1、1 新人教英语选择性必修一新人教英语选择性必修一 Unit 1People ofAchievement TU YOUYOUAWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner ) ,_1_research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hun
2、dreds of thousands of lives,and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year,and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the _2_ (treat) for malaria , and is thought _3_ (save)100,000 lives a year inAfrica
3、 alone. Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and _4_ (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated,she worked at the ChinaAcademy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967,the Chinese government formed a te
4、am of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria ,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers _5_ (choose). In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,_6_ malaria was more common,to study malaria patients. In 1969 , she became the head of the project in Beijing , and d
5、ecided _7_(review) ancient Chinese medical texts _8_(find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical
6、treatments _9_ showed promise in the fight _10_ malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tus team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no _11_(affect). They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the li
7、quid _12_(obtain) from this _13_(treat) malaria,but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However , Tu Youyou would not 2 acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again,and by chance,she found one sentence _14_(suggest) a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that
8、 _15_(boil) the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract , she _16_(find) a substance _17_ worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on _18_(test) th
9、e medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of _19_ recovered. This medicine,_20_ was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria. According to Tu Youyou,the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon heari
10、ng that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me,and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value _21_ traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine _22_(sprea
11、d) around the world.” 答案:1. whose (whose 引导的非限制性定语从句。 ) 2. treatment (the treatment for sth.的治疗方法。 ) 3. to save(be thought to do sth. = It is thought that+从句) 4. graduated(and 引导的并列句,动词与前面的 was born 保持一致。 ) 5. chosen(过去分词作后置定语,修饰 researchers。 ) 6. where (where 引导的非限制性定从,修饰先行词 Hainan,定语从句句 子不缺成分,所以用关
12、系副词。 ) 7. to review(decide to do sth.决定做某事。 ) 8. to find (不定式做目的状语) 9. that(that 引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 treatments, that 在从 句中做主语。 ) 10. against(fight against对抗.) 3 11. effect(no 后面用名词,effectn.影响affectv. 影响) 12. obtained(过去分词做后置定语,修饰 liquid。 ) 13. to treat (use sth. to do sth. 用.来做.) 14. suggesting (现在分词作
13、后置定语,修饰 sentence。 ) 15. boiling (用动名词做 that 宾语从句中的主语) 16. found (做谓语,用动词过去式) 17. that(that 引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 substance,that 在 从句中做主语。 ) 18. testing (insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事。 ) 19. whom (of whom 引导的非限制性定从,修饰先行词 patients,介词 后的关系代词指人用 whom。 ) 20. which(which 引导的非限制性定从,修饰先行词 medicine,which 在从句中做主语。 )
14、21. of (the value of.的价值) 22. to be spread (不定式做真正的主语,中药与传播之间是被动关系,所 以用不定式的被动式。 ) 4 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖 2015 年 10 月 6 日 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者) ,她的研究导致了青 蒿素的发现。这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命, 改善了数百万人的健康。全世界每年有 2 亿多人罹患疟疾,约 60 万人死于疟疾。 青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据信仅在非洲每年就能挽救 10 万人的 生命。 屠呦呦,一位坚定而耐心的科学家,1930 年 12 月 30 日出生于
15、中国宁波,1955 年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后,她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967 年, 中国政府组建了一支以探索疟疾新疗法为目标的科学家队伍, 屠呦呦是其中首批 入选的研究人员。在开始的时候,屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者,在那里疟疾更 常见。1969 年,她成为北京项目的负责人,并决定复阅中国古代医学文献,以 寻找这种疾病的传统的植物疗法。她的团队查阅了 2 000 多本古老的医学文献, 并对 280 000 种植物的药用性能进行了评估。在他们的研究中,他们发现并测试 了 380 种不同的中国古代医疗方法,这些方法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。 一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧
16、。 屠呦呦的团队测试了一 批干艾叶,但没有发现效果。然后,他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮开,用从中提取的 液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不管用。他们的计划陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦并不承 认失败。她又分析了一遍医学文献,偶然发现了一句话,建议用另一种方法来处 理青蒿。她的结论是,煮青蒿显然破坏了它的医学特性。她用较低的温度提取提 取物,发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了 190 多次之后,这个团队终于在 1971 年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物,以确保它是安 全的。后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,大部分受试患者都康复了。 这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。 屠呦呦说
17、, 青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队,还有我的国家的全体人 5 民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科研和中医药走向世界,确实是一 种荣誉。” THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE Albert Einstein,_1_ is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics,is often considered one of the smartest men_2_ ever lived.
