（2019版）人教版选择性必修第一册英语Unit 1 语法及写作专题讲解和训练学案（含答案）.zip

1 选修一选修一 第二讲语法与写作第二讲语法与写作 Albert Einstein,1. is regarded as the greatest scientist in modern physics,was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.At the age of 17,he 2. (admit) to the university in 1896 and graduated four years later. After 3. (graduate),Einstein first worked as a clerk in the Swiss patent office.While 4. (work) there,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.That same year,he published four extraordinary physics papers and 5. (gradual) became world-famous.In 1922,he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. When Hitler came to power in Germany,Einstein,who was Jewish,found the doors of study 7. (close) to him.So he had to flee Europe and then to US and took 8.a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Although he was a genius,he sometimes 9. (forget) things,like his friends birthdays.But despite his peculiarities,he was loved by his 10. (friend) and neighbours.Einstein passed away on 18 April 1955,and it was reported that the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 一一which 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 that 不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，而 which 可以。 which 指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点”等意思，常置主句末。 主句与定语从句用逗号分开。 在“n.pron.prep. which”, “prep.which”定语从句里 They talked about a movie, the name of which Ive never forgotten. China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. Chaplin went to the states in 1910, by_ time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies. 1.表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。 The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3, 830 meters long. 2.先行词是独一无二的事物时。先行词是独一无二的事物时。 The moon, which doesnt give out light itself, is only a satellite of the earth. 3.先行词表示类别属性的事物时。先行词表示类别属性的事物时。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 二、知识讲解 一、课前检测 2 4.先行词是专有名词时。先行词是专有名词时。 The Nile, which used to flood every year, now runs more regularly below the dam. 5.先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。 Li Ling is very clever, which Li Long isnt. 6.先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。 My family, which has 35 people, is a large one. 7.先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。 Last year he went to Egypt, which is in Africa. 二二which 与与 as 引导非限定性定语从句的区别引导非限定性定语从句的区别 1. as 引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论 引导定语从句时，as 仍具有“正如，像，由可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as 定语从句常含有这 些动词：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess 等，这类动词与 as 连用几乎成了一种固 定搭配。as 引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。 There is a net bar around here, as I remember. As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 2. which 引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。 which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有 并列、因果关系。注意，它引导的从句不像 as 那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。如： He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me. 3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用 which，不用 as。 Jenny might come, in which case Ill ask her. She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University. 4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用 which 而不用 as He pretended not to know me, which I didnt understand. He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 注意： as 引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活；其次，as 有以下常见的，而 which 不具备的“固定表达”： as we all know 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 3 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as you see 这一点你明白 as was expected 正如预料的那样 as can be seen 看得出来 as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样 as has been said above 如上所述 as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样 as is often the case 像常规那样 as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样。 三非限制性定语从句的主谓一致三非限制性定语从句的主谓一致 1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。 Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood. 2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。 The Great Wall is the (only) one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 3.当关系代词 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若 as 或 which 作主语，则从句的谓语动 词用单数形式。 Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. 四关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句四关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 when, where 在非限制定语从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语；why 不用于非限制性定语从句中，用 for which 代替。 In China, the spring festival is a good holiday when family members get together. The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own, where they would be free to keep black slaves. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别： 1. 定义区别定义区别 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性 定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要思想，这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号； 而非限制性定语从句则只是主句的一种补充说明，即即使去掉，也不会影响全句的主要思想，这种定语从句 前通常有逗号隔开。 This is the book that you want. He bought me a book, which was very useful. 4 2. 