1、大家好1 大家好2Combine these two sentences using the past participle as the adverbial.1.Sue was frighted by the noise outside.Sue dare not sleep in her bedroom.2.He was hit by the lack of fresh air.He got a bad headache.Frighted by the noise outside,Sue Frighted by the noise outside,Sue dare not sleep in
2、her bedroom.dare not sleep in her bedroom.Hit by the lack of fresh air,he got a bad headache.大家好3Ask and answer “what would you do?” or “what do you think of?”use the v.pp as the adverbial to answer.1.What would you do if you are laughed at by your classmates when dancing?2. What would you do if you
3、 are exhausted?3.What would happen if you are given much money?4.What do you think of our school if it is seen from the hill?5.What do you think the trainer was followed when he walked into the room?大家好4v.pp used as the adverbial1.Laughed at by my classmates,I continued dancing.2.Exhausted,I fell fa
4、st asleep.3.Given much money,I will buy a house and a car.4.Seen from the hill,our school looks very beautiful.5.The trainer walked into the room,followed by ten dogs.表让步表让步表原因表原因表条件表条件表时间表时间表伴随表伴随过去分词短语作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等，过去分词短语作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等，大多相当于一个状语从句。大多相当于一个状语从句。与主句主语是被动关系，与主句主语是被动关系，表示完成或
5、被动的动作表示完成或被动的动作。大家好51)_ from the top of the tower,we find our city looks more beautiful.(see)2)._ from the top of the tower,our city looks more beautiful.3)._ a wonderful view of our city,we climbed to the top of the hill.v.Pp作状语需作状语需要注意的问题要注意的问题seeingseenTo see1.v.Pp1.v.Pp作状语时，和句子主语是被动关系。作状语时，和句子主语
6、是被动关系。V-ing V-ing 作状语，作状语，和句子主语是主动关系。和句子主语是主动关系。to do to do 作状语作状语 , ,一般表示目的或结果一般表示目的或结果大家好6-from the hill,people on the road look like ants.(see)-from the hill,and youll get a wonderful view of our school.seensee大家好7当被问及为什么会迟到时，他的脸涨的通红当被问及为什么会迟到时，他的脸涨的通红Asked why he was late,his face went red.Asked
7、 why he was late,he went red in the face.his facehe2.v.Pp 2.v.Pp 的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须一致的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须一致大家好8_from his accent,he must be from xiaoxian.(judge)I will agree to go_ (provide)that my expenses are paid.JudgingProviding/providedConsidering/supposing/ suppose/given /providing/provided/assuming /seein
8、g（that)/ talking of generally/roughly/strictlyspeaking有些分词已成为固定结构，当使用时应按固定结构对有些分词已成为固定结构，当使用时应按固定结构对待，不必考虑待，不必考虑它们与主语的关系。常见的有以下几种。它们与主语的关系。常见的有以下几种。大家好9 with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.A Faced B Face C Facing D To face4由由be+v.pp+介词构成的短语介词构成的短语作状语时可直接把作状语时可直接把be省去由后省去由后面的形
9、容词短语作状语面的形容词短语作状语be absorbed/dressed/lost in .be worried about大家好10Finished,we went home.The work/task finished,we went home.After the work was finished,we went home.一般情况下，当过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，一般情况下，当过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则需加上自己独立的主语。如果其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则需加上自己独立的主语。否则句子意思不完整或不符合逻辑关系。
10、这种有自己的逻辑主语的否则句子意思不完整或不符合逻辑关系。这种有自己的逻辑主语的过去分词（短语）称为独立主格结构过去分词（短语）称为独立主格结构TT大家好11 Our homework done, we went home. （时间） Too much time given, he would do it better.（条件）（条件） Time reduced, he finished the work on time. (让步） The murderer was brought in, his hands tied behind his back. （伴随）大家好12Spring comi
11、ng on,the trees turned green.Weather permitting,well have an outing next week.John being away,Tom had to do the work.大家好13 All flights_ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled2. _ for a long time, most o
12、f the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain3. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. takingDDB大家好144. _, they stopped for
13、 a rest. A. The work finished B. The work was finished C. They had finished the work D. As the work being finishedA5. All the tickets _ out, they went away5. All the tickets _ out, they went away disappointedly. disappointedly. A. being sold B. to have been sold A. being sold B. to have been sold C.
