1、UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONPart 1Reading and Thinking基础知识过关.单词拼写1.We should(抓住) the precious chance, otherwise we would regret it sooneror later.2.Our country has always been pursuing a(政策)of peace to deal withinternational affairs.3.As an English teacher, you should master the current(趋势) in lan
2、guageteaching.4.The news of the high-speed rail link in this area is soon(播送)all over thecountryside.5.Now the low(碳) lifestyle is advocated, which is an important measure tokeep sustainable development.6.The reporter has made a(详尽的)report on how the lunar soil was broughtto the earth.选词填空have an im
3、pact on;refer to;be trapped in;result in;take measures1.My teacher asked us tothe first article in the magazine for details.2.The government has promised toto help the unemployed.3.Linda is likely tothis storm. If so, she must be in danger.4.The expert stressed at the conference that if not checked,
4、 the accident coulda national disaster.5.As a matter of fact, these TV programmeshis English study. Theyhelped him to pronounce the English words better.单句语法填空1.The house that is being built should be(habit) by the new year.2.The professor explained to us what(sustain) economic development was.3.It
5、is said that speed is restricted30 mph in towns in this country.4.In conversation, he smiles(frequent), which makes people feel pleased.5.In some African countries, thousands of people are on the point of(starve)to death.6.As is often instructed by our teacher, music is a great channel for(release)y
6、our emotions.7.These statistics are important from an(ecology) point of view, becausethey offer much support to our long-term development.课文语法填空There is little doubt that Earth1(get) warmer and warmer. The “man-made”greenhouse effect has contributed to the climate change.There is strong and comprehe
7、nsive evidence that the rise in temperature has ledto2increase in extreme weather and natural3(disaster) worldwide, notonly causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists havewarned that4we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will5(probable) continue and the
8、re will be a higher price to pay.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result6further warming andlong-lasting changes to the global climate,7requires the attention of people allover the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriateactions and measures8(reduce) greenhou
9、se gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by9(restrict) theamount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our10(responsible) toseize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with itscauses and impacts, because this is the most serious
10、issue affecting all of us on thisplanet.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.能力提升训练.阅读理解AGases, like black carbon, methane(甲烷)and ozone(臭氧) in city smog, arecalled “short-lived climate pollutants(污染物)”, which exist both outdoors andindoors and decrease agricultural crops.WHO says emissions of these climate pollutan
11、ts cause many serious illnesses,including lung cancer. And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than7 million premature deaths each year that are connected with air pollution.Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change.But the good news is that they
12、 only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years.That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain forhundreds or even thousands of years.According to Maria Neira, when you address the short-lived pollutants, you canreduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air
13、quality. You will have animmediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of airpollution.WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these short-livedclimate pollutants. At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiringhigher emission and efficienc
14、y standards. More emissions are released when enginesare running.Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death. WHOreports that nearly 3 billion low-income households rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, woodand kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. Cleaner and more
15、efficientstoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks.Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment andpolicies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and pedestrian orwalking routes. Such investment could have many benefits, including safe
16、r travel,reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity.The WHO report also calls for encouraging high-income and middle-incomepopulations to include more plant-based foods in their diets. It says this could reducethe risk of developing heart disease and some cancers, a
17、nd could also slow themethane gas production that comes with some animal-sourced foods.1.The “short-lived climate pollutants” are so called because.A.they cause many to die youngB.they exist shorter than greenhouse gasesC.they live indoors for a short timeD.they have a short effect on peoples health
18、2.The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 4 means “”.A.live onB.talk aboutC.deal withD.turn to3.What can be inferred from the whole passage?A.Rich people hardly ever eat plant-based foods in daily life.B.No emissions are released from stopped engines.C.Governments should take measures to fight po
19、llution.D.Heart disease and some cancers are caused by the pollutants.4.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.The ways to fight air pollutionB.Reducing “short-lived climate pollutants” to save livesC.Some sources of serious air pollutionD.A report on pollution from WHOB(2021 浙江丽
20、水高二下期末)Sea urchins (海胆) are small creatures, but whats really remarkable about themis that they eat anything that happens to float by. They have really sharp teeth they useto rid rocks of algae (海藻), which makes them pretty valuable especially in placeslike Hawaii where algae are threatening the cor
21、al reefs. In the summer of 2019,500,000 of them were used to deal with the algae.The problem started when non-native algae were introduced to the ecosystem ofKaneohe Bay in the 1970s. Because they had no enemies, they ended up taking overthe bay, according to the National Marine Fisheries Service (N
22、MFS). The algaeprevented sunlight from reaching the coral, which in turn affected the local fishbecause they changed the chemistry of the water.Thats when NMFS turned to sea urchins that love to devour the algae. But theyhad to grow to the size of a cherry tomato before they could be used. Since 201
23、1, seaurchins have been grown and used to handle the algae problem. Some of the funds areavailable due to an unfortunate incident.In 2005, a ship was grounded on a shallow reef near Kaneohe Bay. When theship was removed, 20 acres of reefs have been damaged. When there is environmentaldamage, NMFS an
24、d other agencies receive funds from the wrongdoers and the fundsare used to restore the damage. Some funds were spent on other projects like the seaurchins. When they are large enough, divers carefully place them on the reef.Algae arent the only thing that threatens the coral reefs. Climate change a
25、nd theeffects of fishing and tourism in the area also endanger the coral reefs. But turning tosea urchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best way to go.5.Why are sea urchins regarded as outstanding creatures?A.They are tiny but have teeth.B.They can keep the ocean clean.C.They are usef
26、ul for removing algae.D.They grow on coral reefs with algae.6.What happened after non-native algae arrived at Kaneohe Bay?A.They helped the coral reefs to survive.B.They spread to every corner of the bay.C.They didnt fit in with the new surroundings.D.They fought against other species to get food.7.