关系词的区别关系词的区别 关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 通常只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 She received an invitation from her boss, which (不用 that) came as a surprise. 另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系代词 which 用作宾语时，如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常可以省略；但在 非限制性定语从句中，不管在什么情况下均不可省略关系代词 which。 3. 用法注意用法注意 当一个名词已由其他词语作了完整的表述，这个名词后则不宜再用限制限制性从句，而应改用非限制性 定语从句。 我去年买了一个房子，有一个很漂亮的花园。 I bought a house last year, which has got a lovely garden. 4. 补充说明补充说明 非限制性定语从句有时形式上是从句，实质上其功用相当于一个并列的分句。 He said he hadnt stolen the money, which was not true. (which 相当于 but it) 一一语法填空语法填空 1.And astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide, _ are fundamental to life, exist in its atmosphere through satellites. (用适当的词填空) 2.Vancouvers appeal consists of comfort and security, making it what Andy Yan calls a hedge city, _ feature is social and political stability. 【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及 whose 引导的非限制性定语从句。 3.The man, _ gave us a talk on science yesterday， is a famous scientist. 4.Yesterday he left for America, _ he had visited twice before. 5 5.The Fifth World Internet Conference (世界互联网大会), _ began on November 7, was very successful. 6.He is now reading a book about a scientist, _ he dreams to be. 7.He wrote many books, two of_ have been published so far. 8.More than one boy is fond of playing football, _ is of benefit to their physical and mental health. 9.We will put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better. 10.He did not study hard, _ led to his failure. 11.The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. 12.The tower,_ base is a shop, is frequently visited by travelers. 13.The reason，_ she was late for the exam, was that she got stuck in a traffic jam. 14.He did an excellent job in the final exam, _made his parents very happy. 15.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women. 二、翻译二、翻译 1.汤姆提到几个演员的名字，他对他们评价不高。 Tom mentioned the names of a few actors, _ he did not _ _ _. 2.正如我朋友们所能看到的，我母亲一直认为让我接受良好的教育很重要。 _ all my friends can see, my mother always _ great _ _ my receiving a good education. 3.每日起床后，他都喝一杯水，他认为这样对他的身体有好处。 After _ up, he always drinks a glass of water, _he believes is good for his health. 4.遇到突发危险时，人会茫然不知所措，这是很正常的。(which) _ _ 5.一年被分为四个季节，第一个季节是春季。(which 引导的非限制性定语从句) _ 【写作指导写作指导】 二、如何写人物介绍 6 文章体裁文章体裁人物描写类应 用文 中心人称中心人称以第三人称为 主 主体时态主体时态以一般过去时 为主 要点布局要点布局第一段：第一段引出话题； 第二段：描述心中英雄的个人及进家庭情况； 第三段：点明对自己的影响 话题词汇话题词汇 1. _向某人学习2._ 历史人物 3._ 被认为 4._ 为做贡献 5._ the secret to success6._ struggle to 7._ 积极地生活8._ 树立榜样 9._ admire （2015 年安徽）年安徽） 某英文杂志正在举办以 “Fancy yourself as an interviewer” 为主题的征文活动，请你以 “A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview” 为题，写一篇英语短文。 内容包括： 1采访对象； 2采访的原因； 3. 想提的问题。 注意： 1词数 100 左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息； 4. 短文的标题已给出，不计入总词数。 A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview _ _ _ 经典例题 7 _ （2020 高考一卷）高考一卷）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容 包括：1. 人物简介； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。 _ _ _ _ _ 一阅读理解一阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Greening the Kubuqi Desert China has seen great achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past 70 years. Solid efforts have been made to fight pollution and continuously improve the environment. 1 It caused deadly sandstorms, which arrived like big black walls reaching up into the sky. As President Xi Jinping has said, clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets（资产）. 2 A series of campaigns have been carried out by the central government to improve the environment. 3 Thanks to the program, forest coverage in China had increased from 12 percent in the 1980s to nearly 23 percent last year. 三、课后自主训 练 8 4 It has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification（沙漠化）. In Kubuqi, a desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Elion has greened 600,000 hectares of land and helped lift more than 102,000 people out of poverty through the development of solar energy and tourism, as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, the groups techniques have also been used in many ecological（生态的）programs, including Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park. “ 5 With the help of modern technologies, such as drones, AI, big data and the internet of things, we are sure to achieve greater success,” said Ao Baoping, chief executive officer of Elion Green Land Technology. A. Once the environment gets better, we will live a happier life. B. For example, in 1998, China started the Natural Forest Protection Program. C. Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s. D. Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group. E. Pollution is getting worse and worse nowadays. F. Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the countrys fight against desertification. G. We will come up with new ways to improve our ability to control the sand. B 一、阅读理解 Who are the most famous painters in history? Keep reading to find out. Leonardo da Vinci was not only a painter but also a sculptor, mathematician, poet, scientist, musician, inventor, engineer, cartographer (制图师), and writer. Leonardo was born in Vinci, in the province of Florence, Italy in 1452. This was a time of extraordinary changes, not only in the arts, but also in many other cultural areas. The city of Florence was at the center of this important period in the history of art. Some of Leonardos most famous pieces of works are the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and The Vitruvian Man. The most well-known museums in the world display his paintings. Michelangelo was born in Caprese, Italy in 1475 and started working as a student to a painter before starting his studies in the art of sculpting at the Medici gardens. His works include The Statue of David and The Pieta. The Pieta is in display at the Vatican. He also painted the frescoes (壁画) on the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel, which includes his masterpiece The Last Judgment. Even though he was born in Caprese, Michelangelo lived most of his life in Rome, 9 where he created most of his pieces. Raphael was born in 1483 in Urbino, Italy. He became Italian renaissance painter Pietro Peruginos student in 1504 at the age of 21. After this, he started painting his several Madonnas while living in Florence, where da Vinci and Michelangelo influenced him. When he moved to Rome, Pope Julius II hired him as his chief architect. Raphael died in Rome in 1520 at the age of 37. Despite his early death, he produced some of the most recognizable masterpieces including all his Madonnas, but also most notably the Madonna in the Sistine Chapel in Rome and his frescoes in the Palace of the Vatican. （1）The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 shows that Leonardo da Vinci _. A.focused on painting B.lived a very busy life C.was a well-rounded man D.spent most of his time indoors （2）What can you see if you visit the Sistine Chapel? A.The Last Supper. B.The Vitruvian Man. C.The Last Judgment. D.The whole series of Madonnas. （3）From whom did Raphael learn how to paint in his early twenties? A.Pietro Perugino. B.Leonardo da Vinci. C.Michelangelo. D.Pope Julius II. （4）The above paragraphs are probably taken from an article about _. A.three famous painters in history B.three famous paintings in history C.three famous sculptors in history D.the history of the Italian renaissance 二完形填空二完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空 白处的最佳选项， 10 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In October, I told the eight-year-olds in the class about my plan.“Id like all of you to do housework to earn some money, I said. “Then well buy food for the poor. I wanted the children to learn that its more blessed to_1_than to receive. A week later, they returned with their hard-earned_2_. And now they couldnt wait to go shopping. After buying what we need, we_3_toward the checkout, pushing a cart filled with food. Then someone_4_a“necessity that sent them racing. “Flowers! Kristin cried. The group_5_ toward the holiday plants. I commented that it was_6_to use the money to buy some food. _7_ I said You cant eat flowers. _8_Mrs. Sherlock, came the loud cry, we want flowers. Defeated, I looked at the flowers before us. There was a pot of beautiful _9_flowers. “Shell like this one, the children put the plant into the cart. We would visit a_10_grandmother who lived alone. We finally _11_in front of a small house. Kids carried the gifts in, and the old woman oohed and aahed-much to her visitors_12_. When Amy put the flowers on the table, the woman seemed_13_. Shes wishing it was a bag of flour, I thought. We returned to the car. The woman inside waved goodbye, then turned and walked across the room, past the turkey, straight to the_14_. She put her face in their petals. There was a smile on her face. The children were quiet. In that brief moment, they had seen for themselves the power they possessed to _15_other peoples lives. And I also learnt that sometimes a person needs s pot of purple flowers on a dark November day. 1. A. takeB. askC. giveD. provide 2 A. moneyB. chanceC. victoryD. salary 3. A. leftB. headedC. movedD. ran 4. A. spottedB. recognizedC. revealedD. heard 5. A. passedB. turnedC. rushedD. jogged 6. A. coolerB. fasterC. simplerD. wiser 7. A. As a resultB. After allC. Above allD. At last 8. A. ButB. SoC. AndD. For 9. A. redB. yellowC. purpleD. pink 10. A. wealthyB. luckyC. needyD. funny 11. A. broke downB. pulled upC. came alongD. came down 11 12. A. pleasureB. sadnessC. regretD. relief 13. A. thrilledB. annoyedC. amusedD. surprised 14. A. carB. moneyC. flowersD. food 15. A. saveB. strengthenC. loveD. brighten 三语法填空三语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huangshan is like all popular tourist attractions in China, very crowded during peak season and national holidays during_1_time reservations are a must. Each season offers_2_unique aspect of this beautiful mountain. Summer is one_3_the peak seasons, when the mountain is green and refreshing and temperature are cool and comfortable. Summer offers striking sunrises. In the fall, the colors are at their biggest and blue skies and red maples are picture-perfect. Autumn is also a peak season, _4_(particular) during the October National holidays and it can be very crowded. Winter is one of the _5_(pretty) seasons and the best time_6_(appreciate) the icy peaks surrounded by the Sea of Clouds, as it is during this seaso