1、 名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句subject clause 宾语从句object clause 表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句1. _it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear _ the sh
2、ape would last or not.3. _ is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.4. It was not immediately obvious _ water was to be fundamental to the development of life.5. _ many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth t
3、o dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6. So _ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.WhatWhetherWhatthatWhatWhether一、认识主语从句一、认识主语从句主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.从句从句作主语作主语的的从句从句叫叫主语从句
4、主语从句。名词名词主语从句主语从句1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out .5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been dec
5、ided yet.: 从句作主语从句作主语如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是那么这个句子就是主语从句主语从句。引导名词性从句的引导名词性从句的连接词连接词可分为可分为3类类:1. 从属连词从属连词: that, whether, if (不作成分不作成分, 只起只起连接连接作用作用, that无意无意, whether/if 是否是否)2. 连接代词连接代词: what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever (作成分，起连接作用，有实意作成分，起连接
6、作用，有实意)3. 连接副词连接副词: when, where, how, why (作状语，起连接作用，有实意作状语，起连接作用，有实意)做题方法：做题方法：1.1.如果从句中如果从句中缺少成分缺少成分, , 选用选用连接代词连接代词, , 根据句子所要表达的意思选定其中一个。根据句子所要表达的意思选定其中一个。2.2.如果从句中如果从句中不缺成分不缺成分，则从，则从从属连词和连接副词从属连词和连接副词里选里选, , 根据句子所要表达的根据句子所要表达的 意思选定其中一个。意思选定其中一个。二、掌握连接词二、掌握连接词 1. 从属连词从属连词that和和whether/if(1) that在
7、从句中在从句中不充当不充当句子成分句子成分, 无意义无意义, 只起连接只起连接作用作用,但但不可省略不可省略。That she became a famous author made her parents very happy.That China will become more powerful is certain. (2) whether在从句中在从句中不充当不充当句子成分句子成分, 意为意为“是否是否”, 起起连接连接作用作用, 不可省略不可省略。Whether we go there by train or by air makes no difference.Whether l
8、ife exists on other planets is not clear. 练一练：从属连词练一练：从属连词that, whether, if1. _ we are permitted to use the library is not known.2. _ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.3. _ the child formed the habit of playing computer games made his mother angry.4. _ light travels in straight line
9、s is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。众所周知，光沿直线传播。WhetherThatThatWhether2. 连接代词连接代词引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 连接代词在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接代词在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接代词有：连接代词有：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等。等。1) What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.2) Whoever bre
10、aks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。违反本法者应予以罚款。3) Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。连接代词：连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever1. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters wors
11、e was that night bigan to fall.2. There is no doubt, in my opinion, that _matters is not the quantity, but the quality of the products.3. _one is better will be decided by yourself.4. _ will be our English teacher in the new term hasnt been decided yet.5. In my opinion, _ matters is not ones looks,
12、but ones inner thoughts.6. _was said here must be kept secret.7. _ of you gets there first will get the prize.whatWhichWhowhatwhatWhateverWhichever3连接副词连接副词引导的主语从句引导的主语从句连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。连接副词有：因等。连接副词有：when, where, why, how等。等。1) When we will have a meeting is an im
13、portant question.2) Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.主语从句中主语从句中连接词连接词的的选择技巧选择技巧：(1) 根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分；根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分；(2) 根据连接词在从句中的意义。根据连接词在从句中的意义。练一练：连接副词：练一练：连接副词：when, where, how, why1. _Zhai Zhigang ate his food in space is what we want to know.2. _ they will have the sports
14、 meeting is still a question, for they have so many things to do.3. _he didnt come yesterday is unknown.4. _ more and more students show little interest in this activity makes her puzzled.WhenWhyWhyHow三、三、主语从句主语从句与与形式主语形式主语it 有时为了考虑有时为了考虑句子平衡句子平衡, 在句子中在句子中使用形式主语使用形式主语it, 而而将真正的将真正的主语移至句末主语移至句末。常见的用形