27、What does the underlined word “devour” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Eat.B.Block.C.Tease.D.Attract.8.What does the author suggest doing to save coral reefs?A.Relying on human solutions.B.Banning fishing and tourism.C.Employing divers to handle algae.D.Letting nature take care of nature.语法填空(2021 湖南衡阳八中高二第二次
28、月考)Sun BearThough small,they can be very aggressive,so if you see one,dont mistake it1a soft lovely teddy bear!The sun bear lives in trees,2youll need to keep youreyes on the tree if you want to see one and you can only see them in the tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia.They are essential to our
29、 ecosystem because they help spread seeds while alsokeeping disgusting termites(白蚁)under control,which means there is less3(destruct)of our tropical trees, which in turn4(mean)our atmosphere is cleanenough for us to live5(healthy).When they come down from the trees, they also dig for invertebrates(无
30、脊椎动物)in the soil,6(improve)the forests nutrient cycle by mixing the rich and poorsoil.Unfortunately,their global population7(decline)30% over the last fewyears,making them the second8(rare)bear species worldwide next to the giantpanda.Their tongues are up to 25 cm in9(long)and help them to satisfy t
31、heirgreedy appetite for honey,10sometimes makes them known as “honey bears”.You can tell the sun bear from other bear species by the horseshoe marks on theirchest. No two markings are the same!1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.参考答案与解析参考答案与解析基础知识过关.1.seize2.policy3.trend4.broadcast/prehensive.1.refer to2.take mea
32、sures3.be trapped in4.result in5.had an impact on.1.habitable考查形容词。 句意:这所正在建造的房子到新年时应该就可以住了。此处应用形容词作表语,habitable 适于居住的。2.sustainable考查形容词。句意:教授向我们解释了什么是经济可持续性发展。此处应用形容词修饰名词 development。sustainable 可持续的。3.to考查介词。句意:据说在这个国家,城镇限速每小时 30 英里。be restricted to局限于;被限制于。4.frequently考查副词。句意:在谈话中,他经常微笑,这使人们感到愉快
33、。修饰动词 smiles,应该用副词。5.starving考查动名词。句意:在一些非洲国家,成千上万的人就要饿死了。本题考查 on the point of doing,故填 starving。6.releasing考查动名词。句意: 正如我们老师经常教导的那样,音乐是宣泄情感的一个好方法。根据句子结构可知,设空处作介词 for 的宾语,需要使用动名词,故填 releasing。7.ecological考查形容词。句意: 从生态学的角度看,这些统计数据很重要,因为它们为我们的长期发展提供了很多支持。根据句子意思可知,设空处修饰后面的名词短语,需要使用所给词的形容词形式,故填 ecologica
34、l。.1.is getting考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:几乎没有疑问,地球正变得越来越暖和。根据语境可知应该用现在进行时。主语是 Earth,故填 is getting。2.an考查冠词。句意:有充分而全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加。 此处表泛指,用不定冠词;increase 以元音音素开头,故用冠词 an。3.disasters考查名词的数。 disaster 表示“灾难”时为可数名词,空前无限定词,故用复数。natural disasters 自然灾害。4.if考查条件状语从句。句意:气候科学家警告说,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖的趋势可能会继
35、续下去,(人们)将付出更高的代价。 if 引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。5.probably考查副词。修饰动词 continue,应该用副词形式。6.in考查动词短语。句意:持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化。result in 导致。7.which考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句的内容,故用 which。8.to reduce考查不定式。句意:(各国)政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。动词不定式在此处表示目的。9.restricting考查动名词。句意:作为个人,我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来
36、减少我们的“碳足迹”。by doing sth.意思为“通过做某事”。10.responsibility考查名词。 句意:我们的责任是抓住每一个机会就全球变暖以及它的原因和影响教育每个人,因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。 由形容词性物主代词 our 可以判断,此空填名词,表示“责任”,故用 responsibility。能力提升训练.A1.B细节理解题。 由文章第三段中的But the good news is that they only stay in theatmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorte
37、r than carbon dioxide, agreenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds or even thousands of years.可知,“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得名。故选 B。2.C词义猜测题。 由画线单词后的 you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and thenimprove air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health anddiseases because of
38、the reduction of air pollution 可知,这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。 由此可推知,画线单词的意思是“处理掉,解决掉”。 live on 靠生活;talkabout 谈论;deal with 处理,应付;turn to 转向。故选 C。3.C推理判断题。由第五段中的 cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higheremission and efficiency standards 以及倒数第二段中的 Another way to cut back onthese pollutants is to have more i
39、nvestment and policies for rapid transport.可推知,政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选 C。文章最后一段第一句只是建议高收入和中等收入的人群多食用植物性食物,这并不能推断出富人几乎从不吃植物性食物,A 项错误;由文章第五段最后一句可知,当发动机运作时会释放更多的排放物,所以可推断出当发动机不运作时也会释放排放物,B项错误;由文章第二段第一句可知污染物会引发一些严重的疾病,例如肺癌,再由文章最后一段可知,多食用植物性食物可以降低患心脏病和一些癌症的风险,所以,污染物可能会导致一些癌症,但是我们不能推断出它们也会导致心脏病,D 项错误。4.B主旨大意
40、题。这是一篇说明文,文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害,后五段提出了解决方案。只有选项 B 中的“short-lived climate pollutants”可与本文主题“短期气候污染物”呼应,其中的Reducing 也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选 B。A 项范围太广,没有具体到“短期气候污染物”。B语篇解读海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。 藻类并不是唯一威胁珊瑚礁的东西。 气候变化以及该地区渔业和旅游业的影响也威胁着珊瑚礁。但是用海胆代替人工解决方案似乎是最好的选择。5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Sea urchins (
41、海胆) are small creatures, butwhats really remarkable about them is that.where algae are threatening the coralreefs.可知海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。6.B推理判断题。 根据第二段中的The problem started when non-native algae wereintroduced to the ecosystem of Kaneohe Bay in the 1970s. Because they had noenemies, they end
42、ed up taking over the bay,可知非本地藻类到达卡内奥赫湾后,它们没有天敌,最终占领了这个海湾。故选 B。7.A词义猜测题。根据第一段第一、二句可知海胆喜欢吃任何碰巧漂过的东西,它们的尖牙可以用来清除岩石上的海藻,由此推知,画线词的意思是“吃”。eat吃;block 阻止;tease 取笑,戏弄;attract 吸引。故选 A。8.D推理判断题。 根据最后一段 Algae arent the only thing that.But turning to seaurchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best
43、 way to go.可知,作者建议用自然方式来拯救珊瑚礁。.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来熊的相关信息,如栖息地、对大自然的好处、数量变得越来越少等情况。1.for/as考查介词。 mistake.for/as.意为“把错认为,把误当作”。故填 for/as。2.so考查连词。 句意:马来熊生活在树上,所以如果你想看它,你需要盯着树。根据句意可知,空格前后之间是因果关系,所以用连词 so。故填 so。3.destruction考查名词。句意:它们对我们的生态系统至关重要,因为它们有助于传播种子,同时还能控制住令人厌恶的白蚁,这意味着对热带树木的破坏更少,相应地意味着我们的大气足够
44、干净,可以让我们健康地生活。根据空格前的限定词“less”可知,此处应用名词。故填 destruction。4.means考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子可知,此处是一个 which 引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰其对应的整个主句“there is less destruction of our tropical trees”,谓语动词应用单数形式;又根据上下文语境可知,此处应用一般现在时。故填means。5.healthily考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词 live。故填 healthily。6.improving考查现在分词。句意:当它们从树上下来的时候,它们也会在土壤中挖掘无脊椎动物,通过混合
45、肥沃和贫瘠的土壤改善了森林的营养物循环。分析句子可知,此处应用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填 improving。7.has declined考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“over the last fewyears”可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语“their global population”表示单数意义,所以填 has declined。8.rarest考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的“the second”可知,此处应用形容词的最高级。故填 rarest。9.length考查名词。句意:它们的舌头长达 25 厘米。in length 是固定用法,意为“在长度上”。故填 length。10.which考查非限制性定语从句。 分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的整个主句的内容,从句中缺少主语,所以用 which 引导该从句。故填which。
