1、英语写作训练英语写作训练写作训练的思路写作训练的思路写一完整的句子写一完整的句子: 句子的完整句子的完整句子的连贯句子的连贯句子的简洁句子的简洁句子的多样化句子的多样化主题句主题句, 扩展句扩展句, 结论句结论句设计一个段落设计一个段落:基础写作基础写作读写任务读写任务写一个完整的句子写一个完整的句子这几句是正确的句子吗这几句是正确的句子吗? 如果你认为如果你认为有误有误, 该怎么改该怎么改?1.The meeting will until 3:00.2.Work hard, you will succeed.3.I have a brother, who is a doctor.4. The
2、re are only 4 students take part in the class.lastand whotaking/to take 句子的分类句子的分类简单句简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子只包含一个主谓结构的句子.并列句并列句: 主谓结构主谓结构+ 连词连词(and, but, so, or) +主谓结构主谓结构 (或更多的主谓结构或更多的主谓结构)复合句复合句: 引导词引导词+主谓结构主谓结构, 主谓结构主谓结构 (从句从句) (主句主句) 五种基本的简单句五种基本的简单句1.1.主语主语+ +不及物动词不及物动词2. 2. 主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语Bir
3、ds fly.Buses run from dawn till midnight.We are studying hard.We have read many books.They do shopping at the weekend.We are learning English. 3. 3. 主语主语+ +系动词系动词+ +表语表语4. 4. 主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语5. 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 We are students.He became a scientist.That sounds good.
4、He gave Tom a present.He offered me a job. We made him our monitor.The manager thinks the plan practical. He will have his bike repaired.I wont have you speaking to your mother like that.练习练习:翻译下面的简单句翻译下面的简单句1.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战年爆发了第二次世界大战.2.一天一天, 她高兴地走进我的房间她高兴地走进我的房间.3.一轮红日从东方升起一轮红日从东方升起.4.张飞在三年级六班张飞在
5、三年级六班.5.那个故事听起来很有趣那个故事听起来很有趣. The Second World War/ World War II broke out in 1939. One day she came into my room happily. The red sun rises in the east. Zhang Fei is in Class 6, Grade 3. That story sounds interesting. 6.老师好像对我的工作很满意老师好像对我的工作很满意.7.早睡早睡早起对人的身体有益早起对人的身体有益.8.胡姗姗读过这本书胡姗姗读过这本书多次多次了了.The
6、teacher seemed to be pleased with my work. Going to bed early and getting up early is good/beneficial for/does good to your health. Hu Shanshan has read the book many times. 9.我还没决定去还是不去我还没决定去还是不去.10.周兰周兰借借给我一些钱给我一些钱.11.这件晚礼服这件晚礼服花花了她四十美元了她四十美元. I havent decided whether to go or not. Zhou Lan lent m
7、e some money. The evening dress cost her forty dollars. She paid forty dollars for the evening dress.12.王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题.13.同学们把课室保持得干干净净同学们把课室保持得干干净净.14.我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口.15.我找人把自行车修好了我找人把自行车修好了.16.你不应该让他一个人去那儿你不应该让他一个人去那儿.Wang Xiaoming often asks the teacher a lot of
8、 questions in class. The students keep the classroom clean. We noticed a lot of people standing at the gate of our school. I had the bike repaired. You shouldnt let him go there alone. 并列句并列句1. 用连词用连词/副词副词 (and, but , so, for, or , not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, while, bothand, however, the
9、refore)1) Li Ming is 18 years old and he is a student in No.1 Middle School.2)Hurry up or youll be late for school.3)I must go now, for my sister is waiting for me.2. 用用 “ ; ”3. 用用 “ ; + adv ”1) We fished all day; we didnt catch anything.1)We fished all day; however, we didnt catch anything. 2) The
10、car was almost new; besides, it was in excellent condition. ,but we,so all 2) Lily does well in study; all the teachers think highly of her. 1.他虽然有病他虽然有病, 但是还是上学去了但是还是上学去了.2.汤姆很穷汤姆很穷, 而他的弟弟却发了财而他的弟弟却发了财. 3.他丢了工作他丢了工作, 因此这些天心情不好因此这些天心情不好.He was ill;however,/but yet he went to school. Although/Though
11、he was ill, he went to school.Ill as/though he was, he went to school.While he was ill, he went to school.Tom was poor while his brother became very rich. He lost his job, so he was unhappy these days.He was in a bad mood because he lost his job. 4.韩惠不但歌唱得好韩惠不但歌唱得好, 而且舞也跳得好而且舞也跳得好.5.我本打算昨天告诉你我本打算昨天告
12、诉你, 但你不在办公室但你不在办公室. Han Hui can not only sing well, but also dance well.Not only does Han Hui sing well, but also she dances well. I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office. I had wanted/intended to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office. 复合句复合句复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构复合句里包
