1、UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Section Lesson 3 INTERNET AND FRIENDSHIPSPre-readingWhilelisteningDo you think the Internet helps or harms friendships? Why?While-readingFirst readingRead the two blog posts and find out the topic sentence of each argument.Blog Post One：Argument 1： Argument 2： Argument
2、3： Talking online is no replacement for facetoface contact.The Internet can make people selfcentered.Online relationships may not be what they appear to be.First readingRead the two blog posts and find out the topic sentence of each argument.Blog Post Two：Argument 1： Argument 2： Argument 3： The Inte
3、rnet makes communication much more convenient.The Internet has also made communication more fun.Online communication can actually bring people closer to each other.Second readingRead the two blog posts carefully and choose the best answer.(1)What enable us to develop lifelong friendships?ACommunicat
4、ing through a screen.BSocial skills developed through direct contact.CTalking online.DAdvice from some parenting experts.(2)Friendships are built on Athe basis of trustBonline communicationConline popularity Dthe number of likesBASecond readingRead the two blog posts carefully and choose the best an
5、swer.(3)The Internet can develop friendship through the following Except Amaking communication more funBbringing people closer to each otherCmaking communication much more convenientDspending too much time on the Internet(4)Which one is a traditional way of communicating?AA smartphone.BA computer.CA
6、 phone call.DA tablet.DCThird readingRead the two blog posts carefully and fill in the form below. HarmsHelpsRelationship Between Internet and FriendshipCommunicating through a screen makes it for children to concentrate or show to others.You can stay in with friends you are or what you are doing.In
7、stead of having proper conversations with their friends，some people are only concerned with their online You can share photos, videos, news stories and websites your friends online.Going online can be particularly for people who are easily influenced or too trusting.Whenever someone needs help，frien
8、ds can provide useful suggestions or information.Friends should focus more on communication, and less on online communication.The Internet brings people10. and makes communication more convenient.1. more difficult 2. kindness 3. popularity 4. dangerous 5. facetoface6. Touch 7. wherever 8. with 9. im
9、mediately 10. closerPost-readingDiscussing：1Look at the sentence from Para.2 in the first blog post，“It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.” What does “these” refer to? Do you agree with the statement? Why?2In the second blog post, what does Eileen KennedyMoore mean when
10、she says that online friends “fill holes reallife friends cant”？ Give your reasons. Words 1Do you think the Internet helps or harms friendships？你认为互联网有助于友谊还是有害于友谊？harm vt.& n伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的harm及其派生词的用法和意义:Your smoking can do harm to/be harmful to the health of your children.你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。There is
11、 no harm in apologising to him first.先向他道歉没有什么坏处。It is harmful to your health to drink too much.过量喝酒对你的身体有害。do harm .损害There is no harm in sth. 做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)be harmful 对有害todoingto2Firstly，talking online is no replacement for facetoface contactimages really cannot replace a reallife smile or hug.首
12、先，网上交谈不能取代面对面接触，图像真的无法取代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。replace vt.取代；接替；把放回原处 replace的用法和意义:It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class.人们普遍认为课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of him/take his place.约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。1.replace sth. sth.
