1、Discoving Useful Structures P53 新新人教选择性必修人教选择性必修Book 2 Unit 5 First Aid Translate these sentences into English.（1 1）你可以想象，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。）你可以想象，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。（2 2）治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急）治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急救。救。 （3 3）最好将烧伤处置于清凉的自来水下，尤其是在起）最好将烧伤处置于清凉的自来水下，尤其是在起 初十分钟内初十分钟内（4 4）如果有必要，用剪刀把衣服剪掉，除非你看到布）如果有必要，用剪
2、刀把衣服剪掉，除非你看到布 料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。（5 5）你可以用一块宽松干净的布覆盖烧伤部位。）你可以用一块宽松干净的布覆盖烧伤部位。Leading-inLeading-inRead the sentences below.1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.3. It is best to place
3、burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.4. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.5. You can protect the burn by covering it with a clean cloth.What is the function of the -ing form in each sentence below?
4、(Subject 主语)(Predicative表语)(Object after a preposition介词后面的宾语)(Attribute定语)(Adverbial状语)(Object complement宾语补足语)Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form? 1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2. The first and most important step in the treatment of
5、burns is giving first aid.3. It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.As you can imagine, if you get burnt, it can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is to give first aid.It is best to run some
6、cool water and place burns under it, especially within the first ten minutes.Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form? 4. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.Use scissors to remove any clothes if necessary, unless you
7、 find that the fabric is sticking to the burnt skin.To protect the burnt area, you can cover it with a loose clean cloth.5. You can protect the burn by covering it with a clean cloth.Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary. 1. When he got out of t
8、he bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.2. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week?3. She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers.When getting out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the f
9、loor.Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week? (否定式否定式)4. Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents, he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.5. After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.Having been told about the ris
10、k of electric shocks, she was very careful while using hairdryers.Not being watched carefully by his parents, the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.After being/ having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin. (完成式的被动语态完成式的被动语态) (被动语态的否定式被动语态的否定式) (被动语态被动语态/完成式的被动
11、语态完成式的被动语态)复习动词-ing形式Review of the -ing formPresentation主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态肯定式肯定式否定式否定式肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doing完成式完成式havingbeen done一、-ing形式的结构not doingbeing donenot being donehaving donenot having donenot having been done（1）动词）动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首，谓语动性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首，谓语动词用单数。词
12、用单数。Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。二、-ing形式的用法1作主语（2）形式主语）形式主语it代替动词代替动词-ing形式形式作主语。作主语。 此类句式常见的有： Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间 Its useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事没用/是值得的 Its no good/us
13、e/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没用/没意思 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。 It is no good/use regretting for the past. 悔恨过去是没用的。1. It is no use / good _ (cry) over spilt milk.2. It is useless _(try) to explain.3. It is a waste of time and money _ (see) that movie.4. The
14、re is no good / use (in) _ (argue) with him.5. There is no point (in) _ (hurry) to get there.即学即练：即学即练：cryingtryingseeingarguinghurrying2作宾语动词动词-ing形式作宾语时，形式作宾语时，表示动作的对象，表示动作的对象，或代替或代替itit作真正的宾语，作真正的宾语，如：如：(1) We tried to avoid making mistakes.(2)Have you considered looking for one special friend?(3
15、)Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?(4) I dont think it possible living in such a cold place.Key and difficult points （1 1）某些动词或动词短语之后某些动词或动词短语之后只能接只能接动词动词 -ing 形式形式作作宾语宾语：考虑建议盼原谅考虑建议盼原谅: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, pardon 承认推迟没得想承认推迟没得想: : admit, delay / put off, f
16、ancy / imagine避免错过继续练避免错过继续练: : avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice 否认完成停能赏否认完成停能赏: : deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡不禁介意准逃亡: : cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape禁止冒险凭想象禁止冒险凭想象: : forbid, risk, imagine难以忍受始反对难以忍受始反对: : cant stand, set about / get down to, object to想要成功坚持忙想要成功坚持
17、忙: : feel like, succeed in, insist on, be busy (in) .习惯放弃有困难习惯放弃有困难: : get used to, give up, have difficulty / trouble (in) .导致专心不推迟导致专心不推迟: : lead to / contribute to, be devoted to, put offA.接接doing 和和to do意思基本相同的常见的有意思基本相同的常见的有: like, love, hate, prefer, continue, begin/startB.接动词接动词 -ing 形式或形式或 t
18、o do 作宾语时意义差别作宾语时意义差别较大的动词有：较大的动词有： remember/forget to do sth. 记着记着 / 忘记要忘记要 做某事做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记着记着 / 忘记做忘记做过某事过某事 regret to do/ doing sth. 遗憾要做遗憾要做 / 后悔做后悔做了某事了某事（2 2）既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词）既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词try to do/ doing sth. 努力做 / 试着做某事mean to do/ doing sth. 打算做 / 意味着做某事stop to do/
19、 doing sth. 停下来去做（另一件 事）/ 停止做某事cant help（to） do/doing sth. 不能帮忙做 / 禁不住做某事They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery. 他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。They stopped working and had a rest. 他们停止工作，休息了一下(3)(3)用用itit作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词inging形式。其结构如下：形式。其结构如下：主语think/consider/find/feel/believe+itusele
20、ss/no use/no good/.doing.1.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _ (stop) at the next town. .2. Do you consider it good_(try) again?3. As for my future plan, I will stick to _ (recite)poems.4. Im looking forward to _ (hear) from you.5. My father gets used to _ (go) to bed late and_ (get) up
21、 very early. 6. Would you pay attention to _ (listen) to the materials carefully?即学即练：即学即练：recitinghearinggoinggettinglisteningstoppingtrying 3作表语动词动词 -ing 形式作表语：说明主语的性质、状态或内形式作表语：说明主语的性质、状态或内容，如：容，如：The film is interesting. His hobby is collecting stamps.My job is looking after the children.His con
22、cern for his mother is most touching.注：动词 -ing 形式作表语表抽象的一般性的行为，而不定式作表语表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 e.g: Tonys hobby is drawing，but now what he wants to do is（to） dance. 托尼的爱好是画画，可是现在他想要做的是跳舞。(1) Judging from his look，the news was （shock）.(2) The situation both at home and abroad is very （inspire）.(3) One part o