13、含两个或更多的主谓结构, 其中其中有一个有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一（些）成分，（些）成分，,如如: 主语主语, 宾语宾语, 表语表语, 同位语同位语, 定语定语, 状语等状语等. 根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句从句, , 宾语从句宾语从句, , 表语从句表语从句, , 同位语从句同位语从句, , 定语定语从句从句, , 状语从句状语从句等等. 判断下面句子属于哪种复合句判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1) When we
14、 shall have our sports meeting is still a question. 2) The letter says that they are leaving on Friday. 3)Thats what they should do. 4) We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again. 5) This is the very dictionary that I am looking for. 6) As time went on, Einsteins theory proved
15、to be correct. 练习练习: 改正下面句子改正下面句子, 使之成为正确的一句话使之成为正确的一句话 Faulty: There are forty-five students in our class , one- third of them are from nearby countries. 1. There are forty-five students in our class, and one-third of them are from nearby countries.2. There are forty-five students in our class; one
16、-third of them are from nearby countries.3. There are forty-five students in our class, one-third of whom are from nearby countries. It was raining hard, they could not work in the field. 1. It was raining hard；they could not work in the field.2. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fi
17、eld.3. It was raining so hard that they could not work in the field.4. They could not work in the field because it was raining hard.5. As it was raining hard, they could not work in the field. The professor walked into the classroom, he carried a bag of books with him.1. The professor walked into th
18、e classroom and he carried a bag of books with him.2. The professor walked into the classroom ; he carried a bag of books with him.3. The professor,who carried a bag of books, walked into the classroom , 4. The professor walked into the classroom, carrying a bag of books with him.5. The professor wa
19、lked into the classroom with a bag of books .句子的连贯句子的连贯 Faulty: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds. Faulty: The idea he mentioned at first sounded good. 1. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does. 2. A man is judged not only by his words but also
20、 by his deeds. 1. The idea he mentioned sounded good.2. The idea he mentioned sounded good . 连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚句有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚句子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧义或矛盾成歧义或矛盾句子的简洁句子的简洁文字简洁文字简洁. 如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替: from time to time (often), draw
21、 a conclusion (conclude), with anger (angrily), It is clear that (clearly) 试比较下列改写的句子试比较下列改写的句子. Do you know the man who is speaking at the meeting?Look out for cars while you are crossing the street?Do you know the man speaking at the meeting?Look out for cars while crossing the street? 2.避免使用同义词重复
22、避免使用同义词重复.(如下面的这些句子如下面的这些句子, 划线划线部分重复部分重复, 应删掉应删掉) ). 1).He is blind in both eyes. He is blind in the left eye.2).In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.3).The desk is round in shape and red in color.4).I shall accompany my mother by going with her to the market. 练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子, 使其更简洁使其更简洁
23、1. He gave many reasons for the failure, but the reasons he gave were not convincing.2. The Great Wall, which has a history of more than 2000 years, is one of the world heritages.He gave many reasons for the failure, but none of them was convincing.The Great Wall with a history of more than 2000 yea
24、rs is one of the world heritages.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子, 使其更简洁使其更简洁 3. He attended the party though he was badly ill. 4. Nie Er, who is the composer of the National Anthem for the Peoples Republic of China, was born in Yunnan in February 1912. He attended the party in spite of his illness. Nie Er, the co
25、mposer of the National Anthem for the Peoples Republic of China, was born in Yunnan in February 1912. 练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子, 使其更简洁使其更简洁 5.He suggested that he be sent to tend the sick. 6.To my surprise, I was surprised to find no one there when I got there.7.A teacher who has experience should have an i
