1、考研英语写作高分策略考研英语写作高分策略引言引言lTom, ten years old, was failing maths. His parents tried everything to get him to do well in school, but in vain. Finally they enrolled him in a Catholic school. From the first day, Tom spent every night poring over his books. When his first report card arrived home, he had
2、received an A in mathematics.l“Son,” the father asked, “what made the difference? The nuns? The textbooks?”l“Id never taken maths seriously before,” Tom admitted, “but when I walked in and saw that guy nailed to the plus sign, I knew this place meant business.”From Readers Digest三大纪律，八项注意三大纪律，八项注意纪律
3、一：纪律一：“死去活来死去活来”一、爱考研英语作文一、爱考研英语作文lPygmalion EffectlRosenthal, R. & Jacobson, L. (1968, 1992)lI love English.lI love NETEM (National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates).二、写作提高三二、写作提高三“步步”曲曲l死背l 改写l 活用lPractice makes perfect.纪律二：表达纪律二：表达 内容内容l有钱能做很多事情。lHave money can do many things.lHaving
4、 money can do many things.lWe can do many things with money/if we are rich.lIt goes without saying that we can do many things with money.纪律三：英语纪律三：英语vs.汉语汉语l共性 程工，1999,语言共性论，上海外语教育出版社。l特性 正迁移：I love you. 负迁移：There are 50 students play computer games.王红（王红（2002）l在抽样的30篇作文里，所发现的学生的错误有284个和母语干扰有关，占全部39
5、8个错误的2/3以上。一、英语：形合；汉语：意合一、英语：形合；汉语：意合l英语：形合（“借助形态和形式词来表示词间、小句间和句子间的关系”，周志培，2003，p. 34)l汉语：意合（“不借助形态和形式词，靠词语与句子本身意义上的连贯与逻辑顺序而实现的连接”，周志培，2003，p. 34 ）形态词形态词l internationalizationl l internationalizel linternationalist, internationalisminternationalinternationality, internationallyl l internationalenati
6、onnation-hood, nation-state, nation-widel l nationally, nationalitynationalnationalize, nationalization, nationalisml l nationalistl l nationalisticl l nationalistically 形式词形式词l情有可原 罪不可赦l罪不可赦 情有可原二、英语：繁复；汉语：简单二、英语：繁复；汉语：简单lSocial science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study hu
7、mans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.l社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。 比较：比较：lThe picture has a snake. The picture has a cat. The cat and snake are crying. T
8、hey are going to be eaten by people.lAs is vividly depicted in the cartoon, both the cat and the snake are on the table, with tears in their eyes, waiting to be eaten by humans.三、英语：形聚神聚；汉语：形散神三、英语：形聚神聚；汉语：形散神聚聚l睡时，灯是不敢点的，她怕楼上的灯光招惹是非，也希冀眼前干净些，完全一片黑。（叶圣陶夜）lWhen she went to bed she dared not light the
9、 lamp for fear the light upstairs would attract attention and cause trouble, besides, she preferred to see nothing, to be in sheer darkness. （周志培，2003，p. 174）2003年作文年作文lDirections: Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you shouldldescribe the set of drawings, inte
10、rpret its meaning, andlpoint out its implications in our life.lYou should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）20分例文分例文lIt goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Lets take a closer lo
11、ok at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse cant withstand wind and rains. lNowadays the young generation in China, like the flower in the greenhouse, live under
12、 the full protection from their parents. Parents want to show all their love to their children. They give their children all the best things they can afford and do not let their children do anything at home. Self-centeredness and arbitrariness have become a trait of the young generation. Once leavin
13、g their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own. They get lost when stepping into the complex reality and cannot face any hardships and difficulties. lChildren education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by education experts, but also by people in all
14、walks of life. The failure of children education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to children themselves. Thus, its high time that parents, educators and the government made concerted efforts to put an end to this situation. 注意一：选词要精注意一：选词要精lI think?lI belie
15、ve/argue/hold/insist/maintainlAs far as I am concerned/When it comes to me/In my opinion/In my viewlIt goes without saying that/There is no denying the fact that王立非，张岩，王立非，张岩，2007，p. 110中国学生英语本族语者ThinkMakeMakeSeeGetUseMailTakeLearnFeelHyland, 2006, p. 61Phrases in a HK Learner CorpuslFrequency of ph
16、rases per 50,000 wordsL2 student textsL1 student textsPublished articlesIn this case0916It has also been085It can be seen that084An example of this is083This is not to say that072L2 student textsL1 student textsPublished articlesFirst of all17015On the other hand2393130As we/you know11823In my opini