14、 having been sold D. having sold C. having been sold D. having soldc大家好156. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (00 北京春季北京春季) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given7. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. (00 上海上海) A. hoped B
15、. hoping C. to hope D. hope given 作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当于，意思相当于 considering。注意注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的的是后面的 to get 。BA大家好168. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99 上海上海) A. Get B. Getting C. To get D
16、. To be getting9. In order to make our city green, _. (02 上海春季上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesCD大家好17The key_，she went through her handbag carefully. A. hadnt been found B. having not been fo
17、und C. not having been found D. wasnt found试题分析：试题分析： 选项选项A A、D D均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项 前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用 连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。 选项选项B B是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否 定形式，定形式，notnot必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。not not having bee
18、n found having been found同其逻辑主语同其逻辑主语the keythe key构成独立主构成独立主 格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语 sheshe不能不能 充当分词的逻辑主语。充当分词的逻辑主语。C大家好18_ you should have no trouble with thedifficult work. A. Knowing this B. If you are knowing this C. From knowing this D. If you have knowing this试题分析：试题分析：分词作状语时一般
19、都可以转换为状分词作状语时一般都可以转换为状语从句。本试题的选项语从句。本试题的选项B B、D D作为条件状语从作为条件状语从句，时态不正确，应该排除。选项句，时态不正确，应该排除。选项 A A 的的knowing this knowing this 的逻辑主语同句子的主语一致，的逻辑主语同句子的主语一致，符合要求，为正确答案。符合要求，为正确答案。 A大家好19Written in a hurry, _ . How can it be satisfactory? (2001年广州市综合测试一年广州市综合测试一) A. they found many mistakes in the repor
20、t B. Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C. there are plenty of mistakes in the report D. the report is full of mistakes试题分析：试题分析：这是一道非常典型的试题。四个选项均为这是一道非常典型的试题。四个选项均为完整的句子，初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图。完整的句子，初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图。其实，本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识。抓其实，本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识。抓住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路哪个句子的主哪个
21、句子的主语能够同过去分词语能够同过去分词written的逻辑主语一致。沿着这个的逻辑主语一致。沿着这个思路向前走，不难想到思路向前走，不难想到the report was written in a hurry, , 试题的答案不言自明。试题的答案不言自明。D大家好20 5) _ for a long time, the instrument needs to be repaired. A. Having used B. Having been used C. Using D. Being used 6) _ different kinds of fertilizers, the workers
22、 further improved their technique. A. Having been produced B. Being produced C. Having produced D. ProducingBC大家好211.作定语作定语-the sun which is rising-ing分词和分词和-ed分词修饰名词有分词修饰名词有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1. the rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g. 3. The problem botherin
23、g us is the lack of money. 4. These are goods imported from Japan. 前置位前置位:后置位后置位v- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between -ed and ing participle?-ing分词表示分词表示“进行进行” -ed分词表示分词表示“完成完成”-ing分词表示分词表示“主动主动”-ed分词表示分词表示 “被动被动”主动主动进行进行被动被动完成完成在时态上在时态上:在语态上在语态上:- T
24、hese are goods (which were) imported from Japan. 大家好22Exercises : vThe _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. vI dont like _(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcannedv1. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。看上去很胆小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid. v2. 最近到处最近到处在议论的话题在
25、议论的话题都与都与2008年奥运会有关。年奥运会有关。v vThe topics _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussed大家好23Whats the difference?1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscus
26、sed进行进行完成完成将来将来2. The topics _(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.大家好24巩固练习一巩固练习一 用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy 2)A man_ (respect) others will be respe
27、cted 3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners. 4)The matter _(discuss) is very important大家好25 5.被汽车撞伤的小孩被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。马上被送到了医院。 The boy was sent to the hospital immediately. 6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人是位退休工人. The man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardeli
28、vering mails to my office大家好26分词作状语，分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的等。一般说来，这一结构的逻逻辑主语辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语状语从句从句等句型转换。等句型转换。4.作状语作状语大家好27 1.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. = Hearing the news ,we jumped with joy. 2.W
29、hen it is heated, the metal expands. Heated, the metal expands. 3.Because he didnt know how to do it, he went to his father for help. = Not knowing how to do it, he went to his father for help. 4.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry. = Deeply moved by the story, the children began to