26、dea about what he should do in such a condition. He suggested being sent to tend the sick. I was surprised to find no one there when I arrived. An experienced teacher should know what to do in such a condition. 练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子, 使其更简洁使其更简洁 8. Do you know the girl who is dressed in red?Do you know t
27、he girl _.9. The professor walked into the classroom and he carried a bag of books with him.The professor walked into the classroom, _.10. The man who is standing by the window is our teacher.The man_is our teacher. （dressed） in redcarrying a bag of books with himstanding by the window练习练习:改写下列句子改写下
28、列句子, 使其更简洁使其更简洁 11. We didnt know her telephone number, so we couldnt get in touch with her._, we couldnt get in touch with her.12. Johnson looked like a man who was wanted in Los Angeles for robbery.Johnson looked like a man _.13. We finally reached home at 10 pm, and we were tired and hungry.We fi
29、nally reached home at 10 pm, _.Not knowing her telephone numberwanted in Los Angeles for robberytired and hungry 段落段落(设计好一个段落设计好一个段落) 一般说来一般说来, 一个段落由三部分组成一个段落由三部分组成: 主题句主题句,扩展句和结论句扩展句和结论句.主题句提出的论述的主题主题句提出的论述的主题, 扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明明,结论句总结全文结论句总结全文,在论证的基础上得出结在论证的基础上得出结论论. 这三者是段落的必要成
30、分这三者是段落的必要成分,他们相辅相成他们相辅相成,构成一个完整的段落构成一个完整的段落. 有些段落还有过渡句有些段落还有过渡句,它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡. 1.主题句主题句 1) 主题句的位置 : 请找出段落的主题句 Smoking is harmful to your health. Experiment show that smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious disease cancer, smoking can also cause other health problems. For exa
31、mple, it gives one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or the terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? Albert Einstein, one of the worlds greatest scientists, failed in his university entrance e
32、xam on his first attempt. William Faulkner, one of Americas famous writers, never finished college because he could not pass his English courses. Sir Winston Churchill, who is considered one of the masters of the English language, was very poor in English during middle school. These few examples sho
33、w that school does not always predict failure in life. Karaok, which was invented by a Japanese, one of the greatest wonders of modern technology. Needless to say, Karaok is a good way of rest. You can learn a new song easily. Its also a good way to make your friends happy. Nearly every body has a c
34、hance to be a singing star. However, everything has two sides, so does Karaok. Its noisy to your neighbors. Besides, if you sing badly, they will feel uncomfortable. In fact, you are sure to make a sound pollution 2)写好主题句写好主题句, 有两条原则有两条原则 1.主题句要明确主题句要明确, 句中须有一个词句中须有一个词,词组词组,或从句让或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题读者一目
35、了然本段的确切主题, 明确本段的重点明确本段的重点或观点或观点. 例如例如: This paragraph will talk about birds.这句作为主题句就太笼统这句作为主题句就太笼统, 不确切不确切. 试比较试比较以下几句以下几句, 下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落的主题的主题: a. Birds have a great sense of direction. b. Pet owners prefer certain species of birds. c. In my opinion, a bird makes a better pet tha
36、n a cat does. d. Birds are suffering from air-pollution. 2.主题句要概括, 它陈述你要说明的重点和观点,句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词,词组或从句. 他应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括. 同时, 主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展. 例如: The young girl studied Chinese History. 该主题句未能概括主题的要点,则不利于下面的扩展. 最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子,以便顺利地展开你的主题. 例如: a. The young girl eagerly studied Chinese Hi
37、story. b. The young girl studied Chinese History under a famous historian. c. The young girl found three reasons for studying Chinese History. 2. 下面各段没有主题句下面各段没有主题句,请根据全段内容拟定一个请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句主题句. 1) _. For example teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selli
