、宾语双宾语 5. 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 Grammar Focus 但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本 句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些 而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是 （adj./adv./num.数词）数词）（主要是介词短语、不定式短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语 和分词短语）还有和分词短语）还有从句从句。我们称之为：。我们称之为： The little boy bought a blue pen yesterday.
