1、Unit 1-SectionB-LearningAbout Language 核心考点归纳核心考点归纳 【核心考点】【核心考点】 It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countryman.(Page 4) 他突然想到,照片中其他的中国人显然并不关心发生在同胞身上的事 情。 剖析本句中的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句; It struck sb that.意为“某人突然
2、想到”。 It struck her that she had left her keys at home. 她突然想到把钥匙忘在家里了。 It struck him that he could buy his father a new coat. 他突然想到,可以给爸爸买一件新外套。 【合作探究】 读一读细观察 It hit me that I might have missed an important chance. 句型 It hit sb that. 含义 某人突然想到 It occurred to him that his wife had been lying to him. 句
3、型 It occurred to sb that. 含义 某人突然想到 【用法归纳】 【即学即用】 一句多译 这个人突然想到,他要失去这个朋友了。 _ _ _ 答案： It struck the man that he would lose this friend. It occurred to the man that he would lose this friend. It hit the man that he would lose this friend. Scientists need to value how the new material stands up to wear
4、and tear to prove how valuable it is.(Page 4) 科学家们需要评估新材料的耐磨损程度来证明其价值。 stand up to 经得起;抵抗 The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear. 这种地毯设计得十分耐用。 Nobody thought he would be brave enough to stand up to her. 谁也没想到他会有足够的勇气顶撞她。 【合作探究】 读一读细观察 His height makes him stand out in the crowd
5、. 含义 突出;显眼 Hes my friend,who stood by me when the life was hardest. 含义 支持;帮助 Could you tell me what the letters stand for? 含义 代表 You must stand up for your rights. 含义 维护;支持 【用法归纳】 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 The pattern stands _love and peace. 完成句子 他们破旧的橙色汽车在这些车中很是显眼。 Their old orange car _ _ from all the rest. 这
6、个女人站起来维护那个男孩。 The woman stood up to _ _ _that boy. 答案： for stood out stand up for Her circumstances are beyond our control.(Page 5) 她的情况是我们无法控制的。 circumstance n.条件;环境;境况 The circumstances of this case are unusual. 这个案件的情况不寻常。 In/Under the circumstances she could do nothing but wait. 在这种情况下,她除了等待别无选择
7、。 【合作探究】 读一读细观察 In/Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 词组 in/under no circumstances 含义 在任何条件下都不 【用法归纳】 【即学即用】 翻译句子 在这种情况下,我们只好向他们让步了。 无论如何,你都不应该不锁门就离开。 答案： In/Under the circumstances we had to give in to them. In/Under no circumstances should you leave the door unlocked. From this,
8、he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness,but the spiritual illness of people at that time.(Page 4) 从这件事上,他得出结论:当时中国最严重的问题不是身体疾病,而是 人们精神上的疾病。 剖析本句中含有 not.but.句型,意为“不是而是”。 The meal is not for one, but for many to enjoy. 这顿饭不是为了一个人的,而是供大家享用的。 He wants to buy not a skirt,
9、but a dress. 他想买的不是一条短裙,而是一条连衣裙。 【合作探究】 读一读细观察 Not you,but your sister, is responsible for the mistake. 翻译 不是你,而是你姐姐为这次错误负责。 She can speak not only English but also Japanese. 翻译 她不仅会说英语,还会说日语。 Not only the teacher but also the students are looking forward to the holiday. 翻译 老师和学生都盼望着假期。 【用法归纳】 not.b
10、ut.连接主语部分时,谓语的数由 but 后面主语的数决定。 not only.but (also).意为“不但而且”,连接主语部分时,谓语 的数由 but (also)后面主语的数决定。 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 What I wanted was not some money,_ a chance. He is famous not only in China _also in the whole world. 完成句子 不是我们的班长而是我们的老师被邀请去了派对。 Not our monitor but our teachers _ _ _ _ _. 答案： but but were
11、invited to the party 【语法归纳【语法归纳-定语从句】定语从句】 【思维导图】 【语法精讲】 1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同 (1)定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定 语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先 行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。 I dont like the book that/which my brother has bought for me. 我不喜欢哥哥给我买的这本书。 Tom had made great progress,which made his parents very
12、happy. 汤姆取得了很大进步,这使他父母很高兴。 (2)限制性定语从句与其所修饰的先行词关系紧密;非限制性定语从句 和主句的关系并不十分密切,它与主句之间常用逗号隔开。 Her friend who works in Beijing visited her yesterday. (限制性定语从句)她在北京工作的朋友昨天来看她。 Her father,who works in Beijing,returned yesterday. (非限制性定语从句)她的父亲,在北京工作,昨天回来了。 2.非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句的附加说明,它与主句 之间一般用逗号隔开,常
13、常单独翻译,如果省略,主句意义仍然完整。 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有 as, which,who,whom,whose 等, 可做定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。 关系副词有 when,where 等,可做定语从句的状语。 关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略。 (1)who/whom 引导 who/whom 引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的人。 who 可在从句中 做主语、宾语或者表语;whom 在从句中做宾语。 The girl,who had won first prize,went to Hong Kong for education. 这个女孩,已经获得一等奖
