1、1 Unit1 Part3 知识讲解知识讲解 UNIT1 PEOPLE OFACHIEVEMENT Part3 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress theyre so tight! (介词填空) 【答案】off 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：我的靴子脱不下来，它们太紧了。根据 theyre so tight!可知靴子太紧了， 由此可推断出它们脱不下来， take off 意为“脱掉， 脱下”， 句中指脱掉靴子，off 意为“从去掉”，介词词性，符合句意。故填 off。 38. They are taking_the old gallery
2、. (介词填空) 【答案】down 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们正在拆除旧画廊。根据空后 the old gallery 可知， take down 拆除，固定短语，符合题意。故填 down。 完成句子完成句子 39. Bill_（开始从事警察工作）after quitting his previous job.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】took up a position as a policeman 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：比尔辞去前一份工作后担任警察。由句意可 知，事情已发生，时态用一般过去时，固定搭配 take up.“开始干（工作）”；再根
3、据其他汉语提示，故填 took up a position as a policeman。 40. The book_ （使他回忆起） to the days when he had been in the countryside. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】took him back 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。句意：这本书使他回想起他在乡下的日子。结合汉 语提示可知， take sb. back 使某人回忆起， 固定短语； 根据从句 when he had been in the countryside.可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，动词 take
4、 15 后需接人称代词宾格 him。故填 took him back。 41. Please_（带孩子们出去）. Their noise is making my head ache. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】take the children out 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词短语。 句意： 请带孩子们出去， 他们制造的噪音让我头疼。 take out 表示“带.出去”，本句宾语是 the children，名词可以放动词短语中间，根据句意， 此处是简单句中的祈使句，用动词原形。故填 take the children out。 教材原句 In fact, Einstein of
5、ten encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些 事情。 9 encounter vt.偶然碰到（=come across） ；遇到（=run into）n.解逅；遭遇 搭配： have an encounter with 与相遇 I had a close encounter with the sea during the National Day holiday. 国庆假期期间我亲密接触了大
6、海。 We encountered a variety of difficulties in the first week. 我们在第一周遇到了各种各样的困难。 归纳拓展 come across/run across 偶然遇到；偶然发现 She came across an old flashlight in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现了一个旧手电筒。 单句语法填空单句语法填空 42. His encounter_the guard dog completely frightened him. (用适当的单 词填空) 【答案】with 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：遇到一只警犬
7、把他吓坏了。根据句意可知，此处是短语 encounter with“遇见”，故填 with。 16 43. We had an encounter_the famous archeologist at the conference. (介词 填空) 【答案】with 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：我们在会议上遇到了那位著名的考古学家。 have an encounter with sb.遇到某人，固定短语。故填 with。 44. I came_him in the street yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】across 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意
8、：我昨天在街上遇到了他。“遇到，偶遇”是固定短 语 come across，故填 across。 完成句子完成句子 45. One rainy night I_（偶然遇到）an old friend in Rome.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】encountered/had an encounter with/came across/ran across 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：在一个雨夜，我偶然在罗马遇到了一个老朋 友。“偶然遇到”可以用 encounter/have an encounter with/come across/run across 表示， 在一个雨
9、夜说明是过去发生的事情，这里是描述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去 时。故填 encountered/had an encounter with/came across/ran across。 教材原句 Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用你的笔记 来写你的介绍，并总结你对这个人的感觉。 10 sum vi as a consequence ; take up a position 等。全文中没有中国式 英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、
10、层次分明，上 下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 语法填空 34 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 World-famous physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76. He died_97_(peaceful)at his home in Cambridge in the early_98_(hour)of Wednesday. Hawking was known_99_the public for his work with black holes and relativity, and wrot
11、e several popular science books , including A Brief History of Time.At the age of 22, Prof. Hawking_100_(give)only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease. The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was _101_(able)to speak except through a voice synthesizer(合
