1、Unit 1 C cultural heritageDiscovering useful structures【学习目标】【学习目标】1. Summarize the functions of relative pronouns and adverbs;2. Learn the difference between restrictive relative clause and non-restrictive relative clause预习案预习案【学习过程学习过程】Step 1: 自主学习自主学习任务一：任务一：自学课本 unit 1 的词汇与短语。要求：根据录音及单词音标，首先会读单词
2、接着边读边写记单词，注意中英文的转换，最后默写单词。Step 2: 单词自学检测单词自学检测Download, republic, professional, archaeologist, entrance, pyramid, process, overseas探究案探究案【合作探究】【合作探究】Lead-inLets play a game of definitionsOne asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses.Work out two more questions of your
3、 ownEXAMPLEA: What is an exit?B: An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building1 What s a library?(from/in which: where)2 What s a good friend? (to whom; who)3 What s a vacation? (during which; when)4 What s a football coach? (from whom; who)Observation1 Look at the sentences below
4、 and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and puttogether again in a place where they were safe from the water.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem and citizens who lived near thedam, the
5、government turned to the United Nations for help.The spirit of the Aswan Dam is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by theUNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the worldfrom disappearing.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of t
6、emples and destroy cultural relics thatwere an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.【知识探究】【知识探究】一、正确使用关系代词和关系副词一、正确使用关系代词和关系副词1）关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)指代的先行词表示人或物，并在句中充当主语、宾语、说明所属关系的定语等成分。如：1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(先行词为 the man, 指人，who / that 在从句中作主语，不可省略)2. He i
7、s the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(先行词为 the man, whom / that 在从句中作宾语，指人，可省略)3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(先行词为 the man，whose 在句中作定语，指明 man 和 car 的关系)4. Please pass me the book which is on your left.(先行词为 the book，在句中作主语，指物，不可省略)2）关系代词 which 和 that 都可以指代物，经常可以互换，但是
8、在以下情况只能用 that，不能用 which：1. 先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, everything,all,much,few,any,little 时；如：Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.2. 先行词被 the only, the very, the just 修饰时；如：He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；The first Engli
9、sh book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain.4. 先行词既有人又有物时；如：He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.5. 当主句是以 who 或 which 开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用 that；如：Who is the person that is standing at the gate?6. 关系代词在从句中作表语时；如：He is not the man that he used to be.3）关系代词 which 和 th
10、at 都可以指代物，经常可以互换，但是在以下情况不能用 that，只能用 which：1. 介词前置时；如：This is the library from which I borrowed the novel last week. 这是我上周借阅小说的图书馆。我们可以说：The world that we live in is made up of matter. 我们生活的世界是物质构成的。但是我们不能说：The world in that we live is made up of matter.这时我们需要把 that 变成 which2. 非限定性定语从句中；如：The govern
11、ment made a proposal, which led to violent protests later.政府作出一个议案，后来引起了激烈的反对。4）关系副词(when, where, why)指代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在定语从句中作状语。关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用。如：1. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.2. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our of
12、fer?3. His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.4. He cant find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.定语从句常见问题定语从句常见问题1. 如何判断用关系代词和关系副词方法：用关系代词，还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词前面为主语，后面为宾语，如果主语位或宾语位成分空缺，那么引导定语从句的关系词为关系代词;如果关系词可以放在介词后作介宾，那么关系词为关系代词；不及物动词前为主语，如果主语位空缺，定
13、语从句的关系词为关系代词，如果主语位不空缺，定语从句的关系词为关系副词。如：1) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.注意：我们习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。正确使用关系词的关键是关系词在定语从句中担任的句子成分，与谓语动词的位置。This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.2. 定语从句可分为限定性定语
14、从句和非限定性定语从句，关键是看有无逗号把先行词与定语从句分开。若有，是非限定性定语从句，此时关系词不能省略；若无，则是限定性定语从句。1) 限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 引导限定性定语从句的关系代词有 who， whom， whose，that， which，as;关系副词有 where when, why。This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.
15、这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 （这是电脑，语义不完整）The woman who/that survived the earthquake isAmys English teacher.在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。2) 非限定性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切， 只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明， 如果去掉，也不会影响全句的理解。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
16、与引导限制外，其他都可以。非限定性定语从句的使用：a. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，如：Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.He is English, which I know from his accent.b. 在非限定定语从句中，as 也可代替 which 用作关系代词，常放在逗号后面，若 as 在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。如：The boy has as much progress, as we had exp
17、ected.As everyone knows , China is a beautiful country with a long history.Exercises1.用正确的关系代词或关系副词补全句子1. The house_I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.2. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successfulbusiness.3. I refuse to accept the bla
18、me for something _was someone elses fault.4. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of havingheart disease than those _ dont.5.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _left their village homesfor a better life in the city.6. We shouldnt spend our money
19、testing so many people, most of_are healthy.2. 用定语从句重新句子1). He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo_.2). The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. Itwas formed by members from fifteen countries.The pr
20、oject team_.3). The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk .I found themyesterday.The place _4). Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted topreserve it for the next generation.The reason _Homework1. Review the grammar2. Preview listening and talking
