1、Unit 3 Food and Culture 掌握过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态的用法培养学生语法运用的能力。激发学生对语法学习的兴趣并使其喜欢语法学习，更好地将过去完成时运用到实践中目标MENULeading-inWhile-classAfter-classPart.1 Leading-inPart.1 Leading-in完成练习，熟悉本课语法1.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap) in the mountains for two days.2.All the drawers _ (stuff)
2、full of letters and papers.3.I _(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.4.The twins, who _ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton in the playground.答案以及解析1.答案：had been trapped解析：句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。trap指“使陷入困境”，为延续性动词，设空处为定语
3、从句的谓语，与tourists为被动关系，应用被动语态。由for two days可知用完成时，主句谓语动词用一般过去时，故此处用过去完成时被动语态。2.答案：were/are stuffed3.答案：had hoped解析：句意为: 我本希望送彼得一件礼物, 祝他新婚快乐, 可是我没有做到。第二个分句中couldnt用的是一般过去时, 该空表示的动作发生于此动作之前, 应用过去完成时。 4.答案：had finished解析：句意：那对双胞胎做完作业后，被允许在操场上打羽毛球。主句中的谓语动词 were allowed为一般过去时的被动语态， finish所表示的动作发生在 were all
4、owed之前，因此应用过去完成时。Part.2 While-classPart.2 While-class1 contribute v. 贡献，捐献（尤指钱）；（给报纸、杂志等）投稿contribute to 向捐款；有助于；促成；为作出贡献contribute.to. 向捐款；向投稿He offered to contribute to the Red Cross. 他主动提出向红十字会捐款。Smoking too much contributed to his early death. 吸烟过多导致他早逝。contribute money to Red Cross 给红十字会捐款She c
5、ontributes to several magazines. 她向好几家杂志投稿。2 set off （1）出发，动身（常用于“set off for+ 地点”结构） Ill set off early to avoid the traffic. 我要早些出发以避开交通拥堵。I will set off for America tomorrow. 我明天将动身前往美国。（2）使（炸弹等）爆炸The children gathered in the garden to set off fireworks. 孩子们聚集在花园里放烟花。（3）引发，激起News that the claims m
6、ight be true set off widespread panic. 这种说法可能属实的消息引起了普遍的恐慌。重点句式 have sth. done （1）使某事被做（主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能请别人做） I had/got that door painted last week. 上星期我请人把那扇门涂了油漆。We must have/get the work finished by Wednesday. 我们必须在星期三以前完成这项工作。（2）遭遇，经历（不好的事） He had his leg broken when he got off the bike. 他从
7、自行车上摔下来，腿摔断了。单元语法过去完成时及其被动语态1 过去完成时的概念、构成及基本用法过去完成时的概念、构成及基本用法（1）概念：）概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。（2）构成：）构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had+ 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 （3）基本用法）基本用法 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成的动作。这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when，before，after，by the time等引导的时间状语从句表示。I had finished my
8、 homework before I had supper. 晚饭前我把家庭作业做完了。= 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for，since 构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。When I saw him，he hadnt eaten anything for two days. 当我看到他时，他已经两天没吃任何东西了。He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 2000. 他说自从2000 年以来他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。【
9、误区警示误区警示】在含有after 或before 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。We went to play basketball after we finished our homework. 做完家庭作业后我们就去打篮球了。Before he came，he discussed it with the manager. 他来之前已经同经理讨论过那件事了。【学法点拨学法点拨】He had worked as a chef before he became a manager. 在成为一名经理之前，他做过大厨。词汇复现
10、 He once worked as a chef，but now he is a manager. 他曾做过大厨，但现在他是一名经理。词汇复现 He has been a manager for years. 他当经理已经有几年了。 表示原计划或打算做某事而事实上没做。常用动词有：want， mean，plan，hope，suppose，expect，intend 等。They had wanted to offer help but couldnt get there in time. 他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。He had hoped to catch the 8：00
11、bus，but found it gone. 他原希望赶上8 点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。 固定句式中的过去完成时。a. It/This/That was the first/second.time that sb. had done sth. 这是/ 那是某人第一次/ 第二次做某事。This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe. 这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡演。b. 用于hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than 句式中。注意：no sooner，hardly/scarcely 所
12、在的主句通常用过去完成时，而than 和when 后的从句通常用一般过去时。The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started. 观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out. 我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。【点拨点拨】这两个句式可以把hardly，no sooner 提到句首变成倒装句，时态 不变。Hardly had the audience been seated when the saxophone sol
13、o started. No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句中的使用：wish/would rather/if only/as if/though 等。I wish I had not told her the truth last night. 我真希望昨天晚上没有告诉她真相。I would rather I hadnt attended the party. 我宁愿没有参加这次聚会。He kept working as though nothing had happened. 他继
14、续工作，好像什么都没有发生过。Part.3 After-classPart.3 After-class阅读下面短文，体会理解过去完成时的用法（请注意斜体部分） My friend，Andrew，had lived in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the countryside. He had no sooner returned than
15、he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather，for it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine，Andrew got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end，it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had ti
16、me to settle down when he sold the house and left the countryside. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Andrew made a big mistake because he had thought of everything except the weather. 我的朋友安德鲁在回到英国之前在国外住了很多年。他常常梦想退休后到英国去，并打算在乡下安顿下来。他刚一回来就买了一栋房子住了进去。他几乎马上就开始抱怨起天气来，因为天气常常冷得厉害。经历这么多年的阳光明媚的天气，安德鲁受到了惊吓。他表现得好像他以前从未在英国住过似的。最后，他再也无法忍受了。他还没来得及安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了农村。他多年的梦想就此结束。安德鲁犯了一个大错误，因为他把一切都考虑到了，唯独没有考虑天气。Thank you!
