1、 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Words and Expressions 1.severe: adj.extremely bad or serious 极极为恶劣的为恶劣的; 十十分严重的分严重的; 严厉的严厉的severely: adv.严严重地重地; 严厉地严厉地; 严格严格地地1)She is a severe woman who seldom smiles.2)The fire has caused severe damage to the building.3)This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydrat
2、ion, and even death.4)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.2. once and for all: entirely or completely 最终地最终地; 彻底地彻底地1)It is time we dealt with the issue once and for all. 2)We need to settle the Chinese-Indian bor
3、der problem once and for all. 3)In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attened to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.3. proof:n. evidence 证证据据; 证明证明; 检检验验(可数名词或者不可数名词可数名词或者不可数名词) (复数复数: proofs)1)Can you provide any
4、proof of identity?2)These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.3)Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof.4. suspect: v. not trust or think sth.(bad) may happen 怀怀疑疑; 疑有疑有; 不信任不信任; 认为认为 sspekt: n. 犯罪嫌疑人犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象可疑对象1)Suspecting nothing, he w
5、alked right into the trap.2)The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 3)As I had suspected all the time, he was not a real policeman.4)The suspect has dark hair and green eyes.5)John Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.5. blame: n. responsibility for doing sth. bad 责备责备; 指指责责 v.
6、to think sb./sth. is responsible for sth. bad 把把归咎于归咎于; 责怪责怪; 指责指责blame sb for: 因因责备责备sb./ sth. be to blame for (不好的事不好的事): sb./sth.对对负责任负责任1)Which driver was to blame for the accident?2) She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death.3)Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong?4)J
7、ohn Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.6. handle: v. to deal with or contral 处处理理; 搬动搬动; 操纵操纵 n. 把手把手; 拉手拉手; 柄柄1)A new minister has been sent there to handle the crisis.2) I am not sure if I can handle such a powerful car.3)I turned the handle and found the door was open.4)Accordingly(因
8、因此此), he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.7. link: n. a connection or relationship 联联系系; 纽纽带带; 链接链接 v. to connect or join 把把.连接起来连接起来; 相关联相关联link. to/with/and .: 把把.连接连接/联系起来联系起来1) Social customs provide a vital link between generations.2)The highway links all the big
9、cities together.3)They have decided to link the island with the mainland. 4)Moreover, John Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.8. transform: v. to change or swap 使改观使改观; 使改变形态使改变形态; 改变改变; 转变转变transform into: 把把.变成变成.1)It is an
10、 event that will transform my life.2)To transform hills into fields is an extremely tough job.3)I believe she will transform the child into a speaker.4)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, John Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.9. initial:adj. at the beginning or the first 最
11、初的最初的; 开始的开始的; 第第一的一的 (用用于名词前于名词前)initially: adv. 开始开始; 最初最初1)Initially, I would like to express my thanks to you for your inviting me to the party. However, . 2)The initial talks formed the basis of the final agreement. 3)After overcoming her initial shyness, Mary became very friendly.4) Absolutely
12、. You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.10. solid: adj. hard or firm可可靠的靠的; 固体的固体的; 坚实的坚实的 n. 固固体体solid(固体固体) - liquid(液体液体) - gas(气体气体)1)She will refuse all solid food because of the illness.2)The policemen
13、 did investigation among the four cities about the murder, but so far they have no solid evidence.3)Solids will turn to liquids at certain temperatures.4)This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.11. defend: v. to protect or explain in support of 保保卫卫; 防守防守; 辩解辩
14、解defence/defense: n. 防御防御; 国防国防1)How can you defend such behaviour?2)He has employed one of the countys top lawyers to defend him.3)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.4)However, after the Songhu Battle (淞沪会战淞沪会战) broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to s
15、witch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.12. in charge of.: 主管主管; 掌管掌管in the charge of:由由主管主管; 掌掌管管take charge of:主管主管; 掌管掌管1)Young as he is, David is in charge of the hospital.2)Young as he is, the hospital is in
16、the charge of David.3)He (Qian Xuesen) received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.13. shift: v. to change or alter 转移转移; 挪动挪动; 转向转向 n. 改变改变; 转换转换; a period of time working 轮班轮班be on the day/ni
17、ght shift (at.): (在某单位在某单位)上白班上白班/夜夜班班1)The working day is divided into three shifts.2)He says neither side expects a major shift in relations, they want it a steady situation.3)They are taking turns to be on the night shift. 4)Attitudes to/towards the farmers have shifted in recent years.5)Qian cha
18、nged his major because of a shift in personal interest.14. vivid:adj. being clear in mind or a picture or lively 生动的生动的; 鲜鲜明的明的; 丰富的丰富的vividly: adv. 生动地生动地1)This is one of the most vivid pictures I have ever seen. 2)The book gives a vivid/lively description of the country life.3)A lively/vivid image appeared in his mind.4)They must have a vivid imagination and a strong intuition(直观直观) in order for new findings to be made.