12、成器). Prof. Hawking was the first _102_(set)out a theory of cosmology(宇宙 学)explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He also discovered that black holes_103_(leak)energy and fade to nothinga phenomenon that would_104_(late)become known as Hawking radiation. Throu
13、gh his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose, he proved that Einsteins general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and_105_end in black holes. In a statement his children praised his courage and persistence and said his brilliance and humour inspir
14、ed people across the world. They added, He once said, It would not be much of a universe_106_it wasnt home to the people you love. We will miss him forever. 【答案】97. peacefully 98. hours99. to 100. was given 101. unable 102. to set 103. leak104. later 105. an106. if 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。举世闻名的物理学家霍金在 76 岁
15、时去世。他因为黑洞和 相对论的著作而闻名，他的书包括时间简史等。 35 【97 题详解】 考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词 die，故填 peacefully。 【98 题详解】 考查名词的数。此处是固定短语 in early hours“凌晨”，故填 hours。 【99 题详解】 考查介词。此处是固定短语 be known to sb.“为某人所熟知”，故填 to。 【100 题详解】 考查时态和语态。根据上文的 at the age of 22 可知此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般 过去时，主语 Hawking 和 give 之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语 是单数
16、，故填 was given。 【101 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：疾病让他只能坐在轮椅里，他不能说话，除非通过一个语音合 成器。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语 be unable to do sth.“不能做某事”，故填 unable。 【102 题详解】 考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处考查名词被序数词修饰或本身就是序数词时，应 用不定式作为后置定语，故填 to set。 【103 题详解】 考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，因从句讲述客观事实，故 用一般现在时，主语 black holes 是复数，故谓语动词用原形，故填 leak。 【104 题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种现
17、象就是后来大家所知的霍金辐射。根据句意和句子结构可 知，此处用副词 later“后来”作状语符合语境，故填 later。 【105 题详解】 考查冠词。根据前文的 a beginning in the Big Bang 可知此处意为“一个结束”，其 表达为 an end，故填 an。 【106 题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果它不是你所爱的人的家，它就不会是一个多大的宇宙。根据 句意和句子结构可知，此处用连词 if“如果”符合语境，故填 if。 36 IVIV 完形填空完形填空 In 1896, 17-year-old Einstein went to Zurich to study physi
18、cs. There he met Marits, a girl from Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought the two together and they became good_107_.Before long, they fell in love with each other. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he_108_Marits, who was four years older than he._109_their m
19、arriage, Einstein_110_himself to the research of the great theory of relativity. To give her husband more help, Marits gave_111_her own work, and became a good wife and_112_. She tried her best to encourage him_113_possible. She was sure that her husband would succeed. They often discussed the theor
20、y while walking outside or sitting together in the room. They_114_did that in their letters when one of them was_115_from home. In 1914, the Einsteins moved to Berlin and_116_down there.At that time, Einsteins theory_117_to be correct and he became famous all over the world. Marits was very _118_her
21、 husband with his success. But it was not long_119_the First World War_120_. Marits as well as her two sons, who were_121_holiday in Switzerland, couldnt come back to Berlin any longer. The war not only stopped Einsteins work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had
22、 to get divorced. 107. A. pairsB. couplesC. friendsD. classmates 108. A. savedB. defeatedC. marriedD. blamed 109. A. SinceB. ForC. WithD. After 110. A. gaveB. offeredC. forcedD. devoted 111. A. offB. outC. upD. in 112. A. cookB. motherC. friendD. assistant 113. A. whateverB. wheneverC. howeverD. whe
23、rever 114. A. evenB. neverC. seldomD. sometimes 115. A. beyondB. offC. outD. away 116. A. putB. settledC. tookD. sat 117. A. seemedB. appearedC. provedD. looked 118. A. proud ofB. praised forC. pleased withD. worried about 37 119. A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. as 120. A. figured out B. worked outC. tur
