1、人教新课标必修人教新课标必修8 Unit 3 Grammar Learning aims: Revise the Past Participle as the Attribute, Predicative and Object Complement 动词动词-ed形式作形式作定语定语动词动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语动词动词-ed形式作宾语形式作宾语补足语补足语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际实际上相
2、当于一个单纯的形容词上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示除表示“完成完成”的动作之外的动作之外, 还表示还表示“被动被动”的意义。如：的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语英语口语)； cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条炸土豆条);一、动词一、动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。意义。如如: boiled water(开水开水); fallen leaves(落落叶叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳升起的太
3、阳)等。等。 My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语前置定语 单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式,一般放在被修饰一般放在被修饰的名词的前面的名词的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) (2)后置定语后置定语 少数单个动词的少数单个动词的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能作后置定语。作后置定语。 1. Ever
4、ything used should be marked 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. The books left are for my students 剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。定语从句。 Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动今晚有什么活动吗吗? (=That has been planned for tonight) 1
5、)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B.to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, in
6、776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read
7、a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之之意，意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：。如：When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感被深深地感动了。动了。 二、动词二、动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语 1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by
8、 the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都能用作宾
9、语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词是及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示被动意义或已完成意义, ,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, ,即宾即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。语是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子子。 动词
10、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的动词的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾宾语语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中在这一结构中, 动词动词-ed形式和它前面的宾形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。语补足语。 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 2. The girl
11、was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语主语补足语) (1)(1)动词动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语心理状态的动词的宾语补足语, ,这类动词包括这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。等。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。They consi
12、dered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补形式可作使役动词的宾语补 足语足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。He was trying to make himselfunderstood他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： 参遭遇某种意外情况。参遭遇
13、某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 动词动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命形式可作表示希望、要求、命 令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 like，want, wish, expect, order等等”这这一类一类 动词的后面作宾语补足语。动
14、词的后面作宾语补足语。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。下去。(4) 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这这一结构中一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。系。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, hishouse looks like a beautiful garden 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子
15、看他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。上就像一座漂亮的花园。 1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they
16、 would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 1. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it wa
17、s made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been markedExercises.单项选择单项选择： 2. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 3. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get
18、 parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 4. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 5. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taki
19、ng6. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 7. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 8. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving;
20、 unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 9. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks 10. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. rec
21、orded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 11. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 12. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 13.
22、_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 14. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. FoundingHomework1. Finish the exercises on grammar in this unit.2. Preview the reading materials in Using Language.
