1、 Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good Understand the meanings of restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs Summarize the general rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs Apply restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs to specific situations Write a short paragraph a
2、bout “World Sleep Day” with restrictive relative clauses 定义定义用作定语的从句用作定语的从句 类型类型限制性限制性 定语从句定语从句 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情 况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；从况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；从 句如省去，主句意义不完整或失去句如省去，主句意义不完整或失去 意义。意义。 关系词关系词关系代词关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 等等 关系代词关系代词 that指物和人指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语 which 指物指物在从句中
3、作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语 who 指人指人 在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语 whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语 whose 指人和物指人和物在从句中作定语在从句中作定语 引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词 用关系代词用关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose填空填空。 1. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. 2. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspiratio
4、ns for great inventions. 3. Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. whose that which/that 4. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. 6. The writer and his novels _ you have just tal
5、ked about are quite a hit with me. 7. The first thing _ I want to do is to have a rest. who/whom that that Read the article and complete the following mind map. Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs A. Exploring the rules Sleep problems Symptoms being unable to fall asleep _ in the midd
6、le of the night getting not _ Causes _ from school or work noise pollution and _ Consequences feeling tired and having trouble _ having poor memory, being _ and suffering a heart attack Body development _ Health _ waking up enough sleep pressure light pollution concentrating overweight slows down su
7、ffers dangers to teenagers Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article. The first one has been done for you. Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest? Unfortunately, your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past. A rec
8、ent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems. Some are unable to fall asleep, some wake up in the middle of the night, and others simply do not get enough sleep. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work. Noise pollution and lig
9、ht pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems. In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating. In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. Sleep problems are
10、especially dangerous for teenagers. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not get enough sleep may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers. So, if you have trouble getting a good nights sleep, it might
11、be time to make some changes in your lifestyle. Working out the rules The relative adverb where refers to a place, the relative adverb when refers to _, and the relative adverb why refers to _. In more formal English, the relative adverbs where, when and why can be replaced by “preposition + _” time
12、 reason which 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 定语从句可以由关系副词定语从句可以由关系副词(relative adverbs) when、where、 why引导引导，关系副词在在定语从句中作状语关系副词在在定语从句中作状语。 e.g. He enjoyed the four years when he studied in Suzhou. Thats the cinema where we often go and see films. Compare the following sentences. He will always remember t
13、he day. His mother returned on the day. He will always remember the day when / on which his mother returned. This was the time. She left for Beijing at the time. This was the time when / at which she left for Beijing. We often use the relative adverb when to introduce a restrictive relative clause a
14、fter nouns like time, moment, day, season, year, etc. In formal English, when can sometimes be replaced by “preposition + which”. 用关系副词用关系副词when时，时，先行词指时间先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时在定语从句中作时 间状语，间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+which”。 I still remember the day when I first came to Nanjing. e.g. Mr Black was born in the y
15、ear when World War broke out. = on which = in which The factory is in Shenzhen. He worked in the factory. The factory where / in which he worked in Shenzhen. This is the town. I was born in the town. This is the town where / in which I was born. We often use the relative adverb where to introduce a
16、restrictive relative clause after nouns like place, house, city country, world, etc. In formal English, where can sometimes be replaced by “preposition + which”. 用关系副词用关系副词where时，时，先行词指地点先行词指地点，where在定语从句在定语从句 中作地点状语，中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+which”。 e.g. This is the farm where we worked when we were
17、young. The school where his mother teaches is in the west of the city. = on which = in which I dont know the reason. He didnt come to school yesterday for the reason. I dont know the reason why / for which he didnt come to school yesterday. We often use the relative adverb why to introduce a restric
18、tive relative clause indicating reason. In formal English, why can sometimes be replaced by “preposition + which”. 用关系副词用关系副词why时，时，先行词指原因先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作在定语从句中作 原因状语，原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+ which”。 e.g. There are several reasons why the boys should be punished. Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason
19、 why he was late for school. = for which = for which “介词介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语介词的宾语时时，通常，通常用用“介词介词+ which / whom”来引导定语从句来引导定语从句。 如果如果关系代词指关系代词指“物物”，定语从句常用，定语从句常用“介词介词+ which”引导；引导； 如果关系代词指如果关系代词指 “人人”，定语从句常用，定语从句常用“介词介词+whom”引导。引导。 e.g. Where is the supermarket
20、 in which you bought the juice? Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? 在这类定语从句中，在这类定语从句中，有些介词也可放在从句的末尾有些介词也可放在从句的末尾，此时可，此时可 用用that，which （指物），（指物），who或或whom（指人）来引导定语从（指人）来引导定语从 句句。 e.g. This is the man whom / who / that I referred to. 注意注意： “介词介词+ which / whom”引导定语从句时，引
21、导定语从句时，介词的选择取决于介词的选择取决于 从句中谓语动词的固定搭配、先行词的习惯搭配或句子要表从句中谓语动词的固定搭配、先行词的习惯搭配或句子要表 达的意思达的意思。 关系副词的作用关系副词的作用 连接：连接定语从句和主句连接：连接定语从句和主句 替代：替代：关系副词关系副词=介词介词+which 成分：在定语从句中一般作状语成分：在定语从句中一般作状语 关系副词关系副词先行词先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分 when表时间的名词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语 where表地点的名词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语 why表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原
22、因状语 1. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the PRC was founded.when 用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。 2. The village has developed a lot _ my brother and I learned farming five years ago. where 3. Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. where 4. I dont believe the reason _ he gave me
23、yesterday and thats the reason _ I called him just now. (which/that) why 1. I did not perform well at school last week. The reason was my poor-quality sleep. 2. I miss those days. I used to sleep really well in those days. The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my po
24、or-quality sleep. I miss those days when / in which I used to sleep really well. B Applying the rules B1 Rewrite the following sentences using a relative adverb or “preposition +which”. 3. The hospital is near my home. I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital. 4. I still reme
25、mber that afternoon. That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. The hospital where / in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home. I still remember that afternoon when / on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. B2 The last part of the m
26、agazine article about sleep problems gives tips on how to sleep better. Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + which” where necessary. Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep (1) _we get is important to us. How can we get a better nights sleep
27、? Here are some tips for you. (which/that) Tip 1: Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. This helps set the bodys “clock”. Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too, even though weekends are probably the time (2) _ you feel like a lie-in. when / at which Tip 2: Make
28、 your bedroom a place (3) _ you feel comfortable.Your bedroom needs to be cool, dark and quiet so you can sleep soundly. Tip 3: Avoid drinks(4) _ may keep you from sleeping, such as coffee and tea. where / in which which/that Tip 4: Clear your head of stress and worry from your day before bedtime. T
29、hese negative thoughts are one reason (5) _ you stay awake after the light goes off.why / for which Answer the following questions. 1. What does “stick to your sleep schedule” mean? 2. Why shouldnt we drink coffee or tea before bedtime? Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. Bec
30、ause drinks like coffee or tea will keep us from sleeping. 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空。对比练习：用适当的关系词填空。 1. The house _ she once lived is still there. The house _ she bought is in the city centre. The house _ roof is red belongs to me. The house _ is under repair belongs to my uncle. where (that/which) whose that/
31、which 2. I will remember the day _ we first met. I will always remember the days _ I spent with you in that village. when/on which (that/which) 3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time. The reason _ I dont know is known to her. This is the very reason _ he explained
32、 to me just now. why/for which (that/which) that 将两个句子合并成一个含有定语从句的复合句。将两个句子合并成一个含有定语从句的复合句。 1. Ill never forget those days. I worked together with you. Ill never forget those days when / in which I worked together with you. 2. Jinan is a nice city. It attracts many visitors every year. Jinan is a ni
33、ce city which attracts many visitors every year. 选用正确的关系词填空。选用正确的关系词填空。 1. China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020.新课标全国新课标全国I卷卷) 2. In ancient China lived an artist 61._ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020.
34、新课标全国新课标全国III卷卷) where whose 3. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. (2019江苏卷江苏卷单项填空单项填空) A. which B. what C. when D. that 4. Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天津卷天津卷单项填空单项填空) A. why B. where C. which D. what
35、5. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. (2019新课标新课标卷卷短文改错短文改错) when Read the information about World Sleep Day. Then write a short paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessary. The beginning has been written for you. World Sleep Day Tim
36、eThe Friday of the second full week of March AimslTo make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep lTo draw societys attention to sleep problem ActivitiesDiscussions and talks about the importance of healthy sleep In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become common.