24、ned outD. broke out 121. A. inB. atC. onD. for 【答案】107. C108. C109. D110. D111. C112. D113. B 114.A115. D116. B117. C118.A119. B120. D121. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦和他的前妻 Marits 的故事。 【107 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在同一个班级学习，对物理的相同兴趣使他们走到 一起，成为了好朋友 A. pairs 一对；B. couples 夫妻；C. friends 朋友；D. classmates 同学
25、。由空前句意“对于在物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及 下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，这里是指他们成为好朋友。故选 C。 【108 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1903 年，爱因斯坦 24 岁时娶了比他大 4 岁的 Marits。 A. saved 拯救；B. defeated 打败；C. married 娶，结婚；D. blamed 责备。根据后文3 their marriage,可知，此处指爱因斯坦娶了 Marits。故选 C。 【109 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：婚后，爱因斯坦致力于伟大相对论的研究。A. Since 自 从；B. For 为了；C. With
26、 有；D. After 在之后。由语境可知，他们结婚以后， 爱因斯坦投身于对相对论的研究。故选 D。 【110 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意同上。 A. gave 给； B. offered 提供； C. forced 强迫； D. devoted 投身于，致力于。devote oneself to sth.致力于某事，是固定搭配。故选 D。 【111 题详解】 考查介词和动词短语词义变成。句意：为了给丈夫更多的帮助，Marits 放弃了自己 的工作，成为了一名好妻子和好助手。所给选项可以和空前动词 give 构动词短语。 A. give off 发出（光和热等） ；B. give ou
27、t 发出，分发；C. give up 放弃；D. give in 屈 服，投降。根据后文 and became a good wife and可知，Marits 放弃了自己的工作， 成为了丈夫的好妻子和好助手。故选 C。 【112 题详解】 38 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cook 厨师；B. mother 母亲；C. friend 朋友；D. assistant 助手。由上文中的.her husband more help 及下文可知，此处指 Marits 成为 爱因斯坦的贤妻和助手。故选 D。 【113 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。 句意： 不管什么时候只要有可能， 她都尽力去鼓励
28、他。 A. whatever 无论什么；B. whenever 无论何时；C. however 无论如何；D. wherever 无论何地。结 合句意和语境可知，此处需用 whenever，表示不管何时，只要有时间，Marits 都会 去鼓励爱因斯坦。故选 B。 【114 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至在信中讨论问题，当他们中的一个人不在家的 时候。A. even 甚至；B. never 从不；C. seldom 几乎不；D. sometimes 有时候。由上 文可知他们总是一起讨论问题。此处用 even 表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在 信中也讨论问题”。故选 A。 【115
29、题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beyond 超出；B. off 离开（某地） ；C. out 出去； D. away 离开。由上文中的 in their letters 可知，此处是说他们其中一个不在家的时 候。be away from home 不在家，符合语境。故选 D。 【116 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1914 年，爱因斯坦一家搬到柏林定居下来。A. put 放； B. settled 定居，解决；C. took 带走；D. sat 坐。根据空前的 moved to Berlin 可知， 爱因斯坦一家在柏林定居。settle down 定居。故选 B。 【11
30、7 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，他在全世界闻 名。A. seemed 似乎，好像；B. appeared 看起来像；C. proved 证明；D. looked 看， 看起来。由空格后的 to be correct 和 he became famous all over the world 可推知，爱 因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。故选 C。 【118 题详解】 考查固定短语词义辨析。 句意： Marits 为她丈夫的成功感到骄傲。 A. proud of 以 感到骄傲； B. praised for 因赞扬； C. pleased with 对感到满意
31、； D. worried about 对感到担忧。 由上下文和常识来看， 因为爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的， 39 所以 Marits 为丈夫的成功感到自豪。故选 A。 【119 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但不久，第一次世界大战爆发了。A. when 当时候； B. before 在之前；C. since 因为；D. as 当时候。It was not long before. 为 固定句式，意为“不久就”。故选 B。 【120 题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. figured out 弄清楚，弄明白；B. worked out 算出；C. turned out 结果是；
32、D. broke out 战争/火灾/疾病的爆发。根据 the First World War 可知，战争的爆发需用动词短语 broke out。故选 D。 【121 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：Marits 和她在瑞士度假的两个儿子再也回不来柏林了。A. in 后接年份/月份/季节的时间词；B. at 后接具体的时刻；C. on 后接具体的某一天的 上午，下午或晚上；D. for 后接一段时间。be on holiday 在度假，固定短语。故选 C。 V V 阅读理解阅读理解 Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scient
33、ists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes（染色体）. Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also devel
34、oped an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics. Barbara McClintock decided to stu
35、dy botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a Master s degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate. McClintock stayed a
