1、外研社新教材选修外研社新教材选修Unit1 using languageUnit1 using language 定语从句 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。 关系副词：关系副词：when, where, why。 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）找关系词，
2、先看先行词指的是什么（人）找关系词，先看先行词指的是什么（人/物）。物）。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。(用关系用关系代词代词，还是关系，还是关系副词副词完全取决于从句中的谓语完全取决于从句中的谓语动动词词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。) This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked togethe
3、r with you. 判断改错 （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 6、在定语从句中，、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列当先行词指
4、物时，下列情况的关系词宜用情况的关系词宜用that而不用而不用which （1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词修饰 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longe
5、r the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ? 7、宜用、宜用which而不用而不用that的情况的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时 8、关系词、关系词who与与that指人时，也有不同情指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词况分别用不同的关系词 （1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 （2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、ev
6、eryone、one等词时，关系词用who。 （3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。中作定语。 Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ? There is a room, whose window faces the river. There is a room, the window of whic
7、h faces the river. 10、关系代词、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 注意：区别 such that 引导的结果状语从句。引导的结果状语从句。 They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same
8、 that 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now. 无先行词的定语从句用无先行词的定语从句用as和和which引导。引导。 区别：区别： 意义上：意义上：as 含有含有“这点正如这点正如一样一样”。 位置上：位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。从句可置句首，也可在另处。 He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is
9、known, the earth is round, not flat. 11、关系副词、关系副词when与与where、why when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / which why指原因 = for which 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 区别一：形式不同区别一：形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，而而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开开。 区别二：功能不同区别二：功能不同 限定性定语
10、从句用于对先行词的意义进行限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、修饰、限制和识别限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而而非限定性定语从句用于对先行非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
11、区别三：翻译不同区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：含义不同区别四：含义不同 比较下面的两个句子： I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她
12、是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 区别五：先行词不同区别五：先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句性定语从句。如： Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fa
13、st) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。 (先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 区别六：关系词不同
14、区别六：关系词不同 关系词关系词that和和why可用于限制性定语从句中，可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。 as与与which的用法区别的用法区别 1. 引导限制性定语从句时，在引导限制性定语从句时，在such, as, the same后只能用后只能用as，其他情况用，其他情况用 which： I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。 Its the same story as
15、 I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。 This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。 2. 引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换：互换： I live a long way from work, as / whichyou know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。 3. 在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时，两者在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时，两者不可换用：不可换用： 1）as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而而which引导
16、的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词，例如： As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。 The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as) 2）as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，
17、上和谐一致，which无此限制：无此限制： He went abroad, as which was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用as) 3） as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而概念，而which则无此限制：则无此限制： 4）当）当as 引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，引导非限制
18、性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他动词，而动词，而 which则无此限制：则无此限制： She has married again, as which seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自常。 She has married again, which delighted us. 她又结婚了，这使我们很高兴。(不用as) 典型例题1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they gre
19、w B. they grew once C. they once grew D. once grew 2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm, _ many people have gone home. A. that B. which C. whose time D. by which time 3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ A. he explained B. what he explain
20、ed C. how he explained D. why he explained 4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which 5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _ efforts he still suffers. A. which B. that C. whose D. whatCCDAD 6. Its said that hes loo
21、king for a new job, one _ he can get more money to support his family. A. when B. where C. that D. which 7. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 8. Well try _ the little time we have together wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D
22、. spending that 9. The old building, behind _ was a famous church, was _ we used to work. A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where 10. We will be shown around the city： schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when CC
23、CDB 11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, _ the country became united. A. when B. if C. since D. until 12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew 13. You could see the runners very we
24、ll from _ we stood. A. which B. where C. that D. when 14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 15. What have you got _ will help a cold？ A. what B. that C. it D. whoACBBB 16. He was very angry and I
25、can still remember the way _ he spoke to me. A. how B. that C. what D. which 17. Do you know the man from _ house the pictures were stolen？ A. which B. that C. what D. whose 18. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.
26、 A. why B. which C. as D. where 19. Is this all that you need？ If you married me, Id give you everything you _. A. want B. wanted C. had wanted D. are wanting 20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday _ taught me English three years ago. A. which B. when C. where D. who BDDAD 21. Hes got himself
27、 into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 22. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 23. Dorothy was always speaking highly
28、of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 24. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _ they faced many years ago. A. that B. which C. that which D. it 25. I saw some trees the leaves of _ were black with disease. A. that B. which C. it D. wha
29、tAABCB 26. The famous basketballer, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who 27. When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _ she had arranged with James. A. the which was what B. what was that C. which was what D. that wasDC Homework Grasp the grammar Finish the test paper.
