1、1选择性必修二选择性必修二 Unit1 Words and Expressions 导学案导学案1.infectionn.(a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virus)感染;传染(教材 P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.另一种理论认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。(1)infect vt.使感染;传染be/become infected with感染上,传染
2、上(2)infected adj.受感染的;受细菌污染的;感染病菌的(3)infectious adj. 传染的;传染性的infectious disease 传染病【活学活用】(1)Air, water, clothing and insects are all means of infection.空气、水、衣服及昆虫都会成为传染媒介。(2)In many developing countries, almost all children become infected with the virus.在许多发展中国家,几乎所有儿童都感染该病毒。(3)As he warmed to his
3、subject, he infected his listeners with his own excitement.他开始兴致勃勃地谈论那个话题时,他激动的情绪感染了听众。(4)单句填空。One theory is that the(infect) has been present in humans for a very long time.In heavily(infect) areas, half the population become blind.Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid(inf
4、ect) with the flu.(5)完成句子。Jill has been living with AIDS for twelve years. How I wish she(没有感染) it!China has achieved more in controlling COVID-19 than America, where(感染这种病毒的人数) isgoing up sharply.22. subscribe to同意,赞成;订阅,订购;申请;注册;报名;定期捐款(教材 P2) Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。subscri
5、be v.认购(股份);定期订购;定期支付(会费);定期捐款【活学活用】(1)Ive personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other.我个人从未赞同过性别有优劣之分的观点。(2)My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep track of advances in science.我订阅新科学家主要是为了了解科学的进展。(3)一词多义。The company gives us a suggestion to s
6、ubscribe 50 yuan to the relief fund.If you subscribe to the newspaper, itll be delivered to your door.I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.(4)单句填空。Ever since he entered university, he(subscribe) to a monthly magazine abouttennis.The rich man is said(
7、subscribe) a large amount of money to the collection for the hospitallast week.(5)完成句子。(所有的科学家都同意这一观点) the increase in the earthstemperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.Affected by COVID-19, the local newspaper,(我经常订阅的), has been shutdown recently.3.suspectv.(to be suspicious about sth; to
8、 not trust sth) 怀疑,感觉有问题,不信任 n. (a person who is suspectedof a crime or of having done sth wrong)嫌疑犯,嫌疑分子,可疑对象3(教材 P2) Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事(2)suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的,怀疑的;令人怀疑的;可疑的be suspicious of对不信任对怀疑(3)suspected adj.有嫌疑的
9、【活学活用】(1)No one knows who killed her, but the police suspect her husband.没有人知道谁杀了她,但是警方认为她丈夫有嫌疑。(2)The police suspect him of carrying out two bomb attacks.警方怀疑他制造了两起爆炸袭击。(3)Older people tend to be quite conservative and a bit suspicious of any possible advances.老年人往往很保守,并对任何可能的进步都有点不信任。(4)单句填空。Notti
10、ngham police last night found what they described as a(suspect) package.The authorities have arrested several people(suspect) of the murder.(5)完成句子。The official is under investigation by the police for(被怀疑从银行挪用公款).A strange girl entered the room and told me a story of her own,(我怀疑其真实性).4.blamev.(to
11、think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad) 把归咎于,责怪,指责 n.(responsibility fordoing sth badly or wrongly; saying that sb is responsible for sth) (坏事或错事的)责任,责备,指责(教材 P2) Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。4(1)blame sb for (doing) sth因(做了)某事而责备某人blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
12、be to blame (for)(因)应受责备,(为)应承担责任(2)bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth)(对某事)承担责任put/lay the blame on sb (for sth) (因某事)把责任推给某人【活学活用】(1)Dont always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人,有时候该怪你自己。(2)The hot weather is partly to blame for the wat