36、t Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the Great Depression. Millions ofAmericans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists
37、were not much in 40 demand. An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Morton Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory. It was a research centre on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary job with the genetics department
38、.Ashort time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid. By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClinto
39、ck won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize. 122. When did McClintock get a doctorate degree? A. In 1921.B. In 1923.C. In 1925.D. In 1927. 123. I
40、n the middle of the Great Depression in the US,. A. male geneticists were in great demand B. young scientists might have trouble finding a job C. female geneticists were not in demand at all D. male scientists lost their jobs and were out of work 124. Which of the following jobs was beneficial to Mc
41、Clintocks research? A. Ajob as a botany teacher. B. Atemporary job in the genetics department. C. Apermanent position in the laboratory. D. Ajob to research cancer. 125. Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize? A. Because she received a degree in genes and chromosomes. B. Because she contributed to
42、 genetic engineering and cancer research. C. Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes. D. Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes. 【答案】122. D123. B124. C125. C 【解析】 41 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述芭芭拉麦克林托克的经历，她是二十世纪 最重要的科学家之一，在基因和染色体方面有重大发现并获得诺贝尔奖。 【1
43、22 题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段最后两句 She completed a Masters degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate. 她于 1925 年获得硕士学位。两 年后，她完成了博士学位的所有要求。可知，麦克林托克于 1927 年获得博上学位， 故选 D。 【123 题详解】 推理判断题。由第五段 The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The cou
44、ntry was in the middle of the Great Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand. 在美国，20 世纪 30 年代不是一个年轻科学家的好时代。当时美国正处于大萧条时 期。数百万美国人失业。男性科学家得到了工作。但当时对女性遗传学家的需求并 不大。可推出，年轻的科学家在大萧条时期很难找到工作，故选 B。 【124 题详解】 细节理解题。由倒数第
45、二段最后两句 Ashort time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.不久之后，她接受了实验室的一个永 久职位。这给了她继续她的研究的自由，而不需要教学或反复要求经济援助。可知， 在实验室长期工作对她的研究是有帮助的，故选 C。 【125 题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“McCli
46、ntock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. 1983 年，麦克林托克因发现基因能够改变染色体上的位置而获得诺 贝尔生理学或医学奖。可知，由于她在基因与染色体方面的发现，她获得了诺贝尔 奖，故选 C。 【点睛】一般定位关键词适用于解答细节理解题。通过定位关键词解题，考生在阅 读题干时，把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，或者选项中的关键词，然后 用这个词回到原文当中
47、定位。如小题 1 题干中的 doctorate degree，再如小题 4 题干 42 中的 Nobel Prize，可以帮助快速找出答案。 VI 七选五七选五. Most Valuable Possessions on Earth Marie was a single mother of two children in a rural Missouri community. _126_ She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects. Then one day Marie rece
48、ived some shocking news from her doctor. She had cancer, and it was spreading rapidly. _127_ Soon , Marie witnessed what she had always known: although she was not financially wealthy, she already had the most valuable possessions on earth. Hundreds in her community and surrounding areas teamed up t
49、o help her and her family. Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated appreciation for Maries life. _128_ However, she lived long enough to feel the love of those she had cheerfully served. The spirits of love and gratitude multiply(增加) when they are shared. _129_ Giving selflessly was
50、a value that Marie displayed all her life, and her spirit of giving lived after her in those who knew and loved her. All her life, Marie had demonstrated（演示） the truth of this simple principle : _130_ Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have. We can find the happin
