1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSSection A Reading and ThinkingBy the end of this period, you will be able to1. find out the stages of scientific research in this passage;2. learn about John Snows research process and analyze John Snows characters； 3. express your idea on the given topic through creativ
2、e thinking;4. analyze the structure of Problem-Solution pattern.AimsName some famous scientists you know and tell something about them.Lead inWhich scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes (阿基米德阿基米德)Who is he?Who wrote a book explaining how
3、 animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin.Who is he?Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas EdisonWho is he?Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen HawkingWho is he?Who is he?Who is he?Discuss the following stages of sci
4、entific research in groups. What order would you put them in? analyse the results ask a question draw a conclusion _collect data find a problem find supporting evidence think of a method Discussion5274163Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.the second OrderStage Key words or sentence
5、s 1 Find a problem 2Ask a question 3Think of a method 4Collect data 5Analyse the results 6Find supporting evidence 7Draw a conclusion While Reading - Fast readingtwo contradictory theories In two particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe that John Snow was determined to find out why. mar
6、king on a map house numbers 16，37，38，and 40 20 and 21 Broad Street，8 and 9 Cambridge Streetmultiple deaths near the water pump some households had had no deaths a woman and her daughter had died of cholera the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every d
7、ay As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Read the whole passage quickly. Then find and circle the expressions for stages in activity 1Its one of _ in the world, because it causes _._(when), an outbreak of cholera hit _ milions of people
8、 _.He rose to become _ , and even _ Queen Victoria when she gave birth.John Snow became _ because no one knew _.However, he had a desire to _ once and for all. the most feared diseasessevere diarrhoea and dehydrationIn the early 19th centuryEuropedied from the diseasefrustratedhow to prevent or trea
9、t choleraa famous doctorattended to destroy cholera While Readingcareful reading Read Para 1 carefully and fill in the mind mapA map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”What method did Snow use?1) Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street?2) Which houses had no
10、death in Broad Street?Multiple deaths happened here.No death happened here.He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame. EvidenceRead Para 2-3, and complete the chart below. While Readingcareful readingA It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _ .B Snow _ the places wh
11、ere the people who _ had lived. C Many deaths occurred near the _in Broad Street. Some people _ drunkthe water from the pump，andlived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _. D The pump water carried _. The _ of the pump was removed. airfood or water marked on a mapdied water
12、 pumphadntdrinking water from the pump cholera germs handle1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?2. How can we prevent cholera?While Readingcareful readingRead Para 4-5 and answer the questions below1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?2. How can we prevent cho
13、lera?3. What contributions did John Snow make?While Readingcareful readingRead Para 4-5 and answer the questions below Water companies began to sell clean water. The threat of cholera around the world decreased. He helped people know how to prevnt cholera.Snow transformed the way scientists study di
14、seases.1 What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera? What common medical tools，e.g.，a microscope，didnt he use? Why? He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred. He didnt use a microscope，for example. He didnt test the water，nor did he draw blood or examine pati
15、ents. The reason he did not use medical equipment such as a microscope was that they did not exist during his time. Further，understanding of germs and bacteria was still developing，and so he had to innovate methods himself based on the theory he believed. DiscussionIn groups，discuss the following qu
16、estions.2 How has John Snows work affected our daily lives? Snows work has provided readily available clean water to drink，for example，as well as an emphasis on hygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty. He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics，and transformed the way sci
17、entists study diseases，which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera. DiscussionIn groups，discuss the following questions. 阅读理解阅读理解 （根据课文内容选择正确答案）1. Which of the following theories did John Snow believe?A. People spread the disease when speaking to each other. B. Pe
18、ople became infected by polluted food or water. C. Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. D. People were dirty enough to get the disease. 2. What was the key help for John Snows discovery?A. The government. B. The water company. C. Queen Victoria. D. The map made by himself. 附：课文预习自测题附：课文预习自测
19、题3. Which of the following statements is right about John Snow?A. He believed two theories about the cause of cholera were both right. B. He found out the germ of cholera and killed it by a certain drug. C. He had predicted that some houses had no deaths at all. D. From his investigation，he found th
20、e polluted water carrying the virus. 4. At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by _. A. using medicines in hospitalsB. driving patients out of the countryC. dealing with the polluted waterD. getting rid of all kinds of pollution 语法填空语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文）John Snow was a famous doctor in London in the
21、19th century. He was so expert that he attended to Queen Victoria 1_ she gave birth. However，he was frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera，one of the most feared 2_（disease） in the world. At that time，there were two 3_（contradict）theories to explain how cholera spread. One wa
22、s that bad air caused the disease. John Snow subscribed 4_the other that cholera was caused by an 5_（infect）from germs in food or water. 6_（consequent），when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate. He marked on a map 7_exact places where all those who died had lived. With
23、 the help of the map，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and he suspected that the water pump was 8_（blame）. So he had the handle of the pump 9_（remove） so that it could not be used. Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. By using maps and statistics，Snow 10_（transform） the way scientists study diseases. For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.whendiseasescontradictorytoinfectionConsequentlytheto blameremovedtransformedTHE END
