1、定语: 修饰名词 1. 形容词 作定语： a nice girl. 一个漂亮的女孩 2. 介词短语作定语： the boy in red 穿红衣服的男孩 (短语位于名词后，作后置定语） 3. 名词作定语 two university students 两个大学生 定语: 修饰名词 4. 名词所有格作定语 That is Johns car. 那是约翰的车 5. 现在分词作定语 （表示主动， 动作正在进行） a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的男孩 6. 动名词作定语 （ 说明被修饰名词的用途或作用） a swimming pool 一个游泳池 （说明池子的用途） 定语: 修饰名词 7.
2、 动词不定式作定语 I have a lot of things to do. 我有许多要做的事 以上的定语只能表达简单的，大概的说明被修饰的名词。 要是想更为详细的，具体的，说明被修饰的名词，就出现了定语从句。 I love the girl who has a lot of money. 我爱上了这个富有的女孩。 定语从句=形容词性从句 定义： 一个句子作形容词修饰名词或代词 先行词： 被修饰的名词或代词 关系词： 1. 连接作用，连接主句和从句 2. 关系代词和关系副词 关系代词： 指人： that, who, whom, whose，as 指物: that , which, whose
3、, as 关系副词：when (时间）； where（地点）；why(原因） 定语从句 关系代词： 1. 指示替代先行词 2. 在定语从句中， 作主语，宾语， 定语，表语。作宾语可以省略。 注意： whom 在定语从句中，作介词或动词的宾语。 who =whom 也可做宾语。但介词提前，只能用whom who在定语从句中 作主语 The boy who made a speech just now is my best friend. 定语从句 I have many friends Who/ Whom I can turn to ask for help. who/ whom 作定语从句中动
4、词turn to 的宾语。 注意： 如果介词to 提前, 只能用whom. I have many friends to whom I can turn ask for help. He is the boy with whom I often play . He is the boy whom I often play with. 固定搭配不提前： look after, take care of 定语从句 whose 的用法 whose 与它所修饰的词存在所属关系，在定语从句中的作定语 We must repair the desks whose legs are broken. = We
5、 must repair the desks of which the legs are broken =We must repair the desks the legs of which are broken I love the book whose cover is green. whose = of which +the (指物） whose= of whom +the （指人） 定语从句 which 的用法 The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us pleasure. 穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了欢
6、乐。 which 在定语从句中，作主语。 Do you remember the holiday which we spend together? which 在定语从句中作宾语， 可以省略。 定语从句 that 的用法 在定语从句中，可以指人，也可指物。 Jane is no longer the person who/ that/ whom I work with two years ago. 简不再是2年前与我共事的那个人了。 This is the supermarket that / which sells a variety of goods. 这就是那个卖各式各样商品的超市。 定
7、语从句 as 的用法 1. 引导限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，不能省略，否则造成主句意义不完整 紧跟先行词后， 翻译为.的 先行词被as, so, such, the same 等修饰，关系代词 as 在定语从句作主语或宾语 2. 引导非限制性定语从句 起补充说明作用，去掉对主句无影响， 有逗号与主句隔开，做并列句翻译 先行词是整个句子。关系代词 as 限制性定语从句 Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. 那些对世界做出了巨大贡献的人应受到极大尊重。 as
8、 指代people ,在定语从句作have made 主语。 You may take many chairs as you need. 你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。 as 指代 chairs , 在定语从句作need的宾语。 定语从句 My parents have not so much money as I want. 我父母没有我需要的那么钱。 as 指代money, 作定语从句want 的宾语。 He made the same mistake as you made in the last exam. 在上次考试中，他犯了跟你相同的一个错误。 as 指代 the mistake,
9、 在定语从句作made 的宾语。 定语从句 as 引导的非限制性定语从句 从句可以位于主句前 As everyone knows, Shakespeare was a great Englsih writer. 众所周知，莎翁是一个伟大的英国作家。 as 指代 Shakespeare was a great Englsih writer. 在定语从句中作know 的宾语 as 引导非限制性定语从句 Tom is a brave boy, as is described in the report. 汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩， 这正如在报道中描述的那样。 The project, as we had
10、 expected, got along well. 正如我们所预料的那样，工程进展顺利。 as 引导非限制性定语从句 as 多用被动语态，翻译为“ 正如” as we all know. 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as often happens 正如经常发生 as is well known 众所周知 as can be seen 看的出来 as 引导非限制性定语从句 as 多用被动语态，翻译为“ 正如” as is often the case 像经常如此 as was expected 正如预料那样 as has been said above 如上