13、er shortage.炎热的天气是缺水的部分原因。(3)Ill take the blame for the failure of the project because I was in charge.我会承担这个项目失败的责任,因为这个项目是我负责的。(4)单句填空。The bank manager was really(blame), though he tried to pin it on a clerk.His companion,(blame) for the accident, had not been driving carefully.(5)完成句子。We shouldnt
14、(把我们失败的责任推给她); after all, she isa newcomer.The truth was that it was the polluted water rather than food and vegetables(对负责) for the outbreak ofthe disease.5. linkn.联系联系;纽带纽带 vt.(to make a connection between two or more people, things, or ideas)把连接起来;(教材 P3) Moreover, Snow was later able to show a l
15、ink between other cases of cholera and the different watercompanies in London.此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。(1)There is a link betweenand和之间有联系。5(2)linkwith把和连接/联系起来be linked with和联系在一起温馨提示 表示“联系”的短语:be related to 与有联系be associated with 与有关be involved in 与有关联be connected with 与有关系【活学活用】(1)It is ob
16、vious that there is a direct link between the disease and diet.显而易见,这种疾病和饮食之间有直接的联系。(2)The highway being built will link the big city with this little town.正在修建的公路将把那个大城市和这个小镇连接起来。(3)Todays Shenzhen has been closely linked with the outside world.今天的深圳已经与外界紧密联系起来。(4)单句填空。The study further strengthens
17、 the evidence(link) smoking with early death.Although he was in hospital, his heart remained(link) with the masses.(5)完成句子。The police suspect(可能有直接的关联) between the two murders.Its commonly known that certain diseases(与有关) occupations like coal miners.6. decreasen.(the process of reducing sth or the
18、amount that sth is reduced by) 减少,减小,降低 v. (使大小、数量等)减少,减小,降低(教材 P3) Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera aroundthe world saw a substantial decrease.6通过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅降低。(1)a sharp/marked decrease in急剧/明显减少on the decreas
19、e在减少(2)decrease to下降到;减少到decrease by下降了;减少了decrease fromto从下降到温馨提示 在动词 decrease/drop/fall/reduce“下降、减少”和 increase/rise“增加、上升”之后,接介词 by/to 表示增减度。【活学活用】(1)The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96.独立公司的数量从 198 个减少到了 96 个。(2)Population growth rate is decreasing by 1.4% each year.人口增长率正在以
20、每年 1.4%的速度下降。(3)There was a slight decrease in his weight after a week of dieting.节食一周后,他的体重略有减轻。(4)单句填空。Over the past decades, sea ice(decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming.The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and a(decrease) demand.(5)完成句子。The number of cyclists ru
21、nning traffic lights(正在减少).We have seen(事故的数量显著减少) sincethese safety measures were introduced.7.thanks to幸亏幸亏;由于由于(教材 P3) Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.7幸运的是,由于约翰斯诺的努力,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。due to由于,因为owing to 由于,因为because of因为,由于on account of由于as a result
22、of 作为的结果,因为as a consequence of由于,因为【活学活用】(1)Thanks to his parents encouragement and support, he finally realized his dream.多亏了他父母的鼓励与支持,他最终实现了他的梦想。(2)Thanks to the spread of modern technology, trained workers are now more vital than ever.由于现代技术的普及,现在受过培训的工人(的作用)比以往任何时候都更为重要。(3)Owing to(=Due to/Becau
23、se of/As a result of) a heavy fall of rain, all our plans fell through.由于下了一场大雨,我们所有的计划都泡汤了。(4)完成句子。(多亏了技术的进步), how we make friends andcommunicate with them has changed significantly.(正是多亏了像 Jana 这样的人) that South Africa leads theworld in wildlife conservation, with 10% of the country set aside for t
24、he protection of wildlife.8. transformvt.使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变(教材 P3) Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。(1)transforminto把转变成(2)transformation n.转变;转换;改革;变形【活学活用】8(1)Their efforts have transformed the bald hill i
