1、Unit5 What an adventure知识点总结（三）1. Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had possible through our metal cases, I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet, inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell. (P57)remain
2、动词，“停留；留在”，此处为不及物动词。如：They have asked the residents to remain in their homes.它还有引申义，意为“继续存在，让然存在; 剩余”，如：The wider problem remains. 更广泛的问题依然存在。Major questions remain to be answered about his work. 关于他的工作的主要问题仍有待于回答。（此处sth. remains to be done 表示某事有待于去（被）做）It remains to be seen (=It will only be known
3、later) whether you are right.你说的对不对还有待于证实。（该句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为whether you are right从句）I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains that she lied to us. 我为她感到难过，可事实是她对我们撒了谎。（该句中的that she lied to us其实是the fact的同位语，remain是不及物动词，但是英语中为了避免头重脚轻，主语太长，就把从句放到后头去了，这种情况要适应。）No food remains on the table.The plastic
4、 will remain in the ocean forever.除了上述用法之外，remain还可以用作系动词，这时后接形容词或相当于形容词的分词做表语，常见的有remain silent/cool/calm/standing/seated/unchanged/true等，如：Train fares are likely to remain unchanged. 火车票价很可能维持不变。In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.The government remained in control of the si
5、tuation.In other words, they allow themselves to make mistakes, so they remain energetic.As the years went on, the bicycles became bigger and more expensive but remained just as important for those family bicycle rides.其形容词形式为remaining, 表示“剩余的，剩下的”，如：The remaining food will go to pig farms and never
6、 go to waste.as if 表示“仿佛，好像”，通常用来进行比喻，或表达说话者一种强烈的情感表达（虚拟语气）。多与动词feel/smell/look/sound等动词连用，放在其后，如：I felt as if my heart had stopped. (虚拟)I ate as if there were no tomorrow. （虚拟）It looks as if it is going to rain. （事实）He behaved as if nothing had happened. （虚拟）He threatened to fire me, as if I cared!
7、She treated me as if I were her own child. (虚拟)as if 后还可以接不定式to do或doing，这时可以看做是从句的省略，接不定式时，往往表示目的，而接doing则强调动作的进行性。如：He stopped all of a sudden in front of me as if to tell me something.He turned around from time to time as if to see if he was being followed.He moved his lips as if saying something
8、.再回到句子中，可以看到inside which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，属于介词+关系代词类定语从句。另外，a nut in a shell,一个壳子里的坚果，坚果小，壳子大，摇晃。我突然想起，还有个习语，叫做 in a nutshell, 知道什么意思吗？好像与这儿没太大关系哦。2. The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished me by its power. （P57）该句中包含了一个which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替先行词the light在定
9、语从句中做主语。lit的原形为light, 动词，表示“点亮，照亮”。句子的谓语为astonish，表示“使（某人）吃惊”。light 有个短语，得补充一下，light up, 知道什么意思吗？除了表示“照亮，点亮”外，还可以表示人呈现出高兴的情绪,意为“容光焕发，（使）面有喜色”，相当于brighten up, 如：The red flowers, blooming like burning fire, light up her world.She was relieved to see his face light up when she told him the news.3. The
10、solar rays shone through the watery mass easily, and consumed all colour, and I clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. (P57)这个句子中的知识比较细碎。solar, 形容词，表示“太阳的，太阳能的”，如solar energy, solar power/heating等，不啰嗦了。shone的原形为shine, 表示“发光，照射，照耀”，shine的过去式和过去分词均为shone, 记一次就记清楚。con
11、sume 本意为“消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等）”，还可以表示“吃、喝”等意思，如：Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.【2018年高考卷】 这对环境和我们的钱包来说是个坏消息，因为这些过期的设备比功能相同的新设备消耗更多的能量。consume还可以表示“烧毁，毁灭”如：The hotel was quickly consumed by fir
12、e.consume的名词consumption, 消费； consumer 消费者4. Beyond that, the colors darkened into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually disappeared. Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earths atmosphere, but almost as clear. （P57）beyond在此处表示“在的另一侧、（较远的）另一边”，除了该用法之外，还有意思为：1）超越
13、，超出；2）除了；如：The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.The situation was beyond her control.I know I will be doing for the next three weeks but I havent thought beyond that.Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.We compete with others to help us go beyond ourselves.The exerc
14、ise is beyond my ability.The old soldier asked for nothing beyond peace.下一个, darken是动词，“变黑，（使）变暗，（使）变得模糊”，其构词法由dark + -en构成，类似的词汇有：broaden, widen, strengthen, lighten, brighten, deafen, loosen, blacken, sadden, 构词法中，后缀-en往往表示“使，使成为，变得”下一个，surround, 动词，表示“围绕，包围，环绕”，如：Tall trees surround the lake.The
15、lake is surrounded with/by tall trees.As a child, I was surrounded by love and kindness.Police surrounded the building.I like to surround myself with beautiful things.surround的形容词为surrounding, 表示“周围的，附近的”，其名词形式 surroundings,意为“环境，周围的事物”继续分析：句子中用到了比较结构，把洋底的水与地球的大气相比较，表示它比较沉，但是却同样清澈，but almost as clea
16、r其后其实省略了as the Earths atmosphere, 这种省略很好理解，因为前面的比较已经提及比较的对象，再次提到时可以省略，并不伤害对句意的理解，我们不妨称其为承前省略。如：Tom can have a big bowl of rice, but John can have twice as much.你理解了吗？5. Above me was the calm surface of the sea. (P57)这是一个倒装句，正常的语序为：The calm surface of the sea was above me. 当表示方位、地点的介词短语置于句首时，句子往往进行完全
17、倒装。如：Under the table sits a cat.In the front of our classroom is our English teacher Mr. Li.In the envelop is a note of $20.注意: 这种倒装，注意谓语动词的单复数取决于其后的名词，因为该名词才是真正的主语，只是因为倒装，才到了句子的后面。6. We were walking on fine, even sand, not wrinkled, as on a flat shore, which keeps the impression of the waves. (P57)
18、fine此处表示“精细的，细小的”；wrinkled为形容词，褶皱的，有皱纹的；flat，平的，平坦的；even，形容词，“平滑的，平坦的，均匀的，数量变化不大的”；which引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句的意思为，这平坦的沙滩保留着波浪冲刷的印记。impression此处表示“印记，痕迹，压痕”7. The dazzling carpet, really a reflector, drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity, which accounted for the vibration which passed thr
19、ough every atom of liquid. （P57）这句话中的the dazzling carpet 其实是指海洋底部的海床，是比喻的说法，翻译为“这耀眼的地毯”，原句表示，这种海床真的像是一个反射板（reflector）,以自己神奇的强度把阳光全赶走了，这也是致使穿透海水液体的每一部分摇曳的原因。account for的意思主要有两个，解释过多次，恕不赘述。reflector,反射板，反射镜，其动词为reflect, 表示“反射，折射”，引申为“反思，凝思”，短语有reflect on sth.要牢记。drive除了“开车”，还有“驱赶，逼迫”之意。如：drive the birds away, drive sb. crazy. 8. take turns doing something 轮流做某事9. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力。10. to make a long story short 长话短说11. a memorable experience 一个值得记住的经历12. an impressive experience 一个令人印象深刻的经历13. to cultivate a spirit of exploration 培养一种探索精神14. first aid kit 急救包第6页 第五模块知识点小结