11、所述 只用that 的情况 1. 先行词是all, little, few, much, everything, nothing, none ，some,等不定代 词 All that I need is only your advice. 我需要的只是你的建议。 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没有做任何可能伤害你的事。 只用that 的情况 2. 当先行词被all ,every, no, little,much , the only, the very. the last, the right the same 修饰时 Chatting is the
12、 only thing that interests the boy. 聊天是这个男孩唯一感兴趣的事。 Tom is the very person that is suitable for the possion. 汤姆正是适合这个职位的人。 只用that 的情况 3. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the first time that I have been to China. 这是我第一次来中国。 That is the best film that I have seen so far. 那是我目前为止看过的最好的电影。 只用that 的情况 4. 先行词既有人又有物
13、。 The bike and its rider that had been taken to the plice station. 自行车和车主被带到了警局。 5. who/ which 开头的特殊疑问句 Which is the book that you like best? 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词： 1. 其连接作用 2. 关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 先行词表时间 when/ that 先行词是表地点 where/ that 先行词是表原因 （the reason) why/that 先行词是表方式 the way that / in which 介词提前，位于先行词
14、之后 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. Well
15、 go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. =Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词= 介词+which 可以省略 I still reember the days when we lived together. when 在定语从句中作时间状语 We lived together on/during the days. Do you know the
16、 date when they got married? 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 where 引导的定语从句 表具体地点的先行词：place， spot, house, school, 等 表抽象地点的先行词： position，case, activity, situation, point, stage， job, news, story, words, letter, 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 where 引导的定语从句 This is the factory where he used to work. 这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。 He used to work in th
17、e factory. 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词= 介词+which 可以省略 I still reember the days when we lived together. when 在定语从句中作时间状语 We lived together on/during the days. Do you know the date when they got married? 关系代词 还是关系副词？ 1. 从句的谓语动词是及物动词， 后面缺宾语，用关系代词 不缺宾语，用关系副词。 2. 关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词。 若作状语，则用关系副词。 关系代词 还是关系副词？
18、This is the factory that/ which I visited last year. visit 是及物动词，关系代词在从句中作宾语。 This is the factory where he used to work. He used to work in the factory. 关系代词 还是关系副词？ Is this the reason that/which he exolained for being late? 关系代词在从句中作宾语。 He explained the reason for being late. Is this the reason why
19、 he was late for school? 关系副词在从句中作原因状语。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定从非限制性定从 形式上不用“,”与主句隔开用“，”与主句隔开 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义 或意思表达不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如 删除，主句仍能表达完整的意 思 翻译上的通常译成主句的并列句 关系词的 使用上 A作宾语时可省略 B可用that C可用who 代替 whom A不可省略 B不用that C不可用who 代替whom which 和 as 引导的非限性定语从句 A. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句
20、子。如： He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。 B. 位置不同 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后 2. 先行词为 the only (one) of + 名词复数，关系词在定从中作主语时，从句谓语 用单数 He is the only one of students that likes playing soccer. 先行词为 one of + 名词复数，关系词在定从中作主语时，从句谓语用复数 She is one of the students who are late. 3. one of which在从句中作主语时，从句谓语用单数 There are many kinds of energy, one of which is nuclear energy.