25、nto one covered with green trees all over.他们的努力使这光秃秃的山头变得绿树葱葱。(2)Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.自从他离开巴黎以后,巴黎的面貌改变了。(3)No doubt that it is his marriage that has completely transformed him.毫无疑问,是他的婚姻彻底改变了他。(4)单句填空。Local people have mixed feelings about the planned(transform) of their t
26、own into aregional capital.Every moment of every day, energy(transform) from one form into another.(transform) raw materials into useful products is called manufacturing.(5)完成句子。Egyptian agriculture(得到了改变) since then, and industry is benefiting fromthe power generated by the dam.It is the appearance
27、 of the Internet(彻底改变了) peoplestraditional lifestyle.9.pourvt. (to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holdingthe container at an angle)倒出;倾盆而下;倾泻;斟(饮料)(教材 P7) A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you
28、put any pressure on it, itsuddenly becomes hard as concrete.“非牛顿流体”是很奇怪的,因为你可以像(倾倒)一种液体一样把它倒出来,可是如果你给它施加任何压力,它突然就变得和混凝土一样坚硬。(1)pour in大量地涌入;蜂拥而至pour into/out of不断地或大量地流进(出)或涌进(出)pour down流下;(雨)倾盆而下(2)pour cold water on泼冷水,使(人)沮丧,让(人)扫兴9It never rains, but it pours.(谚)祸不单行。温馨提示pour 的基本意思是指大量液体由高向低或由上
29、向下倾倒,也可引申指人或物大批地、 源源不断地涌入或涌出。【活学活用】(1)Although I poured the juice carefully, I still managed to spill some.尽管我倒果汁很小心,但还是洒了一些。(2)It has been pouring (down) in Delhi for the past three days, disrupting normal life.德里市在过去的 3 天里一直在下着倾盆大雨,这扰乱了人们的正常生活。(3)Application letters from all over the country are p
30、ouring in by the thousands every week.每星期有数千封申请信从全国各地纷至沓来。(4)单句填空。I was standing in the(pour) rain for an hour waiting for my bus.The rain came(pour) down and of course the football game was cancelled.(5)完成句子。The factory, known for its medicine, has been polluting environment by(向附近的河里排放废水) inrecent
31、 years.A big fire broke out in her house yesterday and thick black smoke was seen(从屋顶冒出) from thedistance.10.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发(教材 P7) However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviationbecause he realised that China needed its own p
32、owerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而,1932 年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森决定改学航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要它自己强大的空军来保卫国家。break out of sth逃离某地;摆脱某状况break in强行进入;打断break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)10break off断开;折断;中断break up粉碎;解散;(关系)破裂,结束;放假break down(机器)出故障;(身体)垮掉;失声痛哭;(谈判等)失败;(化学)分解break through取得突破;取得新的重大发现break away (fr
33、om sb/sth)逃脱;脱离;背叛温馨提示 break out, happen, take place 都是不及物动词或短语,不用于被动结构。【活学活用】(1)A fire broke out in the lower storey during the midnight and soon the whole building was in flames.午夜时分较低楼层着火了,不一会儿整栋大楼都烧起来了。(2)The prisoner managed to break out of the room where he was imprisoned.那个犯人设法从囚禁他的屋子里逃了出来。(3
34、)用 break 短语的适当形式填空。Her mother totallyat the passing away of her grandmother.Scientists think they havein their attempt to find the causes of many major diseases.There are concerns that a new civil war mayif no solution is found.Two friends have an argument thattheir friendship forever.(4)完成句子。I was
35、still sleeping(这时起火了), and then it spread quickly.The nurse has been working in the hospital(自新型冠状病毒肺炎爆发以来) last year.11.defendvt.(to protect sb/sth from attack; to guard sb/sth)保卫;防守;辩解(教材 P7) However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation
36、because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而,1932 年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森决定改学航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要它自己强大的空军来保卫国家。11(1)defendfrom/against保卫免受defend oneself自卫;申辩;自行辩护defend with用防卫(2)defence n.防御;保卫;答辩;防卫设备in defence of 保护;为辩护【活学活用】(1)As we all know, white blood
