1、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词引导的限制性定语从句-Using Language in Unit 4 Book1LookLook at the followingat the followingsentences. What can yousentences. What can youfind out?find out?1.Dad showed me a photo that wehad taken then .2.I was surprised to see the same manI had met earlier.定语从句 （ Attributive ClausesAttribut
2、ive Clauses ）一、定语从句的基本概述一、定语从句的基本概述定语从句的定义：1. 1.在主 从 复 合 句 中，修饰主句中某一名 词 或代 词 的从句叫定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。1.Dad showed me a photo that we had takenthen .2. 2. 定语从句的分类： 限制 性定语 从句 ：从句在意义上不可缺少 , 如果去掉 , 主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义 , 从句和主句不用逗号分开。She wants to find the kid who she met yesterday.她想找到她昨天遇到的那个孩子
3、。 非限制性定语从句 ：用来补充说明先行词 , 如果去掉 , 主句的意思仍然完整 , 从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。William Sydney porter, whose pen name was O. Henry,was a world-famous American short story writer.威廉 悉尼 波特，笔名欧 亨利是世界著名的美国短篇小说家。3. 3. 关系词的分类：that, which , who , whom , whose , as 关系代词 :( 本单元讲前五个词的用法 ) 关系副词 :when, where , why4. 4. 关系词的作用：连接主句和从句
4、; 指代先行词 ; 在从句中充当句子成分。二、限制性定语从句中的关系代词的用法：二、限制性定语从句中的关系代词的用法：作主语作宾语作定语指人指物who/whom/that(who/whom/that( 可省）that/which(that/which( 可省）who/thatwhosewhosethat/whichthat指人和物thatwhose注： that 仅用于限制性定语从句中。practcepractce1.She was not in the train which/that arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。2.I know the man who/tha
5、t lives next door.我认识住在隔壁的那名男子。that/which/3.He showed me the artclewriten.he had他把他写的文章拿给我看。4.A doctor is a person that/who looks aferpeoples health.医生就是负责人们健康的人。that/who/whom/5.Rose is the personshould look afer.you罗斯是你应该照顾的人。6 .We must repair the desks and chairsare broken.whoselegs我们必须修理那些断了腿的桌子和
6、椅子。whose7.The boysnames were called stood up.叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。三、关系代词的选择三、关系代词的选择（一）宜用（一）宜用 thatthat ，不用，不用 whichwhich 的情况的情况1. 当先行词是 all, much, anything, something, everything,nothing, litle, none( 指物） ,few 等不定代词时。that/Eg. He told me everythingshe knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。2. 当先行词被 all , no, few, a ny, litle
7、, much , the last, theonly, the very 等修饰时。that/Eg. I ve read all the booksothers.were borrowed from我已经读了从别人那里借来的所有的书。3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时。that/Eg.This is the most excitng football gameI haveseen so far.这是我目前看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。4. 当先行词既有人又有物时。Eg. I can remember well the persons and some pi
8、cturesthat/I saw in the room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和些照片。5. 先行词是 who , whom, what, which 时 , 或以 who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免 /w/ 音的重复 ,限制性定语从句一般用 that 引导。thatEg: Whohad seen the sight could ever forget?见到这种景象 , 谁会忘记呢 ?Who is the personthatis standing at the gate.站在门口的那个人是谁 ?6. 当先行词在主句中作表语 , 而关系代词本身在定语从句中也作
9、表语时。此时句子一般带有类比含义 , 用 that.Eg: He is no longer the starhe was.他不再是过去的那位明星了。that（二）宜用（二）宜用 whichwhich 不用不用 thatthat 的情况的情况1. 当先行词为 that 时。whichWhat s that他要的是什么 ?2. 关系代词前有介词时。he asked for?whichThe house ina shoe shop.I used to live has become我过去居住的房子已经成为一家鞋店了。3. 引导非限制性定语从句时。whichEg: Football,is an int
10、erestng game, is verypopular all over the world.足球是一项有趣的运动 , 在全世界非常受欢迎。4. 一个句子中含有两个定语从句 , 且先行词为物时 , 其中一个关系代词是 that, 那么另一个关系代词宜用 which 。Eg: Let me show you the novel that I borrowed fromthe librarywas newly opened.which我给你看看这本我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。（三）宜用（三）宜用 whowho 不用不用 thatthat 的情的情况况1. 先行词是指人的不定代词时 , 如 on
11、e, anyone, no one,all , nobody , anybody , everybody , none( 指人）时。Eg: The student you should learn from is the one_works hard and studies well.你应该向那个学习努力而且学习好的学生学习。who2. 先行词为 those( 指人 ) 时。(2019 北京语法填空节选 ) The students benefitngwhomost from college are thoseare totally engaged( 参与 ) in academic life
12、, taking full advantage of thecolleges chances and resources( 资源 ).句意 : 从大学受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中 , 并充分利用大学的机会和资源的。3. 一个句子中含有两个定语丛句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that, 另一个一般用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leaderwhostudies very hard.昨晚你遇到的那个男孩是小组组长，（他）学习非常努力。四、定语从句中的主谓一致一般情况下 , 关系代词在从句中作主语时
13、, 定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致wereEg. The The booksbooks that(was/were)(was/were) sold out intwo weeks were all writen by Tom.两周内卖光的那些书都是汤姆写的。 Im fond of thethe piece of music piece of music which was .(was/were)(was/were) played by Jenny.我喜欢珍妮弹的那首曲子。“one of+“one of+ 可数名词复数 + + 定语从句” 结构中定语丛句的谓语动词用复数
14、形式 ; ;“ the only one of+“ the only one of+ 可数名词复数 + + 定语从句” 结构中 , , 定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is one of the the playersplayers who（ are/is)are/is)arepresented with the medal. 他是被授予奖章的运动员之一。 He is thethe only one only one of the players who (are/is)(are/is)ispresented with the medal.他是唯一被授予奖章的运动员。PractcePra
15、ctce (P78 in Exercise Book)1. Mr White invited many friends to his party. he respected very much.who/whom/that/2. I like those bookstopics are about history.whose3. He is the only one of the teachers whoFrench in our school.(know)(know)knows4. Maybe you have a habitfamily crazy.is driving yourthat/w
16、hich5. The exact yearAlice and herthat/which/family spent together in China was 2008.6. Have you taken down everythingMrcome from(come)(come)that/Li said?7.He prefers the appleshis parents farm.that/which8. Tom is one of the boys whocomehere on tme.SummarySummary定义宜用 that 不宜用定语从句基不分类关系代词的选择用 which 的情况况本概述关系词分类宜用 which 不用 that 的情况关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系词作用宜用 who 不用 that 的情况指人：作主、宾、定语关系代词在限制性定语从句中的基本用法定语从句中的主谓一致看先行词的人称和数指物：作主、宾、定语one of+可复the only oneof+ 可复指人和物：作主、宾、定语
