1、Unit 2 Sports cultureGrammar and usageStep 1 Lead-inTranslate:老师进来之前同学们已经打扫完了教室。老师进来之前同学们已经打扫完了教室。老师进来时同学们正在打扫教室。老师进来时同学们正在打扫教室。Before the teacher came in, students had cleaned the classroom.When the teacher came in, students were cleaning the classroom.Before the teacher came in, .When the teacher
2、came in, .Before the teacher came in, by .studentsstudentsthe classroomthe classroom had been cleanedhad cleanedWhen the teacher came in, by .the classroomstudentswere cleaningthe classroom was beingcleaningstudents：主变宾主变宾，宾变主宾变主，谓语变成谓语变成be + done过去完成时的被动形式：过去完成时的被动形式：had been done;过去进行时的被动形式：过去进行时的
3、被动形式：was/were being done.Step 2 Exploring the rulesNicole wrote a blog post about the city half-marathon she took part in. Find the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table below.Passive voice in the past continuous tensePassive voice
4、in the past perfect tense, I reflected on what had just been achieved. a city half-marathon was being organized to help. even though my limits were being tested like never before. a lot of money had been raised for charity.The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action
5、being done at a specific time in the past. The verb form is “_”.The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a past action. The verb form is “ _”.was/were being donehad been doneWorking out the rulesStep 3 Detail rules英语中的英语中的及物动词及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态一般都有主动语态
6、和被动语态两种形式。两种形式。被动语态由被动语态由“系动词系动词be+过去分词过去分词”构成。构成。系动词系动词be随着主语的随着主语的人称人称、数数和句子的和句子的时态，语时态，语态态的不同而变化。的不同而变化。1.The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there2.Snow White was being told by the teacher when I got there3.Snow White wasnt being told by the teacher when I got there.4.A：Was Snow White
7、being told by the teacher when I got there? B：Yes，it was./No，it wasnt.5. Why was Snow White being told by the teacher when I got there?过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态形式形式肯定句：主语肯定句：主语was/werebeing done其他。其他。否定句：主语否定句：主语was/werenotbeing done其他。其他。一般疑问句：一般疑问句：was/were主语主语being done其他？其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词特殊疑问句：疑问词was/were
8、主语主语being done其他？其他？形式形式用法用法He was being interviewed by our manager yesterday afternoon.It is said that his car was being repaired last Friday in the garage. He told me some rock music was being played next.1.表示过去正在进行的被动动作。表示过去正在进行的被动动作。2. 少数及物动词的进行时可表示按计划，安排将要承少数及物动词的进行时可表示按计划，安排将要承受某个动作。受某个动作。The
9、watch was being repaired twice.The house over there was being built for two months by then. 过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时的被动语态。的被动语态。The watch has/had been repaired twice.The house over there had been built for two months by then.1. The reading
10、room _ (clean) every day.2. The man _ (attack)with a knife.3. The tiger _ (feed) some nice meat at this time yesterday.4. My car _ (clean) by my son at ten yesterday morning.5. The topic that I am fond of _ (discuss) when I came in the classroom.6. After school we went to the reading room to do some
11、 reading, only to be told that it (decorate).7.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.Practiceis cleanedwas attackedwas being fedwas being cleanedwas being decoratedwas being discussedwas told过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态形式形式1.The students had clean
12、ded the room before the teacher came in2.The room had been cleanded by the students before the teacher came in. 3.The room hadnt been cleanded by the students before the teacher came in. 4. A：Had the room been cleanded by the students before the teacher came in. B：Yes，it had./No，it hadnt.5. How many
13、 times had the room been cleaned by the students before the teacher came in?肯定句：主语肯定句：主语had been done其他。其他。否定句：主语否定句：主语hadnotbeen done其他。其他。一般疑问句：一般疑问句：had主语主语been done其他？其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词特殊疑问句：疑问词had主语主语been done其他？其他？形式形式用法用法By the time we got there, all the tickets had been sold out.It was reported th
14、at the sale had been advertised for several weeks.1、 过去完成时用来表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前过去完成时用来表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，即已经完成的被动动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。常常与。常常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。2、 过去完成时用来表示由过去的某一时刻开始的被过去完成时用来表示由过去的某一时刻开始的被动动作或状态，延续到过去另一时间，并有可能持续动动作或状态，延续到过去另一时间，并有可能持续下去。常常与下去。常常与for, since 引导的时间状语
15、（从句）连用。引导的时间状语（从句）连用。He told us that the project had been completed.It was the first time that he had been awarded.Hardly/Scarcely had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning.No sooner had the front door been opened than we could smell something burning.3、过去完成时常用在、过去完成时常用在to