37、cells help defend the body against infection.众所周知,白细胞帮助保护身体免受感染。(2)The dyke was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.建造这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。(3)All the people, men and women,young and old,were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes.所有的人,无论男女老少,为了保卫自己的家园,都在与洪水做斗争。(
38、4)单句填空。The strong walls of the castle served as a good(defend) against the attackers.It is the nature of a mother to do all she can(defend) her child from harm and danger.The(defend) champion will play her first match of the tournament tomorrow.(5)完成句子。Once infected with HIV, the body is unable to(抵
39、御疾病).I really admire how devoted she is to(维护女性的权利).12.in charge of主管;掌管(教材 P8) He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinasrocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到祖国英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。(1)in the charge of由负责/掌管12take c
40、harge of主管;负责free of charge免费(2)charge (sb) sth (for sth)收费;要价charge sb with sth/doing sth指控/起诉/指责某人某事/做某事温馨提示 charge sb with doing sth=accuse sb of doing sth 指控/控诉某人做某事。【活学活用】(1)You are not in charge of the universe; you are in charge of yourself.你不是宇宙的主宰,但你可以主宰你自己。(2)The hotel charges thirty-five
41、dollars a day for this room.旅馆对这种房间的定价为一天 35 美元。(3)Several England supporters were arrested and charged with disturbing the peace after the match.几名英格兰队的支持者被逮捕,并被指控在赛后扰乱治安。(4)用 charge 短语的适当形式填空。Mother puts the babythe babysitter while she is out.You can download from the Internet as much information
42、 as you need.His boss asked him tothe office for a few days while she was away.I left Jackthe suitcases while I went to get the tickets.(5)一句多译。Tomthe whole factory next week when the director is away.The whole factoryTom next week when the director is away.下周厂长不在时,汤姆将负责整个工厂。e down with患(病),染上(小病)(教
43、材 P8) Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his worldbecame one of abstract thought.13他因患上了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。(1)come down崩塌;落下;着陆;下降come down to sth 归结为,归根结底在于come down (to sb)流传下来(2)come about发生come across偶然遇见come up发生;被提及;被讨论come
44、 up with提出come off 从掉下come out出来;出版【活学活用】(1)He came down with illness last night and is still under emergency treatment.昨天夜里他生病了,现在还在抢救。(2)Its amazing how much computers have come down in price over the past few years.过去这几年,电脑的价格大大降低,简直令人惊讶。(3)It is said that the custom has come down to us from our
45、ancestors.据说,这一习俗是从我们的祖辈传下来的。(4)用 come 短语的适当形式填空。Here comes the good news that house prices haverecently.While cleaning the attic yesterday, Ian old photograph of my mother.During the cold rainy weather last week, Mr Bill suddenlya fever.Can you explain how itthat you were an hour late?(5)完成句子。He(一定
46、是感冒了), for he has got a sore throat.14Eventually our choice of the hotel(将归根结底取决于) how much we can afford.14.above all最重要的是;尤其是(教材 P9) Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.最重要的是,霍金敢于承认自己的错误。after all毕竟,终归at all完全,全然first of all首先in all总计,总之all in all 总的来说once and for all彻底地【活学活用】(1)Nev
47、er waste anything, and above all never waste time.任何东西都不要浪费,尤其是时间。(2)Above all, we should recognize our strengths and weaknesses.最重要的是,我们应该认识到自己的优点和缺点。(3)First of all, you must work out a reasonable plan.首先,你必须制订一个合理的计划。(4)用 all 短语的适当形式填空。Children need many things, butthey need love.The tickets we had bought numbered twelve.That mobile phone company is going to overcome the technological problem.Its not surprising that youre tired., you were up until three last night!15