38、ng spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is very difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that sills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid fo
39、r at shop. Everyone has something to sell. Everyone lives by selling something. 2) _. Before entering a house in Japan, it is a good manner to take off your shoes. In European countries even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink
40、. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In a Malaysian house, too, a guest leaves a little food. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. It seems that manners in different countries are never the same.Different countries and different races have diffe
41、rent manners. 3) _. Fire can heat water, cook, give out light and keep your house warm. Sometimes, however, big fires can burn down houses and forests. For example, the big fire caused by Yuanming Palace, a famous palace in Qing Dynasty, ruined completely. So we must be very careful with matches, bu
42、rning cigarettes, faulty electric appliances or unquenched(未扑灭的) fires Be careful with fire because it does not always do us good.扩展句扩展句 扩展句的作用是丰富扩展句的作用是丰富,支持支持,扩展主题扩展主题句的内涵句的内涵. 他们是段落的血和肉他们是段落的血和肉. 扩展句扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的的表达形式是多种多样的, 可以按时间或可以按时间或空间顺序空间顺序, 从整体到局部从局部到整体的从整体到局部从局部到整体的方法叙述方法叙述,描写描写, 说明或议论说明或
43、议论, 也可用比较也可用比较,对比对比, 比喻比喻, 推导推导,归纳归纳,演绎的手段来展现演绎的手段来展现. 单一性单一性: 一个段落只说明一个问题一个段落只说明一个问题, 讲述一件事讲述一件事, 扩扩展句必须紧紧地围绕着主题句展句必须紧紧地围绕着主题句, 不偏离中心思想不偏离中心思想. 通常对扩展句的要求有两个通常对扩展句的要求有两个 : 单一性和连贯性单一性和连贯性 找出一个违背单一性的句子找出一个违背单一性的句子. China has made great progress in reducing its population growth. China has already cut
44、its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. It is wrong of the western governments to find fault with its policies of elimination of poverty. China now urges each family to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero population growth, the number of birth equaling the num
45、ber of death, by the year 2000. 连贯性连贯性: 段落中各扩展句前后衔接段落中各扩展句前后衔接,条理清楚条理清楚,合乎合乎逻辑逻辑, 使读者很容易抓住段落的中心思想使读者很容易抓住段落的中心思想.在议论文中在议论文中, 我们常会谈到首先我们常会谈到首先, 其次其次, 然后然后, 该如何表达该如何表达?1)first, second, third, last 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3)the first, the second, the third, the last 4)to begin with, then,
46、 furthermore, finally5)to start with, next, in addition,/besides, last but not least 6)on the one hand, on the other hand 7)for one thing, for another thing练习练习:根据所给的主题句和提示根据所给的主题句和提示, 写好段落的扩展句写好段落的扩展句 (1) 主题句主题句: How excited we were when we learned that we were going to have a spring tour.afterdisc
47、ussionagreeclimbout of the cityweoften pass by mountainthe first timethink ofclimb itset outearlymorningaboutan hourbegintiredstill a long waygoshort breakgo onclimblunch timeget to the topmountainour beautiful citybelow ushappyvery tired结尾句结尾句: It proves that many things are just like climbing a mo
48、untain; they look attractive, but they are not easy to do. 参考答案参考答案:(1) After a heated discussion we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city. We had passed by the mountain when we were taking a bus out of the city, but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it. We started early in th
49、e morning. About an hour later, we began to feel tired, but there was still a long way to go. We took a short break and then went on climbing. Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain. At sight of our beautiful city below us， we felt happy though we were tired out. 练习练习:根据所给的主题句和提示
50、根据所给的主题句和提示, 写好段落的扩展句写好段落的扩展句 (2) 主题句主题句: He was kind and shy before a group of naughty girls, but he was very strict in his teaching and with our students.teach usa lot in knowledgeas well as in moralityI remembermy final examHave an idealook in dictionarysecretlyUnfortunatelydiscoversave my faceAf