16、ld, said, knew, heard, thought等等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，表示在从句动动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，表示在从句动作之前已经发生的被动动作。作之前已经发生的被动动作。4、在、在hardly.when., no sooner.than., It was the first(second, etc) time (that).，从句等固定句型中，从句等固定句型中, 当主句当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态。主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been invited there, I would have
17、gone with you .He did what he had been told to do.As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.She found the key that had been lost by her.5、在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是、在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。6、根据句意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去、根据句意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时的被
18、动语态。完成时的被动语态。Practice1. A new agreement (sign) by the time we got there.2. The professor was delighted to find that the project _ (finish) by the students independently.3. She returned home and found all the furniture_ (ruin) by the flood.4. We _(build)five new buildings by the end of last year.5. T
19、his polluted river _ (clean).6. Yesterday I returned the book that _ (borrow) before. had been signedhad been finishedhad been ruinedhas been cleanedhad buildhad been borrowed被动语态解题方法被动语态解题方法1.判断主语和动词关系判断主语和动词关系：如果主语为动作承受者，谓：如果主语为动作承受者，谓语动词多为被动语态。语动词多为被动语态。2.判断动词特点判断动词特点：判断谓语动词是否：判断谓语动词是否用主动形式表示用主动形
20、式表示被动意义被动意义，不能用于被动语态的动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态的动词或动词短语使用使用主动语态主动语态3.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be done用主动形式表示被动意义用主动形式表示被动意义1.某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如smell, taste, sound, prove, lock, shut, open, read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook等，常用主动形式表达表达被动意义。等，常用主动形式表达表达被动意义。The door wont shut.Th
21、e poem reads smoothly.2. 在在need, require, worth后用动词后用动词-ing形式的主动行使形式的主动行使表示被动意义。表示被动意义。The bath needed repairing=The bath needed to be repaired.3. to blame 用主动形式表示被动意义。用主动形式表示被动意义。I think it is you who are to blame for this accident.Step 4 Applying the rulesComplete the sentences with the correct fo
22、rms of the verbs in the brackets. 1. It was an amazing achievement for a player who _ (injure) so recently.2. The swimming pool _ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began.had been injuredhad been cleanedB13.He felt that his talents _ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a
23、change.4.Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he _ (treat) by the team doctor.5. Photos of the riders _ (take) before they got on their horses.were being wastedwas being treatedhad been takenJessica gave an account of her experience as a volunteer at the city half-marathon. Complete the
24、 passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below. make train blow place carry cheer By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables， _ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups _ to different tables, so Ca
25、thy and I immediately went to help. Then we took our place at the table and quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction.had been placedwere being carriedB2F
26、or the previous couple of weeks, I _ on how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon. I decided to volunteer for this years half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didnt feel that
27、 I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could. After all the preparations _, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ra
28、n along, they _ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into cups for them. After the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter _ around by the wind as I bent over to picked up a plastic bag. Cathy and I started clearing up.We were tired and wet with s
29、weat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others.had been trainedhad been madewere being cheeredwas being blownThink about a sporting event you took part in or watched. Describe the experience using the passive voice continuous and past perfect tenses.B31. 接力赛中接力棒由一名运动员传给另一名
30、运动员。接力赛中接力棒由一名运动员传给另一名运动员。(stick)2. 操场上正在举行开幕式。操场上正在举行开幕式。3. 运动员在运动会之前已经接受了训练。运动员在运动会之前已经接受了训练。4. 这个运动员正在被其他运动员追赶。这个运动员正在被其他运动员追赶。(chase)Translation1.Sticks were being passed from one runner to another in the relay race.2.The opening ceremony was being held in the playground.3.Athletes had been trained before the sports meeting.4.The athlete was being chased by other athletes.Possible Answer
