1、牛津高中英语模块5 Unit2 Grammar and usageGrammar and usageThis lesson is boring. There are sleeping students in class. （表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）Functions as an adjective: V-ing形式可以同形容词一样置于名词形式可以同形容词一样置于名词 之前修饰名词。之前修饰名词。 有时有时V-ing形式也可用副词修饰。形式也可用副词修饰。 V-ing 形式亦可以同定语从句一样置于形式亦可以同定语从句一样置于 名词之后修饰名词，可以转化成定语从名词之后修饰名词，可以转化成定
2、语从 句。句。 V-ing 形式可以用作表语或宾语的补形式可以用作表语或宾语的补 语。语。4. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.2. The man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang.1. a running man3. The man running fastest got the first place.Attribute:小小 结结: V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在形式作定语可表示动作正在进行（如例进行（如例1、2）或表示和所修饰）或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系（如例词之间有
3、逻辑主动关系（如例3）。）。 单个单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例置于名词之前（如例1）；）；V-ing词组修词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2、3），），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例此时相当于一个定语从句（如例4）。）。Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou. =The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.The
4、people sitting behind us are all teachers.The expert coming from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.=The expert who comes from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.Translate the following phrases.a reading rooma washing machinean exciting eveningan intere
5、sting crosstalk阅览室阅览室洗衣机洗衣机激动人心的夜晚激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声有趣的相声a sleeping cara smoking room listening practice an opening speecha booking officerunning water卧铺车卧铺车吸烟室吸烟室听力练习听力练习开幕词开幕词售票处售票处自来水自来水 I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.Object Com
6、plement: The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest. We have the fire burning all day.V-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例正在进行的动作（如例1、2、3），或强调一个过程），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例或一种状态。（如例4）小小 结结 ：V-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主动关系。主动关系。V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：形式作宾语补足语的常
7、见动词：make, let, have, keep, leave, see, watch, hear, notice, find, feel 等。等。1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year.2. The bottle _ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. PracticelivingcontainingFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper
8、 form.3. The man _ (sit) on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.4. The children _ (play) the violin over there will give a performance next week.5. Our trip was _ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.sittingplayingdisappointing6. I saw them _(force) the door open with a ham
9、mer. 7. We heard them _ (quarrel) about money after the concert; they looked very angry.8. I heard him _ (drop) lots of coins into the collecting tin. forcingquarrelingdropping9. You can see them _ (perform) every night this week at the New Theatre. 10. The news was _(shock). All the three boats had
10、 sunk in the storm.performingshockingFunction as an adverb:l 常用于常用于 stand, sit, lie 等动词之后表等动词之后表 示伴随的状态。示伴随的状态。 l V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原词组可以在句中充当时间、原 因、结果、条件等状语。因、结果、条件等状语。1. 作时间状语作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they c
11、ouldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。禁地哭了起来。Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2. 作原因状语作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Beca
12、use he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。因为太生气了，他不能入睡。 Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。没去。3. 作条件状语作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：作条件状语置于句首或句末
13、。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。能长得更好。4. 作让步状语作让步状语 -ing短语作
14、让步状语，可置于句首或短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：连用。如：Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。他还是挣不到足够的吃的。 5. 作伴随状语作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：置于句首
15、或句末。如：They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。他们又唱又笑地走进教室。When working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.注意：注意：1. -ing短语与短语与when, while, though, until, if等连
16、词连用时，相当于这些等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：连引导的一个从句。如：Though willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation.While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.=While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.If playing all
17、day, you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. =Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.2. 动词动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如： He traveled on the plane like t
18、his, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.小小 结结:l V-ing有其完成式有其完成式having done, 表示分表示分 词动作发生于主句动作之前。词动作发生于主句动作之前。l 表示时间状语时常同连词表示时间状语时常同连词when, whenever, while, once, until等连用。等连用。l 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句
19、的主 语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换 为为相应的状语从句相应的状语从句。l V-ing形式的否定形式的否定not要置于要置于V-ing之前。之前。1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the corre
20、ct sentence.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.5. a. Being fine, we will have the sp
21、orts meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加形式的否定式为在其前面加not。如：如： He sat there, not knowing what to say.1. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause2. One by one Peter sold his bits and pi
22、eces, _ only a mite of their worth. A. getting B. got C. to get D. getExercises3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead.A.
23、 lying B. lie C. lay D. laying5. There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed6. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing7. “Cant you read?”
24、Mary said_ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing8. He worked day and night, _ his task ahead of time. A. finished B. finishing C. finish D. to finish9. I was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. hea
25、rd10. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received11. What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. having not been allowed D. his being not allowed12. They
26、 apologized for _ to attend the meeting. A. their not being able B. their being not able C. them not able D. them being able not高考链接高考链接1. We all found his argument convincing and interesting. (P28)考点考点 V-ing形式作宾语补足语。形式作宾语补足语。考例考例 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. （NM
27、ET 2003）A.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked.点拨点拨 选选B。he 和和smoke是逻辑上的主是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用谓关系，所以用V-ing形式。该句中的形式。该句中的“he is found”是被动语态，还原成主动是被动语态，还原成主动语态应该是语态应该是“find him smoking”。2. We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.(P30)考点考点 V-ing形式作原因状语。相当
28、于一形式作原因状语。相当于一个由个由because 引导的原因状语从句。引导的原因状语从句。考例考例 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006全国卷全国卷III)A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought点拨点拨 选选A。we 与与think 之间是逻辑上的主之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句子相当于：谓关系。句子相当于：We often provide our children
29、 with toys, footballs or basketballs, because we think that all children like these things.3. He travelled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. (P30)考点考点 当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。考例考例 While watching television, _. （2005全国卷全国卷II）A the doorbe
30、ll rang B the doorbell ringsC we heard the doorbell ringD we heard the doorbell rings点拨点拨 选选C。由前面分词结构。由前面分词结构While watching television可以看出：可以看出：watching television是由人发出的动作，其主语应是由人发出的动作，其主语应当是和主句的逻辑主语一致的，所以主当是和主句的逻辑主语一致的，所以主句的主语应该是人。句的主语应该是人。4. He sat there, not knowing what to say. (P30)考点考点 非谓语动词的否
31、定形式是在非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词前面加上非谓语动词前面加上not。考例考例 _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （广东（广东2004）A.Not completingB. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed点拨点拨 选选C。该句主语是。该句主语是they，和，和complete 是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用V-ing形式表示主动。形式表示主动。complete the programme这个动作发生在这个动作发生在have to stay there . 动作之前，故用完成时态。动作之前，故用完成时态。
