1、basin penguinreform undergo implementharmonious moderate submit n.流域流域; ;盆地盆地; ;盆盆n.企鹅企鹅vi.& vt.改革改革; (; (使使) )改正改正; ;改造改造n.改革改革; ;变革变革; ;改良改良v.( (underwent, undergone ) )经历经历; ;经受经受( (变化、变化、不快等不快等) )vt. 使生效使生效; ;贯彻贯彻; ;执行执行adj.和谐的和谐的adj.适度的适度的; ;中等的中等的; ;温和的温和的vi.&vt.缓缓和和; ;使适中使适中vt. & vi.提交提交; ;呈递
2、呈递; ;屈服屈服annual tropicalchaos on behalf of nuclear sensitive jungle smog originate volumeadj.每年的每年的; - -年的年的 n.年刊年刊;年鉴年鉴. adj.热带的热带的;来自热带的来自热带的n.混乱混乱;杂乱杂乱;紊乱紊乱代表代表(代替代替)某人某人adj.原子能的原子能的;核能的核能的;原子核的原子核的adj.敏感的敏感的;善解人意的善解人意的;灵敏的灵敏的n.(热带热带)丛林丛林;密林密林n.烟雾烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物烟与雾混合的空气污染物)vi. & vt.起源起源;发源发源;创立创立n
3、.量量;体积体积; (成套书籍中的成套书籍中的)一卷一卷garbage enterprise restore conservation dozen.dozens of regulation disposalinspection finen.垃圾垃圾;废物废物n.公司公司;企业企业;事业事业vt.恢复恢复;使复原使复原;修复修复n.对对(环境、文物等环境、文物等)保护保护;保持保持n.(- )打打;十二个十二个.许多许多;很多很多 n.章程章程;规章制度规章制度n.去掉去掉;清除清除;处理处理n.检查检查;查看查看;视察视察vt. 对对.处以罚款处以罚款campaign waterway tol
4、erate agenda Norway Svalbard Hurricane Katrina n.运动运动;战役战役vi. & vt.参加运动参加运动;领导运动领导运动n.水道水道;航道航道vt.忍受忍受;包容包容;容许容许n.议程表议程表;议事日程议事日程挪威挪威( (北欧国家北欧国家) )斯瓦尔巴群岛斯瓦尔巴群岛( (挪威挪威) )飓风卡特里娜飓风卡特里娜Discover useful structuresDirect Speech and Indirect Speech (I): statements and questionsWhatre the differences between
5、 direct speech and indirect speech?1 The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.2 The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3 The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4 The expert ad
6、vised us to work together to stop climate change.1 The expert said “from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”2 The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change? ”3 The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction? ”4 “Lets
7、work together to stop climate change, ”the expert said.Direct speechIndirect speechTo report what exactly has been saidThe words usually appear in quotation marksTo report what has been said without using the exact wordsNo quotation marksWhat did he/ she say?The girl is my sister Lucy.Today is windy
8、.I want to eat apples.PeterMaryLucyPeterMary said thatLucy said thattoday was windy.the girl was her sister Lucy.she wanted to eat apples.said that Direct Speech and indirect Speech引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;_;直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来， 引号引号
9、“ ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句宾语从句How to change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech ?1. (人称变化人称变化,时态变化时态变化,时间、地点状语变化时间、地点状语变化 ) 2. 直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句变为间接引语变为间接引语的方法的方法 3. 直接引语是直接引语是一般疑问句一般疑问句变为间接引语变为间接引语的方法的方法 4. 直接引语是直接引语是祈使句祈使句变为间接引语的方法变为间接引语的方法 1. Zhang Yan said “ Ill co
10、me this evening.” She said (that) she would go that evening.2. My sister said to me, “Im leaving tomorrow.” My sister told me (that) she was leaving the next /(following) day.3.Zhou Jun said, “My mother is not here now.” He said (that) his mother was not there then.1. 直接引语是直接引语是陈述句陈述句变为间接引语的方法变为间接引语
11、的方法 引导词为引导词为:语序语序:that不变不变(that可省略可省略)总结：总结：1. 加加that 2. 陈述句语序陈述句语序 3. 检查人称，时态检查人称，时态口诀口诀 说明说明直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语人称变化人称变化一一随随主主二二 随随 宾宾 三三 不不 变变引号内的第一人称引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变变间引后人称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She
12、 said that she liked tennis.Deng Tao said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致. 陈述句: A. Changes of the pron: 时态变化 直接引语直接引语一般一般现在时现在时 do/doe
13、s一般将来时一般将来时will do现在进行时现在进行时amdoing现在完成时现在完成时have done一般过去时一般过去时 did过去完成时过去完成时had done 间接引语间接引语一般过去时一般过去时 did过去将来时过去将来时 would do过去进行时过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时过去完成时had done过去完成时过去完成时had done过去完成时过去完成时had done如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,遵守时态变化原遵守时态变化原则：没则：没“过去过去”，给个，给个“过去过去”；有；有“过去过去”，加个，加个“完成完成”。陈述
14、句: B. Changes of the tense: 注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态 不变不变直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。 The teacher said The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said (that) the earth moves around the sun earth.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：如： Lei Miao said I was born on Decemb
15、er 11, 1999. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Yang Long said “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me.” Yang Long said he was doing chores when Tom had come to see him.Lei Miao said she was born on December 11, 1999.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。