13、用替换2.take the place sb.take ones place 代替；替代with/byof3According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.据育儿专家丹尼斯丹尼尔斯说，通过屏幕交流使孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力concentration n集中；专心concen
14、trate的用法和意义:Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate on our studies.放学后玩电脑游戏能使我们放松，但是作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。He concentrated his mind on studying the history of Loulan.他专注于研究楼兰的历史。concentrate (doing) sth.专心(做)某事concentrate ones mind/attention 集中注意力
15、于；致力于；专心于onon4In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.另外，在社交媒体上发布的很多内容都是肤浅的和琐碎的。content n内容；目录；容量；满足 adj.满足的；满意的 vt.使满足content的用法和意义:Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.安迪对这个玩具很满意，这是他得到的最好的玩具。That rich man is tired of city life，so he is
16、 content to live in the country.那位富人厌倦了城市生活，所以他愿意生活在乡下。We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。feel/be content 对满足/满意be content sth. 满足于做某事content oneself 满足于withto dowithPhrases 1For example，instead of having proper conversations with their friends，some people are
17、 only concerned with their online popularityHow many “likes” did I get？例如，一些人不再和朋友进行有效地交谈，他们只关心自己网上的人气我得了多少个“赞”？be concerned with 关心as/so far as sb./sth. be concerned在某人看来，就某人/某事而言be concerned about/for 对担心/担忧/焦虑/关心/挂念concern oneself with/about sth. 关心某事，担心某事As far as Im concerned，its necessary to f
18、igure out the cost first.在我看来，先计算出成本是有必要的。We should be concerned about their healthboth physical and mental health.我们应该关心他们的健康身体健康和心理健康。2In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.另外，在社交媒体上发布的很多内容都是肤浅的和琐碎的。in addition除此之外in addition to除之外add up 把加起来add sth. to sth
19、. 把加到/进里add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add to 增加；增添add that. 补充说These stoves are of high quality. In addition, the price is low.这些炉子质量上乘。另外，价格低廉。Please add some sugar to the milk to make it more delicious.请在牛奶里加些糖使牛奶更美味。The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added to the helplessness
20、 of the crew.船的马达失灵了，而且恶劣的天气增加了全体船员的无助感。He added that he felt very sorry for not being able to come.他补充说，他为自己不能来表示歉意。3In my opinion，friends should focus more on facetoface communication，and less on online communication.在我看来，朋友们应该更多地关注面对面的交流，少关注在线交流。focus on关注focus ones attention/eyes/energy on集中注意力/
21、目光/精力于the focus of attention 关注的焦点in focus 焦点对准的；清晰的out of focus 焦点没对准的；不清晰的It took her a lot of time to focus on preparing her classes and correcting her students homework.集中精力备课和批改学生的作业花费了她很多时间。Youd better focus your attention on your studies.你最好把你的注意力放在功课上。She always wants to be the focus of atte
22、ntion.她总是想成为关注的焦点。The childrens faces are badly out of focus in the photograph.照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。Sentences 1According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.据育儿专家丹尼斯丹尼尔斯说，通过屏幕交流让孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。句中m
23、akes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show为make复合结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。用法总结: (1)makeit形容词/名词that从句Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。(2)makeit形容词/名词to do不定式The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。
24、用法总结:(3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。I find it no use arguing with Bill because he never changes his mind.我发现与比尔争辩没有用，因为他不会改变主意。2It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.正是这些技能才使我们能保持
25、终生的友谊。句中“It is.that”为强调句型。其基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”，本句中被强调部分为these skills。用法总结:(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他部分。But rules alone dont secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that (who) matter.但是制度本身不能保证一个有序的社会，遵守规则的人才是重要的。(2)一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子