30、 cry. “主动主动”“被动被动”表示表示时间时间表示表示原因原因=大家好28 5. _(look) out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach. = If you look out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach. 6._ (keep) in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. =If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables wi
31、ll remain fresh.表示表示条件条件Looking Kept 大家好29 7. The children rushed out, shouting and jumping. 8. She walked out of the house, _by her little daughter. (follow) 9. She walked out of the house, _ her little daughter. (follow) 10. (consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong. = Although it
32、 is considered as a building material, wood is not very strong. e、表示、表示让步让步表示表示方式和方式和伴随情况伴随情况followedfollowingConsidered 大家好30 11.The car was held up by the snowstorm, thus _ (cause) the delay. 12.The glass fell to the ground, _ (break) to pieces. 表示结果表示结果分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g. h
33、eated, ice can be changed into water When tired ,I went on with the work. walking in the street, I saw a road accidentWhileThoughcausingbroken大家好31分词的时态分词的时态: -ing/ -ed +主句主句（不强调动作先后）（不强调动作先后）; Having done Having been done e.g. 1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. 2. Havin
34、g been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. More exercises+ 主句主句（强调时间先后）（强调时间先后）大家好32 1)The president promised to keep all the board members_ (inform) of how the negotiations were going on 2)_(be) there more than once, the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library. 3)
35、_(invite)to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bag 4)_ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.informedHaving beenHaving been invitedNot knowing大家好33 分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语: 分词的分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语一般为一般为_,但当分词但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致不一致时，分时，分词前必须有自己的主语，词前必须有自己的主语，e.g. If weather
36、 permits, we will have a field trip. Weather permitting, well have a field trip tomorrow 这被称为这被称为_。 时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔. Time permitting, we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.主句的主语主句的主语分词的独立结构分词的独立结构大家好34 *但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。 如：Judging from the expression on his face, he ha
37、d failed the driving test again Generally speaking ,girls are more careful than boys . 类似的还有: Speaking of Talking of 大家好35高考题 1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2.The disc, digitally _ in the
38、 studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004) A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 3. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be takenBBA大家好364._ a reply, he dec
39、ided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not receivedC5.Before _, the machine must be checked. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using A6._ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _
40、 them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; givingD大家好37盲听盲听跟读跟读朗读朗读听写听写英英词典英英词典分门别类分门别类阅读辅助阅读辅助沙场练兵沙场练兵听听力力训训练练建建议议1定时限量：定时限量：在早上或晚自习之前，在早上或晚自习之前，每周训练三次；高三最后一个月可安排每周训练三次；高三最后一个月可安排在午休后，每天训练约在午休后，每天训练约2025分钟。分钟。2针对学生中存在的听读难点：针对学生中存在的听读难点：语调、语调、弱读、连读、失去爆破等适时强化训练。弱读、连读、失去
41、爆破等适时强化训练。分解听力录音、试题及材料分解听力录音、试题及材料；3指导学生听答技巧：指导学生听答技巧：有针对性的根有针对性的根据问题听关键信息词，集中注意力，凝据问题听关键信息词，集中注意力，凝神静气分析推断答案；神静气分析推断答案；4突破难点：突破难点：适当评讲学生中难听、适当评讲学生中难听、难理解的长难句，重复听、及时讲。难理解的长难句，重复听、及时讲。学学生互批，统计数据建立动态数据库。生互批，统计数据建立动态数据库。英语听力八大黄金法则英语听力八大黄金法则大家好38 2012-2015年新课标卷阅读理解阅读量表年新课标卷阅读理解阅读量表2015卷卷I:1121+417=15382
42、014:1145+366=15112013:1090+253=13432012:978+202=1180命题意图命题意图阅读速度阅读速度如何备考如何备考大家好39 2013-2015年新课标卷阅读理解考点分布表年新课标卷阅读理解考点分布表大家好40 【名师支招名师支招】1. 1. 主旨大意主旨大意/ /标题选择题（精、准、全）标题选择题（精、准、全） 主旨大意、标题选择题是阅读理解试题中的必考题，所占比例虽不主旨大意、标题选择题是阅读理解试题中的必考题，所占比例虽不太大，但难度比较大。主旨大意是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通太大，但难度比较大。主旨大意是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种
43、细节信息来阐明的中心话题。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章的过各种细节信息来阐明的中心话题。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章的理解和概括归纳能力。理解和概括归纳能力。 主旨大意题选项的特点：主旨大意题选项的特点：正确选项的特点：正确选项的特点：通常不含细节信息和绝对意义的词；能概括文章的全通常不含细节信息和绝对意义的词；能概括文章的全部内容。部内容。干扰选项的特点：干扰选项的特点：以偏赅全；断章取义；主题扩大。以偏赅全；断章取义；主题扩大。 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： （1 1）正三角形写作法）正三角形写作法(
44、() ) （2 2）倒三角形写作法）倒三角形写作法( () ) （3 3）圆形写作法）圆形写作法 ( () ) （4 4）菱形写作法）菱形写作法 ( () ) （5 5）正方形写作法）正方形写作法( () ) 大家好41 【名师支招名师支招】3. 3. 词义猜测题（单词、短语、句子理解）词义猜测题（单词、短语、句子理解）1.1.定义法定义法一般通过定义来确定词义。一般通过定义来确定词义。 2.2.对比法对比法利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。3.3.反义法反义法利用文中的反义词或词组猜测词义。利用文中的反义词或词组猜测词义。4.
