1、Unit 1 Science and scientistReading and thinking1 Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in?_analyse the results _ask a question _draw a conclusion _collect data _find a problem _find supporting evidence _ think of a methodLead in1234567severe ad
2、j. 严重的；严厉的严重的；严厉的1. We are in one of the most severe recessions in modern times. 我们正在经历现代最严重的一段经济衰退。2. She had quite severe bruising and a cut lip. 她身上有严重的淤伤，嘴唇也破了。Language point【词义辨析词义辨析】earnest : 指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。serious : 指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。severe : 指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。Language pointblame
3、 vt.&n. 责怪；指责责怪；指责1. The president put the blame squarely on his opponent. 总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。2. I do not blame them for trying to make some money. 我认为他们想赚一些钱也是情有可原的。Language point【拓展拓展】blame sb. for sth. 因为某事指责某人blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.) 对某事负有责任，该受责备accept/ bear/ take the blame f
4、or sth. 对负责； 为 承担责任Language pointlink n. 联系；纽带联系；纽带 v. 把把联系起来联系起来They have yet to break the link with the trade unions. 他们还必须断绝与工会组织的联系。【拓展拓展】link A to B connect A with B 把A和B联系起来Language pointContentJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, un
5、til a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no
6、one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how choler
7、a spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to inve
8、stigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump i
9、n Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump.
10、Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of
11、this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been
12、 infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those
13、 who drank pure or boiled water. Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. For
14、tunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.2. Read the passage again and complete the chart below
15、.AIt was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _BSnow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.CMany deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.CSome people _ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.airinfectiondiedmarkedwater pumphad notDThe pump water carried _.EThe _ of the
16、pump was removed.CA woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.moving away from Broad Streetcholera germshandle3. Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks. 1 conclusion_ 2 evidence_ 3 process_ 4 solution_ 5 theories_DEBAC4. What qu
17、estions would you ask to get the following answers?1 Q: What_? A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.2 Q: Why_? A: Snow had the handle from the pump removed so that it could not be used. 3 Q: How_? A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.caused the cholera did Snow have the handle removedwas the cholera threat defeated1. What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera? What common medical tools, e.g. a microscope, didnt he use? Why?2. How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Work in groupsDiscussBye-bye!
