1、Unit 5 Humans and NatureLesson 3 Race to the Pole1. shock shock sb.to see/ hear/ learn/ discover that 看到/ 听说/ 获悉/ 发现使某人感到震惊come as a shock 非常震惊 in shock 处于极度震惊的状态be shocked by/ at 对感到震惊culture shock 文化冲击shocking adj. 令人震惊的shocked adj. 感到震惊的练习：I got a terrible _ the other day. shock 2. goal reach one
2、s goal 达到某人的目的the most important goal in ones life 某人一生中最重要的目标keep goal 守球门get/ kick a goal 踢进一个球score a goal in the first minute of the game 比赛开始头一分钟得一分练习：You can set a _ for the new semester.goal 3. ambition ones dreams and ambitions 某人的理想和抱负ones lack of ambition 某人胸无大志a lifelong/ long-held ambiti
3、on 终身追求a burning/ driving ambition 雄心壮志have an ambition to be a pilot 渴望当飞行员be full of ambition 充满野心3. ambition achieve ones ambition 实现抱负have no ambition to do sth. 完全不想做某事Ones ambition is to be/ do sth. 某人的理想是ambitious adj. 有抱负的，雄心勃勃的；有野心的练习：His burning _ was to study medicine. ambition 4. prove p
4、rove sth./ that. 证明prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明prove sth./ sb. (to be) + 名词/ adj. 证明(是)prove ones honesty/ guilty/ innocence 证明某人的诚实/ 有罪/ 无罪prove (to be) + 名词/ 形容词练习：I will _ to you that I am right. prove 5. distantdistance n. 距离 distantly adv. 遥远地be distant from 离遥远in the distance 在远处at a distance 隔开一段距
5、离，稍远一些keep ones distance 不与某人亲近练习：He is a _ relative of me. distant6. within within ones reach 在某人够得着的范围内within ones power 在某人的能力范围内within ones rights 在某人权限内within ones grasp 在某人掌控的范围内练习：Her working place is _ walking distance from her home.within 7. on the waylose ones way 迷路make ones way 前进，进展in t
6、he way 挡路by the way 顺便问一下all the way 一路上in a way 在某种程度上in no way 绝不练习：I listen to the radio _ home.on the way8. in preparation forpreparation n. 预备；准备；准备工作in preparation 在准备中make preparations for 为做准备练习： The school is _ the opening ceremony.in preparation for9. break downbreak off 中断break away from
7、逃脱break out 爆发break in/ into 强行进入break up 粉碎；结束；解散break through 突破练习：You will _ if you work too hard.break down10. have difficulty doing sth.have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难have a hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难There is difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难do sth. with
8、/ without difficulty 做某事有/ 无困难练习：I _ pronouncing new words.have difficultyLook at the photos of Antarctica. What difficulties do you think explorers may face there? What preparations do they need to make?ACTIVATE AND SHAREHere is an account of two teams journeys to the South Pole. Read the text and
9、find out when the two journeys began and what happened to the two teams.Read again. Complete the information about the two exploration teams. Then talk about the journeys based on your notes. Scotts teamAmundsens teamNationality of the two teamsBefore the journeyJourney to the destinationBritishNorw
10、egianThey organised food bases. They organised food bases.Two sledges broke down, and the horses had difficulties with the cold. Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress.Read ag
11、ain. Complete the information about the two exploration teams. Then talk about the journeys based on your notes. Scotts teamAmundsens teamArrival at the destinationThe return journeyScott arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912.Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 an
12、d put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey.Men were very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. They broughtrocks back for scientific evaluation. All members died.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 Janu
13、ary, 1912, ten days ahead of their planned schedule.Pair Work Summarise the change of feelings on Scotts teams return journey. Give reasons for the words or phrases you have chosen.hopeless and helpless (The men were tired and were running out of food. )determined and devoted (They found time to loo
14、k for rocks and carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them.)Pair Work Summarise the change of feelings on Scotts teams return journey. Give reasons for the words or phrases you have chosen.sad but courageous (Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died. The next to go was Captain Oates. We
15、all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit.)full of sadness, completely hopeless, sorry (A terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. Scotts letter tell you lots and lots about this journey stories for the boy what a price to pay.)Read the underlined sentences from Scotts diary
16、and letter. Work out the implied meaning of these sentences from the context. Write your inferences below.line 21 _line 26 _line 33 _line 42 _They lost the reason for the journey.The men were getting weaker.He is going to walk into the cold and die away from the team.The journey cost the men their l
17、ives.Think and share1. Would you say that Scott and his team were losers? Why or why not?Even though Scott and his team lost the race to the Pole, they showed true determination and strength of character which is seen in heroes. Scott and his team are inspirational and not losers. Scotts team had al
18、ways kept their goals in mind. They carried the rocks even in extremely difficult situations. The spirit and what they have done helped followers do further research.Think and share2. How do you understand Amundsens saying about Scotts death Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for b
19、ravery, for everything that makes a man?Captain Scott wrote a diary detailing his journey, each entry was truthful and honest. He was honest about the feelings of his team and his fears. Captain Scott and his team brought back rocks for research, they did not only think about themselves but also abo