45、4.同义法同义法利用文中所给的同义词、近义词猜测词义。通常情况下，英语忌讳利用文中所给的同义词、近义词猜测词义。通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。实词重复。5.5.因果法因果法因果关系在上下文中，由从属连词等连接。据此，可从原因推测结因果关系在上下文中，由从属连词等连接。据此，可从原因推测结果，也可从结果推测原因。果，也可从结果推测原因。 6. 6. 例举法例举法利用文中的举例猜测词义。利用文中的举例猜测词义。7. 7. 构词法构词法利用词缀（包括前缀和后缀）和词根猜测词义。利用词缀（包括前缀和后缀）和词根猜测词义。8. 8. 上下文法上下文法利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。利用语境及前后的提示来
46、猜测词义。9. 9. 普通常识法普通常识法根据常识和生活经验来猜词义。根据常识和生活经验来猜词义。 大家好42 【名师支招名师支招】4. 4. 推理判断题推理判断题设题形式：设题形式：推断题主要表现为以下几种形式：细节推断；观点态度；篇章结构；文章出处；推断题主要表现为以下几种形式：细节推断；观点态度；篇章结构；文章出处；写作意图；预测下文等。可分为三大类，即：写作意图；预测下文等。可分为三大类，即：推理性问题；假设性问题；推理性问题；假设性问题；评价性问题。评价性问题。 解题方法：解题方法：要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为
47、依据。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。和基础。要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，特殊到一般，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。要注意
48、确定推理依据的位置或范围。要把握文章中人物的观点、态度，把握相关的词语情感，由此推断出相关观点要把握文章中人物的观点、态度，把握相关的词语情感，由此推断出相关观点态度。态度。 大家好43试题特点：试题特点：文章一般采用议论文或说明文（在所有高中阶段要求掌握的英文章一般采用议论文或说明文（在所有高中阶段要求掌握的英语文体中，议论文、说明文和夹叙夹议的记叙文是文章结构特点最为突出语文体中，议论文、说明文和夹叙夹议的记叙文是文章结构特点最为突出的三类），的三类），自该题型在新课标卷中出现以来均采用说明文自该题型在新课标卷中出现以来均采用说明文。选项特点：选项特点：该题备选项可分为该题备选项可分为主旨
49、概括句主旨概括句（文章整体内容或段落大意）、（文章整体内容或段落大意）、过渡性句子过渡性句子（文章结构）和（文章结构）和注释性句子注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三个方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三个方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。句子与上文脱节等。训练导航：训练导航：1.1.内容的选择：体现考纲中明确提出的内容的选择：体现考纲中明确提出的“命题重视命题重视新材料
50、、新情境新材料、新情境的创设与的创设与运用，测试考生的综合语言运用能力运用，测试考生的综合语言运用能力”的指导思想。的指导思想。2.2.文章长度：文章长度：20152015年年I I卷阅读理解为卷阅读理解为235235词。文章的选择不能太短词。文章的选择不能太短( (少于少于200200词词) )或太或太长长( (多于多于300300词词) )。3.3.文体的选择：文章的选择以说明、议论、夹叙夹议等为主，单纯以时间或事件文体的选择：文章的选择以说明、议论、夹叙夹议等为主，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，出现的机率不大。为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，出现的机率不大。