15、式主语。常见的用形式主语it引导的主语从句结构有：引导的主语从句结构有：1. Its a pity (that) you cant attend my birthday party. 很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。析：析：It be名词词组主语从句名词词组主语从句常用于这种句型的名词词组有：常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等。等。2. It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemi
16、stry. 这是真的，他在化学领域有重大发现。这是真的，他在化学领域有重大发现。析：析：It be形容词主语从句形容词主语从句3. Its suggested that the old man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest. 这位老人被建议到乡村去休息一下。这位老人被建议到乡村去休息一下。析：析：It be过去分词主语从句过去分词主语从句It be + 名词词组名词词组/形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词/及物动词及物动词/ 不及物动词不及物动词 + 主语从句主语从句4. It seems to me that you disagree
17、 with the plan. 在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。析析: It不及物动词不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, etc.)主语从句主语从句5. It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。析析: It及物动词宾语及物动词宾语that从句从句注意：注意：1. 当形容词是当形容词是necessary, important, essential等时，主语从句的谓语等时，主语从句的谓语用用“（should）+ 动词原形动
18、词原形”，即从句要用虚拟语气。，即从句要用虚拟语气。eg: It is necessary that you (should) master some computer skills. 2. 当过去分词是当过去分词是suggested, advised, ordered, requested, insisted, required等表示等表示建议、要求、命令、愿望建议、要求、命令、愿望等词时，主语从句的谓语等词时，主语从句的谓语用用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”, 即从句要用虚拟语气。即从句要用虚拟语气。eg: It is suggested that the meeting (sho
19、uld) be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。有人建议会议延期召开。It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in half an hour.我们被命令半小时之后到达那里。我们被命令半小时之后到达那里。 练一练：主语从句与形式主语练一练：主语从句与形式主语it1. It is a pity _ we cant arrive at the scene in time. 2. It doesnt interest me _ you succeed or not.3.-It remains to be seen _ the plan can
20、be put into practice. - It depends on your determination.4. It remains to be seen_ they are wrong in the matter.whetherwhether/ ifwhether/ if that1. 引导主语从句并在句首引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. 引导表语从句引导表语从句 The question is whether hell come.3. 介词后用介词后用whether Im not sure about whether
21、well win.4. whether or not 5. whether to do whether与与if 均为均为“是否是否”, 但下列情况下但下列情况下只用只用whether：注意注意1:1:1. 通常我们把通常我们把主语从句主语从句看成是看成是单数形式单数形式, 故故从句作主语从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数。1) That she is still alive is a puzzle.2) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter.3) Where we will go hasnt been decided.2. 2个或个或2个
22、以上主语从句个以上主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。 When they will set off for London and where they will stay _ not been decided yet.3. 2个或多个连接词个或多个连接词引导引导1个主语从句个主语从句时时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。When and where the conference will be held _not been decided yet. 注意注意2 2：谓语动词的单复数：谓语动词的单复数havehas 但是但是what引导的主语从句作主语时引导的主语从句作主
23、语时,谓语动词的谓语动词的数数应应与与后面的名词一致后面的名词一致。1) 若作表语的名词是若作表语的名词是不可数名词不可数名词或或可数名词单数可数名词单数, 谓语动谓语动词用词用单数单数2) 若是若是可数名词复数可数名词复数, 谓语动词常用谓语动词常用复数复数形式。形式。 What we need _ more time. What he needs _ that book. What he needs _ some books. is is are注意注意3:3:what: 在从句中在从句中作成分作成分, 如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语, 有含义有含义。that: 只起连接作用只起连接作用
24、。eg：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.由由 that 引导引导:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. 地球是圆的地球是圆的3. _ is a pity. 你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会 that 无意义无意义, 后接一个完整的句子后接一个完整的句子, that 不可省不可省what 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句 注意注意4:4:That the earth is roundThat
25、 you missed the chance1. His discovery has not yet been proved. What _.2. Do the other astronomers accept his ideas? It remains a question.Whether _.3. The first appearance of life on earth is still a mystery to scientists.How _.has not yet been proved is his discovery the other astronomers accept h
26、is ideas life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientistsremains a question4. Why is the earth becoming warmer? It is an important topic for research.Why _.5. Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody.It amazed everybody _.6. Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. What a surprise!It is a surprise _.that Stephan Hawking at 65 that Pluto is no longer considered a planet the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research experienced zero gravity during a flight.in our solar system