18、He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known _3_(be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius;he was a courageous and kind figure_4_(love)by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, h
19、e tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due _5_ his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam,despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year,he managed _6_(pass) the exam, _7_(enter) university in 1896 and _8_(graduate) in 1900. Af
20、ter two years of looking for work as a teacher,Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While _9_(work) there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,_10_(earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year,_11_ was later recorded as a miracle year in science,h
21、e published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this,he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years,he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he _12_(award ) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Phy
22、sics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Circumstances changed in 1933 , when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein , _13_ was Jewish , found the doors of academic institutions _14_ (close) to him. As a consequence , he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe,he finally t
23、ook up a position _15_ a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great_16_( achieve) in physics and mathematics. 6 To the public,he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair,_
24、17_ sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius , he sometimes forgot things,like his friends birthdays. But despite his peculiarities,he _18_(love) by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl _19_ knock
25、ed on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact , Einstein often encountered people on the street _20_ would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions,he finally started saying , “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken _21_ Professor Einstein!” On 18April 19
26、55, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and _22_ whole world mourned the great_23_(lose) of a brilliant scientist. 答案:1. who (who 引导的非限制性定语从句,who 在从句中做主语。 ) 2. who(who 引导的限制性定从,who 在从句中做主语。 ) 3. being(独立主格结构,be 只能用非谓语的形式。 ) 4. loved (过去分词作后置定语,修饰 figure) 5. to (due to 因为,由于) 6. to pass (m
27、anage to do 设法做.) 7. entering(现在分词作结果状语) 8. graduating(and 并列 enter 和 graduate, 所以都用现在分词作结果状语) 9. working (状从的省略,省略了 he was. ) 10. earning (现在分词作结果状语) 11. which(which 引导的非限制性定语从句,which 在从句中做主语) 12. was awarded(做谓语,他被授予奖项,所以用被动式。 ) 13. who (who 引导的非限制性定语从句,who 在从句中做主语。 ) 14. closed (过去分词作宾补) 15. as(t
28、ake up. as.从事.职业) 16. achievements(make achievements 取得成就) 7 17. which (which 引导的非限制性定语从句,which 在从句中做主语。 ) 18. was loved (做谓语,他被喜爱,所以用被动式。 ) 19. who (who 引导的非限制性定语从句,who 在从句中做主语。 ) 20. who (who 引导的限制性定语从句,who 在从句中做主语。 ) 21. for (mistake. for.把.误认为.) 22. the(the whole world 全世界) 23. loss(the loss of.
29、的损失) 是他让我们对宇宙的探索取得了进展 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦,也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家,通常被认为是 有史以来最聪明的人之一。他对世界做出了许多贡献,最著名的是广义相对论和 著名的公式 E=mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是个天才,还是一个勇敢而善良的人,受到 许多人的喜爱。 这位温和的天才于 1879 年 3 月 14 日出生于德国。16 岁时,他曾试图去瑞 士上大学,尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩,但由于入学考试的综合 部分分数较低,他未能如愿。经过又一年的学习,他通过了考试,1896 年进入 大学,1900 年毕业。 在找了两年的教师工作后,爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。
30、 在那里工作期间,出于对知识的强烈热情,他继续学习,并于 1905 年获得了物 理学博士学位。同年,他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文,这一年后来被标为科学 史上的奇迹之年。此后,他逐渐成为举世闻名的新艾萨克牛顿。四年后,他辞 去了专利局的工作,进入一所大学做全职研究。1922 年,他因对光电效应的解 释而被授予 1921 年诺贝尔物理学奖。 1933 年,当希特勒在德国掌权时,情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人, 他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。结果,他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段 时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员一职。此后,他继续在物 理和数学方面取得巨大成就。 在公众眼中,他看起来有点古怪,但很善良,也很有趣。他胡须浓密,头发 又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。虽然是个天才,但他有时会忘记一 8 些事情,比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪,但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚 至还有一个关于他如何帮助一个小女孩的故事。这个女孩敲了他的门,请求他帮 她做家庭作业。事实上,爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人,他们会拦住他,请他 帮忙解释一些事情。经过多次这样的场合后,他终于开口说:“对不起!对不起! 我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授!” 1955 年 4 月 18 日,据报道爱因斯坦去世了,全世界都为一位杰出科学家的 逝世而哀悼。 9