20、ut the greater good of humankind and the effect of the research.Complete the Word Builder. Then use the correct form of the words in the Word Builder to complete the sentences below.situationhopeless(ness)cheerfulexplorationanxiouslysadness1. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring during the
21、 Antarctic winter of 1911.2. Amundsen got to the South Pole before Scott because he had done more _ before leaving for the Pole.3. Scott and his team got into a difficult _ because their sledges broke down.4. Scotts team tried to stay _ despite all the difficulties they faced.preparation situation c
22、heerful 5. Scott experienced a great sense of _ after realising that all of his efforts to reach the South Pole were for nothing.6. Scott wrote about their _ situation in his diary.7. The bad weather increases the danger of their _.sadness hopeless explorationRead the sentences from Scotts diary and
23、 letter again.1. Discuss what he was trying to say in each one.2. Highlight the parts that impress you most and explain why.Pair WorkDiscuss the following questions. Read the text again if necessary.1. Why do you think the writer of the text used the word race in the title?2. Why was the world shock
24、ed by Scotts death?Pair WorkSearch online for the main events in Chinas Antarctica exploration. Why do people try to explore the toughest part of the Earth?语法语法：后缀后缀后缀是一种重要的构词法，通过后缀常常可以后缀是一种重要的构词法，通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分：前缀、词根及后缀。单词中位于词三个部分：前缀、词根及后缀。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀，可
25、以改变单词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀，可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里，后缀，又称词尾，是一的意思。在语言学里，后缀，又称词尾，是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。种后置于其他词素后的词缀。语法语法：后缀后缀例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成一个例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成一个新词新词drive (驾驶) v. driver (司机) n.act (扮演) v. actor (演员) n.host (主持) v. hostess (女主人) n.friend (朋友) v. friendship (友谊) n.mouth (嘴) n. mouthful (满嘴的) adj.educate (教育)
26、v. education (教育) n.move (移动) v. movement (运动) n.语法语法：后缀后缀arrive (到达) v. arrival (到达) n.happy (高兴的) adj. happiness (幸福) n.home (家) n. homeless (无家可归的) adj.brother (兄弟) n. brotherly (兄弟般的) fort (安慰) v. comfortable (舒适的) adj.person (人) n. personal (个人的) adj.imagine (想象) v. imaginary (虚构的) adj.attract
27、(吸引) v. attractive (有魅力的) adj.strange (奇怪的) adj. strangely (奇怪地) adv.语法语法：后缀后缀1. 常见常见名词后缀名词后缀+-ment,+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion/, +-ance,+-ing,+-ure例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成名词例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成名词agree agreement (同意)attract attraction (有吸引力的事或人) conclude conclusion (结论) compete competition (竞争；比赛) discuss discussi
28、on (讨论) organize organization (组织) 语法语法：后缀后缀1. 常见常见名词后缀名词后缀+-ment,+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion/, +-ance,+-ing,+-ure例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成名词例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成名词appear appearance (外貌；出现) perform performance (演出)mean meaning (意义) say saying (谚语) press pressure (压力) fail failure (失败) 语法语法：后缀后缀2. 常见形容词后缀常见形容词后缀+-y,+
29、-ed,+-ful/-less,+-able,+-ous,+-al,+-ly,+-en,+-cal及及-ce变变-t例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成形容词例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成形容词anger angry (生气的) health healthy (健康的) balance balanced (平衡的) gift gifted (有天赋的) care careful/careless (小心的/ 粗心的) use useless/useful (无用的/ 有用的) 语法语法：后缀后缀2. 常见形容词后缀常见形容词后缀+-y,+-ed,+-ful/-less,+-able,+-ous,
30、+-al,+-ly,+-en,+-cal及及-ce变变-t例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成形容词例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成形容词harm harmful/ harmless (有害的/ 无害的) change changeable (易变的) knowledge knowledgeable (博学的) danger dangerous (危险的) humor humorous (幽默的) confidence confident (自信的) 语法语法：后缀后缀2. 常见形容词后缀常见形容词后缀+-y,+-ed,+-ful/-less,+-able,+-ous,+-al,+-ly,+-en
31、,+-cal及及-ce变变-t例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成形容词例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成形容词difference different (不同的) class classical (经典的) nature natural (自然的) friend friendly (友好的) love lovely (可爱的) wood wooden (木制的) 语法语法：后缀后缀2. 常见形容词后缀常见形容词后缀+-y,+-ed,+-ful/-less,+-able,+-ous,+-al,+-ly,+-en,+-cal及及-ce变变-t例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成形容词例如：下列词加一个合适
32、的后缀构成形容词gold golden (金色的) chemistry chemical (化学的) physics physical (身体的) importance important (重要的) 语法语法：后缀后缀3. 常见副词后缀常见副词后缀+-ly；辅音字母；辅音字母y变变ily例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成副词例如：下列词加一个合适的后缀构成副词correct correctly (正确地) quiet quietly (安静地) easy easily (容易地) healthy healthily (健康地) lucky luckily (幸运地) polite polite
33、ly (有礼貌地) fortunate fortunately (幸运地) safe safely (安全地) 1. Jack doesnt want to buy a pair of gym shoes but to take _ (fit) classes.2. The _ (relation) between the two speakers is classmates.3. The man seldom does exercise because he lacks _ (motive).4. All across the country, _ (recover) centers hav
34、e begun building Healing Gardens.5. The ad had a phone number for a town in _ (south) Michigan.fitness relationship motivations recovery southern6. But then we got an _ (office) letter and we were blown away.7. Most of us volunteers _ (breath) a sigh of relief when the season ends.8. It is difficult to figure out a _ (globe) population of polar bears.9. Whether sick or fine, she is always _ (cheer).10. The social environment is extremely influential when were making _ (decide).official breathe global cheerful decisions