23、f his work is （make）monthly advertising budgets.(4) One mistake you made is （ignore）the difference between the two findings.(5) Your task for the next few days is （read） the adaptation from the novel.即学即练：即学即练：shockinginspiringmakingignoringto read4作定语(1) (1) 单个动词的单个动词的-ing-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前形式作定语位于被
24、修饰名词的前面面, , 既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能, ,也可以表示也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。被修饰者的动作或状态。drinking water a walking sticktiring music a surprising result(2) ing 形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后， 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. The man standing there is Pete
25、rs father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. (3) -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个 非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗 号分开。His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. (1) Generally speaking，the flowers （smell） sweet can attract more be
26、es.(2) These old houses （追溯到） the 1500s are under repair now.(3) Advertisers attempt to catch the readers interest with pictures and （令人兴奋 的标题）.(4) Today there are more airplanes （载着更多人） than ever before in the sky.即学即练：即学即练：smellingdating back toexciting headlinescarrying more people5作宾语补足语(1) 动词-i
27、ng形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示 一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或 一种状态。When we returned to the school, we found a strangerstanding at the entrance. I found a bag lying on the ground. (2) 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的 动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.(3) 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的
28、几类动词：A. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词表示感觉和心理状态的动词, 常见的有常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。等。We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning?B. 表示指使意义的动词表示指使意义的动词, 常见的有常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。等。I wont
29、 have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. (4)作介词 with 的宾补,在 “with+ 宾语 +doing” 结构中，doing 表示主动或进行。 With the final exam approaching，the students are studying harder.【注】 “with+ 宾语 +done”表示被动或完成； “with+ 宾语 +to do”表示尚未发生。 He lay in bed with his eyes focused on the ceili
30、ng.他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。 With an interview to take，he felt a little nervous.要参加面试，他感到有点儿紧张。(1)We shouldnt keep him （continue）to waste his time playing games.(2) When I came in，I saw Linda （comfort） the crying girl.(3) Chinas image is improving steadily，with more countries （recognize） its role in internatio
31、nal affairs.(4) The living room is clean and tidy，with a Christmas tree （stand）in the middle.(5) He was just about to sit down when he felt something （move）near his feet.即学即练：即学即练：continuingcomfortingrecognizingstandingmoving Being a student, you should study hard.He sat on the sofa, watching TV.Whi
32、le waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.Walking ahead, you will see a white house.Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. 6作状语表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。表原因表伴随表时间表结果表条件表让步1. Because he was ill, he didn
33、t go to school. _, he didnt go to school.2. When she was walking along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. 3. If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow. _, well go for a picnic tomorrow.Being illWalking along用用-ing形式改写句子形式改写句子,
34、使该句与所给句子的意思相同。使该句与所给句子的意思相同。It being sunny即学即练：即学即练：4. After she had finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. _ her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.5. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes. _ by the teacher, they didnt make such mista
35、kes.6. As it was a holiday, all the shops were shut. _, all the shops were shut.It being a holidayHaving finishedHaving been warnedComplete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. ProductionMrs Taylor was an elderly woman _ (live) alone. One day, she was in her living room cleaning th
36、e windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. _ (try) to walk to her sofa to sit down, she fell over onto the carpet. Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble _ (breathe). Fortunately, she had her mobile phone with her, and she was
37、able to reach it with her left hand while _ (lie) on the floor. Her mobile phone _ (already, set up) to call an emergency number at the push oflivingTryingbreathinglyingwas already set upa button, so it was easy to call for help. While attempting to talk to the operator, Mrs Taylor discovered that s
38、he could not speak. _ (not, hear) an answer, the operator knew that Mrs Taylor must be in trouble. Telling Mrs Taylor that everything would be OK, she immediately sent an ambulance. After _ (arrive), the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle,
39、and checked her vital signs. _ (take) to the hospital and treated immediately, Mrs Taylors health was in no great danger, though she had to stay in the hospital ward. After a week, her _ (frighten) experience was over, and she was allowed to go home.Not hearingarrivingHaving been takenfrighteningDis
40、cussion（1）What happened to Mrs Taylor?She had a stroke when she was alone at home. She called for an ambulance and was saved in time.（2）What is the function of each -ing form you used? (作定语、状语、宾语等)（3）Among all the structures filled in, which is different from the others? Why? (第五空，此处为谓语动词)(4) Can yo
41、u find more -ing forms in the passage? What are their functions in the sentences? (cleaning, attempting, telling；分别作补语、 状语、状语)(5) How many different structures did you use in the passage? What are they? (doing, not doing, having been done)(6) Did you find any structure like “when/after + doing” ? (w
42、hile lying, while attempting, after arriving) Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1. What should people do when facing a frightening experience like Mrs Taylors?When having a frightening experience like Mrs Taylors, people should try to get help, like she did.2. What are some risks th
43、at elderly people may encounter when living alone?When living alone, elderly people may fall or get injured, and not be able to help themselves or even call for help.3. What can we do to help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks?To help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks, we should make sure that their homes are easy to get around in, with handrails, ramps instead of stairs, and even walking surfaces.
