1、1Unit 3 Fascinating Parks语法案语法案动词动词-ing 作主语、宾语和表语作主语、宾语和表语年年级：级：班班级：级：姓姓名：名：Learning aims:Help students master the usage of the the non-restrictive relative clause.Important and difficult pointsMaster the usage of the non-restrictive relative clause and make correct sentences bythemselves.I. Preview
2、 Case（预习案）（预习案）1Even though the sun is brightly shining，telling whether it is morning or night isimpossible.2The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the cultureyou are in.3For hundreds of years，looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.4Elsewhere, people
3、favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding thehead when they meet someone else.5 Getting here is quite difficult， so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seenSarek.6 However， you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany， as it is notconsidered polite.7Being in suc
4、h a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.8A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomachafter a meal.9Perhaps the best example is smiling.10. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier andstronger.【我的发现】以上动
5、名词或动名词短语，在句中作主语的有：_宾语的有：_；作表语的有：_。II. Exploring Case（探究探究案）案）一、一、动词动词-ing 形式作主语形式作主语1. 动词动词-ing 作主语时作主语时，往往表示经常性往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作习惯性的动作，通常置于通常置于_。Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Wasting a persons time is the same as killing him for his property.浪费一个人的时间等同于谋财害命。2【注意】【注意】不
6、定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。To look after children is her job today.她今天的工作是看孩子。Looking after children is her work.她的工作是照顾孩子。2. 动词动词-ing 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Helping others means helping ourselves.帮助别人意味着帮助我们自己。3. 为保为保持句子平衡持句子平衡，可用可用 it 作形式主语作形式主语，而将动名词短语放在句末而将动名词短语放在句末，其逻辑主语其逻辑主语泛指人们。泛
7、指人们。形式主语形式主语 it 代替动词代替动词-ing。此类句式常见的有：Its a waste of time doing sth做某事是浪费时间Its useful/useless/worthwhile/doing sth做某事有用/没用/是值得的Its no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth做某事没好处/没用/没意思It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.等别人替你做决定是没有用的。It is a waste of time persuading such a pers
8、on to join us.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。4. 动词动词-ing 的复合结构作主语的复合结构作主语，通常有两种形式，通常有两种形式形容词性物主代词 动词-ing名词所有格 动词-ingToms coming made me happy.汤姆的到来使我很高兴。His coming to the party made me very excited.他来参加派对使我很兴奋。5. 动词动词 ing 的时态和语态的时态和语态语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动名词仍保留着动词的许多特征，可以有自己的逻
9、辑主语、宾语、状语。动名词连同其后的宾语或状语，一起构成了动名词短语。同时动名词短语又具有名词的特性，可以在句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。（1）一般式一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状动名词的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。态同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说，爬山确实困难。（2）完成式。动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前）完成式。动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表
10、示的动作之前。Having ever travelled to that beautiful city has made him want to travel there again.曾经去那座美丽的城市旅游使他想再次去那儿旅行。（3）否定式。其否定式是在其前加）否定式。其否定式是在其前加 not。Im sorry for not finishing my task on time.抱歉，我没按时完成我的任务。（4）被动式。动名词的被动式表示该动词与句子的主语构成被动关系。被动式。动名词的被动式表示该动词与句子的主语构成被动关系。3Being asked to do so much homew
11、ork made him unhappy.被要求做这么多家庭作业使他不高兴。【即时演练】 _ (travel) a lot is a good way to help people becomeknowledgeable._ (give) a hand to those in need earned him a good reputation._ (expose) to the sun for a long time did great injury to him.二、动词二、动词 ing 形式作宾语形式作宾语1作动词的宾语作动词的宾语Would you mind opening the wi
12、ndow?你介意打开窗子吗？常接动词常接动词 ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：考虑建议盼原谅，_承认推迟没得想，_避免错过继续练，_否认完成停能赏，_不禁介意准逃亡，_不准冒险凭想象。_2作动词短语的宾语作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词ing 形式作宾语的动词短语有： insist on, object to, lead to, put off, giveup, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth 等。【用所给动词的
13、适当形式填空】She feels like _ (go) abroad for further education next year.I often practise _ (listen) and _ (speak) in public.The boy was lucky to escape _ (punish) for breaking the window.We dont allow _ (dive) in the pool with no teachers around.3在有些动词的后面在有些动词的后面，如如：start, begin, continue 等既可接动词等既可接动词 i
14、ng 也可接不定式也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。作宾语，两者意义区别不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他们继续工作，就好像什么也没发生过。4在在 love, hate, prefer, like 等动词后接动词等动词后接动词 ing 形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。不定式作宾语指具体的动作。He preferred staying in the house when it rained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词ing 形式作宾语，指每逢下雨都待
15、在家里。)I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)4【对比填空】He likes _but he doesnt like_ this afternoon.(swim)5有些动词有些动词(短语短语)后跟不定式和动词后跟不定式和动词 ing 形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：有：动词宾语的形式意义forgetto do忘记要做doing忘记做过rememberto do记着要去做doing记得做过regretto do遗憾/抱歉要做doi
16、ng后悔做了tryto do尽力做doing尝试做meanto do打算做doing意味着go onto do接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stopto do停下来去做(另一件事)doing停止做某事Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记得代我向你的家人问好。I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。【补全句子】Stop_ with others.不要拿自己和别人比较。Missing the trai
17、n means _错过了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。Dont _ in case it rains.别忘了带伞，以防下雨。6下列动词可接动词下列动词可接动词 ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形相当于不定式的被动形式。式。need/want/require/deserve doing need/want/require/deserve to be doneThe bike needs repairing/to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理一下。5【一句多译】这个问题值得讨论。_._.这个窗户需要清扫了。_._.6. 动词动词-ing
18、 形式作介词的宾语。要特别注意形式作介词的宾语。要特别注意: be / get used to, look forward to, payattention to, stick to, devote to 等中的等中的 to 都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。e.g. My father is used to _(go)to bed late and _(get) up very early.Im looking forward to _(receive) your reply. 高中阶段常见的带介词 to 的短语，后接-ing 形式或名词。look forward
19、to（渴望，盼望）admit to（承认）contribute to（捐助；贡献）get down to（着手做）give way to（让位于）keep to （坚持；遵守）lead to （导致）take to（从事）turn to （求助于）stick to（忠于、坚持）point to（指向；表明）see to （注意、处理）devote oneself to （献身于）be equal to （胜任的；等于）be familiar to （为熟悉）adjust oneself to.（调整以适应)be/get used to（习惯于）object to（反对；抗议）pay atten
20、tion to（注意）二、动词二、动词 ing 形式作表语形式作表语作表语的动词ing 形式包括现在分词现在分词和动名词动名词。1现在分词作表语现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质说明主语的性质、特征等特征等。作表语作表语的现在分词，多由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。的现在分词，多由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling,amusing, astonishing .