16、如： Wen Hui said, “I get up at six every morning。” 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式,时态不时态不再变再变（例：（例：could, should, would, might）The doctor said to me, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The doctor said to me I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 或已经是过去时的形式时或已经是过去时的形式时，时态不再变。时态不再变。 （例：（例： ought
17、to， had better, used to） Dang Ran said to me. You had better come here today. She said (that) she gets up at six every morning. Dang Ran said to me (that) I had better go there that day. 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this
18、week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next/following daynext month the next/following month here there come, go,bring take 情态动词情态动词 can, may, must could, might, had to 陈述句陈述句: C. Changes
19、of adverbials , verbs and so on: 如果就在当天转述, tomorrow, yesterday, tomorrow不变如果在当地转述, here不必改为there come 不必改为 go2. 直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句变为间接引语的方法变为间接引语的方法 引导词为引导词为:语序语序: “What do you want?” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted.2. The teacher asked me, “Why do you want to do that?” The teacher asked me
20、 why I wanted to do that.3. She asked me, “Where have you been?” She asked me where I had been.特殊疑问词特殊疑问词wh-陈述语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）陈述语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）总结：总结：1. 加特殊疑问词加特殊疑问词 2. 陈述句语序陈述句语序 3. 检查人称，时态检查人称，时态一随主一随主, ,二随宾二随宾, ,三不变三不变1. He asked me, “Are you interested in it?” He asked (me) if/whether I was interest
21、ed in it.2. He asked me, “Do you like this film?” He asked if/whether I liked that film.3. 直接引语是直接引语是一般疑问句一般疑问句变为间接引语的方法变为间接引语的方法 引导词为引导词为:语序语序:if if 或或 whetherwhether陈述（即主语在前，谓语在后）陈述（即主语在前，谓语在后）总结：总结：1. 加加if /whether 2. 陈述句语序陈述句语序 3. 检查人称，时态检查人称，时态4. 直接引语是直接引语是祈使句祈使句变为间接引语的方法变为间接引语的方法 间接引语应改为间接引语应改
22、为 “tell (ask, order等等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。句型。 She said to the boys , “ Dont talk.” She asked the boys She said, “Be quiet.” She asked us to be quiet.not to talk.1 Jim said, “I like football.” 2 Tom asked me ,“Do you like this book ?”3 Peter said to me, “what do you like ?” 4 Mary said to me, “Cl
23、ose the window.” Jim said that he liked football.”Tom asked me if/whether I liked this book . Peter asked me what I liked .Mary asked me to close the window.陈述句，特殊、一般疑问句，祈使句由直接陈述句，特殊、一般疑问句，祈使句由直接 引语变为间接引语的区别引语变为间接引语的区别Summary性质：性质：间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句人称人称: :一随主一随主, ,二随宾二随宾, ,三不变三不变时态：时
24、态：主句为主句为一般过去时态一般过去时态，从句相应的变化，从句相应的变化引导词引导词: :陈述句陈述句: : 用用thatthat一般疑问句一般疑问句: : 用用ifif或或whetherwhether特殊疑问句特殊疑问句: : 用用特殊疑问词特殊疑问词祈使句：祈使句： tell sb. to do s.thtell sb. to do s.th ask sb. to do s.th ask sb. to do s.th order sb. to do s.th order sb. to do s.th1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that n
25、ever meat.2. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun in the east and _ down in the west.3. “I meet her here.” he told me.He me that he her .4. He said to Jim, “You can sit here, Jim.”He Jim that he sit there.5. He asked her mother , “How
26、do you find it, mother?”He asked her mother it.heaterisesgoestoldmettheretoldcouldhowshefoundPractice 1 The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it Awas travelling Btravelled Chad been traveling Dwas to travel 2 I wonder why Jenny _ us recentlyWe should have heard from her by now. A
27、hasnt written Bdoesnt write Cwont write Dhadnt written 3 Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether Here are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures. Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentenc
28、es into indirect speech. Statements/QuestionsWhat made Hurricane Katrina unusual?Was it the worst natural disaster in American history? “I want to become a scientist and help the world.Im doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?Could you exp
29、lain how the nuclear disasters happened?How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting?What can we do to help the wild animals?Ive never been to the Amazon Jungle.Will scientists discover new species there?NameDianeMarthaBobLauraVincen Work in groups. Do a survey on what your group membe
30、rs are doing to help the environment and what else they can do. Then report to the class.I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping, rather than use plastic bags.I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.Dont print out documents unless really necessary.Would it be best to share books with others?Michelle Jack Sally Joe Review1. 直接引语和间接引语的概念。直接引语和间接引语的概念。2. 直接引语和间接引语之间如何直接引语和间接引语之间如何 相互转换。相互转换。3. 注意人称、时态、指示代词、时注意人称、时态、指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。各个击破各个击破Can you use the indirect-speechcorrectly?Self-evaluationFinish the exercises in Learning English.