14、,去香港接受教育了。 This morning I met Tom,whom I hadnt seen for years. 今天早上我遇到汤姆了,我好几年没见他了。 (2)which 引导 which 引导非限制性定语从句,可指代主句中的名词,也可以指代整个 主句。可在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语。 The old bike,which was bought three years ago,is almost out of use now. 这辆旧自行车,三年前买的,现在几乎不用了。(指代上文的名词) The boy is often very careless,which makes his
15、 mother angry. 这个男孩经常很粗心,这使得他妈妈很是生气。(指代整个主句) (3)whose 引导 whose 引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做定语修饰名词。 The professor,whose daughter is very famous,is giving a speech. 这位教授正在做演讲,他的女儿非常著名。 (4)as 引导 as 引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,可在从句中做主语、宾语或 者表语。as 引导的从句可位于句首、句中或句末。 As you know,I dont like going out at weekends. 你知道的,我周末不喜欢出去。
16、 The old bridge,as we all know,has attracted a lot of visitors. 我们都知道,这座古桥已经吸引了很多游客。 (5)when 引导 when 引导非限制性定语从句,可在从句中做时间状语,指代主句中表 示时间的词语。 He will put off the picnic until May,when he will be free. 他将把野餐推迟到五月,那时他会有空。 (6)where 引导 where 引导非限制性定语从句,可在从句中做地点状语,指代主句中表 示地点的词语。 Ten days later,they arrived a
17、t a place,where there were many nice flowers. 十天后,他们到了一个地方,那里繁花盛开。 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 The girl,_ I often say hello to,is helping me with my English. _ we had expected,the new plan worked out very well. The old man came to an island,_ he met the famous scientist. He will come back in July,_ we will have a
18、 good talk. The farmer was working in the field, _ son was playing beside him. The man,_ was born in a small village,has become famous now. 句型转换 My brother rides a new bike and it was bought last month. My brother rides a new bike,_ _ _ _ _. 答案： whom as where when whose who which was bought last mon
19、th (7)“名词/代词+of+which/whom”引导 There are 30 chairs in the small hall,most of which are new. 这个小厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。 The factory has over 8,000 workers,eighty percent of whom are women. 这个厂子有八千多名工人,女职工占百分之八十。 (8)“介词+关系代词”引导 关系代词可在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。 关系代词 which 有时并 不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择 取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从
20、句中谓语动词的搭配。 They offered me some advice,without which I couldnt have passed the test. 他们给了我一些建议,没有这些建议我是无法通过考试的。 The man bought a farm,on which his children lived happily. 这个男人买了一个农场,在农场里他的孩子们幸福地生活着。 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 They thanked Tom,_ whose support they would not have succeeded. Thesenewneighbors,_whom
21、Iwasintroduced yesterday,were friendly. 句型转换 The old professor has two children,and both of them are hard-working. The old professor has two children, _ _ _ _ _. The girls are cleaning the windows,and most of them are very dirty. The girls are cleaning the windows, _ _ _ _ _ _. 答案： without to both o
22、f whom are hard-working most of which are very dirty 3.使用非限制性定语从句时应注意的事项 (1)非限制性定语从句不能用 why 引导,需要用 for which 代替 why。 None of us accepted the reason he explained,for which he was absent. 我们没有一个人接受他解释的缺席的理由。 (2)除了用于对具体事物补充信息,非限制性定语从句还可以是针对整 个句子内容的说明,这时从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 She seems not to have understood
23、what I meant,which greatly upsets me. 她似乎没领会我的意思,这使我很心烦。 (3)that 可用来引导限制性定语从句,但不能用来引导非限制性定语从 句。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,即使在从句中做宾语,一般也 不省略。 Her English,which used to be very poor,is now excellent.(句中的 which 不可换成 that) 她的英语过去很差,现在很好了。 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 He made a big mistake,_ led to his losing his job. We will put
24、 off the picnic until next week,_ the weather may be better. The river,_ flows through London,is called the Thames. 完成句子 正如我们预料的那样,他被一所重点大学录取了。 _ _ _ _ _, he was admitted into a key university. 这部电影很受欢迎,是一个年轻人导演的。 The film,_ _ _ _, was directed by a young man. 答案： which when which As we all had expe
25、cted which was very popular 【随堂练习】 单句语法填空 1.It is wrong of you to stand up _your teacher in public. 2.Some of the roads were flooded,_ made our journey more difficult. 3. _ is often the case,we have worked out the difficult problem. 4.I walked in our garden,_ Jim was sitting beside some flowers. 5.Ill never forget the day _we met each other last week. 6.Mr White is going to Beijing in October,_ is the best month there. 7.I have many good friends,most of _are studying very hard. 1. 答案:to 2. 答案:which 3. 答案:As 4. 答案:where 5. 答案:when 6. 答案:which 7. 答案:whom