21、这类现在分词有“令人的”的含义，常修饰物。The argument is very boring.这个争论是很令人厌烦的。The story he told us was very interesting.他给我们讲的那个故事很有趣。【注意】 不定式和动词ed 形式也可作表语， 但不定式通常强调一次性的、 具体的、将要发生的动作；动词ed 形式则表示被动、完成含义。主语常常是人。62动名词动名词(短语短语)作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as
22、clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。【试判断下列句中动词ing 形式的类型】A动名词B现在分词My hobby is collecting stamps._What you said is really inspiring._What I am tired of is waiting here alone._. . Quiz Case（检测检测案）案）一、单句语法填空一、单句语法填空1. _（obtain）the first prize is the
23、ir goal.2. In Hangzhou,borrowing books from the library _(be) now as simple andconvenient as shopping online.3. Building up a dream team_(be)more complex than simply hiring the besttalent.4. Not _(finish) the homework on schedule made my teacherunhappy.5.A 90yearold woman has been awarded “Woman Of
24、The Year” for _ (be)Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 40 hours a week.6. You dont have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke, beoverweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running.7. _ (listen) to music can make us happy.8. They represent the ear
25、th _ (come) back to life and best wishes for newbeginnings.9. _(invite) to the concert is a great honor for us.10.Its useless _ (buffet) my car window.11. The reindeers _(come) gave us a big surprise.12. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by _ (sell) the fish.13. Your _ (join) frigh
26、tened the leopard away.14. The manager told me that my task was _ (clean) the floors of the building.15._(she)not coming back made her parents angry and sad.16. The_ (president)attending the meeting gave them a big surprise.17. Its no pleasure _(see) a movie alone.18.Scientists have responded by_ (n
27、ote) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.19.Its no use _ (cry) over the spilt milk.20.Its a waste of time _(ban) an eight-month baby from moving.721._（equip）with global vision（视野）and the spirit of innovation iscrucial to Chinas younger generation.22.The gentle girl is
28、busy _(set) down her notes in class.23.Young people may risk_(go) deaf if they are exposed to very loudmusic every day.24. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _ (look) directly into hiseyes so he doesnt feel challenged.25. The most popular pastime for a number of old people is _ (play)
29、chess.二、翻译1. 我经常想象他向我走来，脸上带着灿烂的笑容。_.2. 她睡着了，梦见偶遇到了 Tom._.3. 正在那时，整个房子都变得非常吵闹，每个人都在扯着嗓子大声喊叫。_.4. 泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来，她感到非常后悔。_.5. 她告诉了大家这条令人兴奋的消息，热泪盈眶。_.6. 眼见为实。_.7. 守时是一个人应该具备的重要素质。_.8. 做早操不仅对你的健康有好处，而且可以提高你的学习成绩。_.9. 在我们的日常饮食中摄入过多的脂肪和糖分没有好处。（it 作形式主语）_.10. 毫无疑问，获得急救知识将对我们的生活有影响。_.三、完成课本练习A. Rewrite each o
30、f the following sentences using -ing form as the subject. Howdoes the sentence focus change?(P29)1. It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad._2. It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to theextreme cold._83. Honestly,it can be both exciting and terrifyi
31、ng to explore a vast unknown land._4. It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult._5. It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledgeof Sarek culture and history._B. Finish theActivity 3 in P29.C. Translate the Chinese in brackets in
32、to English to complete the passage. Use the-ing form where possible. (P76)Travelling to cold, dark, and remote Arctic Norway in mid-winter(在隆冬季节去寒冷、黑暗而偏远的北极圈内的挪威旅游) can be_(激动人心的) especially for those _ (寻求完全不一样的体验)._(意识到) the lack of daylight and difficulties in transport isextremelyimportant.LastJanuary,wefoundafewmountainpasseswereclosed,so_( 走 动 ) was not easy,but ( 欣 赏 )_thenorthernlightswasanincredibleexperience._( 在 线 订 交 通 和 宾 馆 ) did help alot._(想出如何拍照) in low light actually took us quitesome time during our _ ( 筹 划 ) stage.Finally,_(雇一位当地的导游) was necessary andhelpful for this trip.