26、其他部分？Was it three years ago that he went to America for further study?他是三年前去美国深造的吗？用法总结:(3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问词(被强调部分)is/wasitthat句子其他部分？When was it that you got promoted?你是什么时候升职的？(4)not.until.结构的强调句型：It is/was not until.that.It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.直到将
27、近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。【注意】(1)在强调句型中It本身没有实际意义，但不能被其他词代替；被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等；被强调部分指人时，可用that/who，其他情况一律用that。(2)判断是否是强调句型的方法：把It is/was和that去掉，看句子的结构及语意是否完整，若完整，则为强调句型；若不完整，则不是。Grammar 复合词一、复合词的书写形式1一般情况下在词与词之间要加连字符号，如：goodlooking 好看的， seasick晕船的，worldfamous闻名世界的，sevenyearold七岁的， threehour三小时的，等等。 2有些复合词已经完全
28、融为一体，不用加连字符号，如：textbook教科书， schoolmate校友， spokesman发言人， salesgirl女售货员， notebook笔记本， greenhouse温室， breakthrough突破， download下载，policewoman女警察，等等。 3还有一些情况直接用词组的形式，如：air conditioner空调机，clothes shop服装店，alarm clock闹钟，girl student女学生，等等。二、复合形容词的构成方法1名词形容词，如：oilrich含油量多的， dutyfree免税的，carefree无忧无虑的， homesick
29、想家的，等等。2形容词形容词，如：bittersweet又苦又甜的， lightgreen浅绿色的， darkbrown深棕色的， freezingcold寒冷的， burninghot炎热的，等等。 3名词现在分词，如：troublemaking制造麻烦的，lawbreaking犯法的， painstaking费力的， timeconsuming耗时的， peaceloving热爱和平的， laborsaving省力的，recordbreaking破纪录的，等等。二、复合形容词的构成方法4名词过去分词，如：manmade人造的， povertystricken贫困的， heartbroken
30、伤心的， snowcovered被雪覆盖的， taskbased任务型的， 等等。 5形容词现在分词，如： goodlooking好看的， easygoing随和的，nicesounding好听的，等等。 6形容词过去分词，这里的过去分词大多是名词加ed构成的假分词，如：newborn刚出生的， simpleminded头脑简单的， kindhearted心地善良的，blackeyed黑眼睛的， warmhearted热心肠的，等等。 二、复合形容词的构成方法7数词名词(形容词)，如：fourhour四小时的，100metre一百米的， fourday为期四天的， fiveyearold五岁的
31、，等等。 8副词现在分词，如：everlasting持续的， farreaching深远的，oncoming迎面而来的，outgoing外向的，等等。 9副词过去分词，如：wellknown著名的， newlybuilt新建的， overloaded超载的，outspoken直言不讳的，等等。10由其他词类或结构转化而来， 如：onceaweek每周一次的，allround全方位的， roundtheclock二十四小时的， fulltime全职的，secondhand二手的，followup后继的，underpaid报酬过低的，underweight重量过轻的，hearttoheart交心的
32、，outofwork失业的，等等。 三、复合名词的构成方法1加连字符，如：babysitter看孩子的人，letterbox信箱， firstaid急救，Xray X射线，fatherinlaw岳父，crosstalk相声，等等。2不加连字符，如：haircut理发，repairman修理工，outbreak爆发，outcome结果，outlook前景，rainbow彩虹，等等。3以词组形式出现，如：bank account银行账户，birth control节制生育，blood pressure血压，book case书柜，bus stop公共汽车站， credit card信用卡，gene
33、ration gap代沟，greenhouse effect温室效应，heart attack心脏病发作，pen friend笔友，pocket money零用钱，post office邮局，sign language手语，natural resources自然资源，mother tongue母语，等等。 四、复合动词 1副词动词，如：offload卸车，outgrow长得太大不适宜，overhear无意中听到，oversleep睡过头，overlook忽略，update更新，download下载，等等。 2其他形式：broadcast广播，withdraw撤退，skateboard用滑板滑行
34、，等等。五、复合副词和介词 1复合副词：afterwards后来， alongside与并肩，outside外面，indoors室内，nowadays如今，meanwhile同时， maybe可能，nevertheless仍然(还)，sideways向一侧地，等等。 2复合介词：within在之内，without没有，onto到上，into进入，upon在之上， behind在之后，等等。 六、构成复合词时要注意以下几点1由数词名词(形容词)构成形容词时，名词不用复数，如：a nineyearold boy 一个九岁的男孩，a fourday trip 一次四天的旅行，the 100metre
35、 dash 百米赛跑， an 800metrelong bridge一座八百米长的桥， 等等。 2由形容词名词ed构成的形容词，该名词必须是中心词的一部分，否则不加ed, 如： a whitehaired woman 一个白头发的妇女， a warmhearted girl一个热心肠的女孩，a nearsighted boy 一个眼睛近视的男孩，two middleaged men 两个中年男人，等等。 六、构成复合词时要注意以下几点3由形容词分词构成的合成形容词，要注意中心词与分词的主动或被动关系，例如：an ordinarylooking man 一个相貌平常的男人，an easygoin
36、g man 一个随和的人，freshbaked bread 刚烤的面包，readymade goods 现成的货物，等等。 4由副词分词构成的合成形容词，副词是修饰分词的状语，用现在分词还是过去分词是由它与中心词的主动或被动关系而定，如：hardworking people 勤劳的人们，bravelyfighting soldiers 勇敢战斗的战士，a wellknown singer 一个有名的歌唱家，the newlymarried couple那对新婚夫妇，等等。 在英语中把两个(或更多)独立的单词合在一起构成一个新词，其意义为原来单词意义的叠加，如blackboard“黑板” 就是由
37、black“黑色的”和board“板子”合在一起构成的新词。用这种方式构成的单词叫复合词(compound words)。 【注意】现在分词与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，例如：an ordinarylooking mana man who looks ordinary。而过去分词和所修饰的名词是被动关系，形容词相当于补语，例如：cleanwashed clothesclothes which are washed clean。【比较】these hardworking peoplethese people who are working hardthe justwasheddown housethe house which has just been washed down【比较】 peaceloving people people who love peacea manmade satellite a satellite which is made by manBye-bye!