17、on110120All in all5920精选词汇精选词汇lmad cow diseaselBSElbovino spongiform encephalopathy（牛海绵状脑病）注意二：句型多变注意二：句型多变一、定语从句（限定性和非限定性）一、定语从句（限定性和非限定性）lAs is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ describedin the cartoon/picture,lThere are many reasons why people make insincere commitments, but.lThe food s
18、upply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 二、主语从句二、主语从句lWhat you have done for us will be in our memory forever.lIt is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.lIt is known to all thatlIt i
19、s generally believed thatlIt goes without saying thatlIt is universally acknowledged that日积月累日积月累lIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.Pride and Prejudice三、宾语从句三、宾语从句 lThey believe that the central governments decision to
20、 develop the western part of the country and the success of Beijings bid to host the 2008 Olympics will open up further opportunities for the countrys development.lExperience from foreign countries suggests that no aircraft manufacturers can survive depending only on their domestic market. 四、表语从句四、表
21、语从句 lThis is where she lived when she was young. lQuality is what counts most. lThe problem is not who will go, but who will stay. 五、状语从句（时间，原因，地点，五、状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等）条件，让步，转折等） lWhatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.lAlthough we focus on the needs of
22、 exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. 六、分词短语做定语或状语六、分词短语做定语或状语 lThe great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in
23、 the country in our common endeavor. (From Hu Jintaos report delivered at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) )七、被动句七、被动句lSome measures should be taken to deal with the problem. lMany people believe that(It is believed that) lThe government and the public should pay enou
24、gh attention to(Enough attention should be paid tofrom both the government and the public.) 八、设问句八、设问句lDo you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him? lShould we just stand by and watch this situation worsen day by day?九、倒装句九、倒装句lOnly through these measures
25、can we hope to solve the problem. lOnly through intensive education and self-discipline from young people can the youth have a desired attitude toward idols.十、强调句十、强调句lIt is this perspective that we must take to form a balanced view on the world around us.lIt is the government that is responsible fo
26、r providing job opportunities for the young.如何对待如何对待“万能句型万能句型”Directions:lWrite an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write ne
27、atly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20points) lAs we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the door, the left man seems to be keeping a “huge door” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the right person hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge door keepe
28、r”. It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them. lThis photo does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewh
29、at reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. lFirstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take
30、the first step. Assume bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine. lTake us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us. Some people may give up, some persist. So, with confidence and
31、the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems. lOn the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it. 注意三：段落结构注意三：段落结构注意三：段落结构注意三：段落结构l启l承l转l合王之焕登鹳雀楼王之焕登鹳雀楼 l白日依山尽 首
32、句 启 春之生l黄河入海流 次句 承 夏之住l欲穷千里目 三句 转 秋之异l更上一层楼 四句 合 冬之灭红楼梦贾家的四个小姐红楼梦贾家的四个小姐（傅道彬傅道彬 ，1996）l元春：贾府的保护伞，是大观园的创基者；l迎春：有木丫头之称，凡事无可无不可，她是承；l探春：探与叹谐音，因此她的主要性格体现在贾府处于变异时期，一展身手；l惜春：则是息，是停止，只在最后才真正出场，她是富于总结性的人物。字数分配字数分配开头段开头段l主题句；l展开句（12句）；l小结句。中间段的展开方法中间段的展开方法1、列举法、列举法(Listing) lfirst, second, third.lastlfirstly
33、, secondly, thirdly.finallylto begin with, whats more, in the endlfirst of all, then, next, moreover, furthermore.lin the first place, in the second place, last but not least2、举例法、举例法(Exemplification) lfor example, for instance, such as, like la good case in point islThere are many examples to prove
34、.Here I will cite just a few.lThere is enough/convincing/sufficient evidence to prove.lTake.as an example. 3、比较对比法、比较对比法(Comparison and Contrast) ljust as, in comparison, like, similarly, likewise, correspondingly, similar tolin contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, unlike, whereas, but, how
35、ever, yet, whilelThere are some similarities/differences between.l.have something/little in common with.4、因果法、因果法(Cause and Effect) lbecause, because of, since, now that, owing to, due to lcause, result in, lead to, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, as a consequencelThe reasons why.can be
36、traced to.lThe causes for.are as follows.结尾段结尾段1、解决问题，展望未来、解决问题，展望未来l（2005年）As far as I am concerned, we should do something to prevent such an evil phenomenon from happening again. To begin with, all the society should condemn such a wrongdoing and these children should be punished by law. Whats mo
37、re, every citizen must realize it is our duty to support our parents when they are old. Only with the joint efforts can we hope to solve this problem. 2000年年lTherefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control
38、 commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are vital to our survival. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also, I believe that we human beings can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future. 2002年年lAs Chinese
39、citizens, we should respect our own national culture and learn useful things from the cultures of different nations, which will enable us to make great progress in many ways. I believe a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote cultural development both nationally an
40、d internationally. 2、总结归纳、总结归纳l（1998年）I dare say that our society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally. But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one could survive the intense competition in the market economy. They s
41、hould remember the old saying, Honesty is the best policy. 2001年年lSo to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place
42、 for us to live in. 注意四：文章脉络清晰注意四：文章脉络清晰lAs is vividly described in the two pictures, many young people are fans of stars and they try every means to show their adoration. The first photo shows a face of a guy who has the name “Beckham”a famous British footballer written on his face, while in the se
43、cond picture another guy spends 300 yuana big sum of money for many people doing a hairstyle of Beckham. lThe photos clearly reveal a serious and pervasive social problem nowadays. First of all, there is no denying that many youngsters want to be famous or rich overnight, therefore their focus is on
44、ly on the success of the superstars, ignoring the fact that the famous people have to overcome many hardships and difficulties before they attain their success. A case in point is Beckham or Liu Xiang. lWhats more, following the footsteps of superstars will waste the youngsters precious time. They a
45、re at a prime time to learn new knowledge and lay a solid foundation for their future career. Sheer adoration of stars will ruin their study and their future. lLast but not least, some stars are not the ideal idols for young people, for example, the famous footballer Maradona used to abuse drugs. Th
46、is, of course, has a negative effect on the development of the young people.lIn my point of view, effective measures must be taken to correct this situation. It is the responsibility of the authorities to educate the young people to achieve success in a correct way. Meanwhile, the younger generation
47、 should redirect their adoration for stars to hard work, thus making greater contributions to the society. 注意五：题材注意五：题材一、问题解决型一、问题解决型1、19972、19983、19994、20005、20036、20057、2006二、积极弘扬型二、积极弘扬型1、20012、20023、2004三、客观分析型三、客观分析型1、20062、2007注意六：体裁注意六：体裁l论说文注意七：卷面注意七：卷面l一、拼写正确l二、书写工整，清晰易读注意八：杜绝低级错误注意八：杜绝低级错误
48、lIs our children learning?lOur childrens do learn.lGeorge W. BushlI is a studentlWe must did somethingl“木桶理论”三大纪律三大纪律l一、练习“死去活来”；l二、表达优先；l三、英语的归英语。八项注意八项注意l一、词；l二、句；l三、段；l四、文；l五、题材；l六、体裁；l七、卷面；l八、少错。更多信心？！更多信心？！2001lAmong all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone
49、 has his/her understanding of it.lThere has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to l1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,l2) give a specific example, andl3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. lI
50、t is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about. This is true not only in China but also in other countries. We live in different countries, speak different languages, but love is something common to us all. But how to show love may be different with different people in d
