1、1各种从句的翻译 同位语从句 定语从句 状语从句 宾语从句 主语从句的译法： 表语从句的译法： 作业 (Assignment) 23I. Basic concept Im greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. The teacher came to the conclusion that the student had been lying . I have no idea how to explain it An idea came to him that he might write to
2、 her to ask more information about the matter .4II. Translation Skills1. 先翻译从句翻译从句,即从句前置即从句前置 This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territory sovereignty doesnt admit of infringement. 一个国家的领土不容侵犯，这是国际法中尽人皆知的准则。5 It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsib
3、le for the delay. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well as without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 6 2.拆分法 Canada has long subscribed to the view that no state should use its territory or allow it to be used in such a wa
4、y as to injure the environment of another state or of the international commons. 长期以来，加拿大一直认为，任何国家都不应该用自己的领土或允许别国利用其领土来破坏另一个国家或国际社会的环境。 7 When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London ,they were not taken seriously. He expressed the hope that he
5、 would come over to visit China again.8 3.增加“即”（或“以为”）或用冒号、破折号分开 But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。9 I will share with President Carter my conclusion that our two countries are destined to grow together for ou
6、r mutual benefit and for the benefit of all mankind. 我要把我的结论告诉卡特总统，即为了我们两国人民的利益，为了全人类的利益，我们双方一定会更加亲密。10 Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was still alive was ignored. 然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却被他们忽视了。11宾语从句的翻译 用用 that, what, how 等引起的宾语从句译等引起的宾语从句译成汉语时一般不需要改变它在原句中顺序；成汉语时一般不需要改变它在原句中顺序；用用 it 作假宾语的句子，汉译
7、时作假宾语的句子，汉译时 that 引导引导的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序；的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序； it 不译。不译。I told him that because of the last condition, Id have to turn it down. 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝that, what, how12I also told him how appealing I found the offer.我也告诉他，这提供的机会对我有多么大的吸引力。 2. Do you know what these business terms mean? 你明白这些商务词语是什么
8、意思吗？你明白这些商务词语是什么意思吗？ 13 有时可加“说”字He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。14用it作假宾语的句子，it可不译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十点以前交卷。15状语从句的翻译
9、状语转译技巧状语转译技巧 时间时间条件条件These three colors ,red ,green ,and violet ,when combined ,produced white . 红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起如果合在一起就变成白色。就变成白色。 16条件条件地点地点Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen. 如果光束通道上没有东西如果光束通道上没有东西，就什么也看不到。，就什么也看不到。 17 Because he was convinced of
10、the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 原因原因因果因果他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持已见。 18状语和状语从句的翻译 概述 时间 原因 条件 让步 目的19 译成相应的表示时间的状语 译成“刚就”的句式 译成并列分句一、时间状语从句的译法20一、时间状语从句的译法 译成相应的表示时间的状语 1. While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。 2.Pleasae turn off the lights when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯
11、。21 3.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art” 当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色 色的东西来。22 译成“刚就”的句式1.He had hardly rushed into the room when he shouted, “Fire! Fire！”他刚跑进屋里就大声喊：“着火了！着火了！” 2.He had scarcely handed me
12、the letter when he asked me to read it.他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。23译成并列分句1. He shouted as he ran.2. They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。24 译成表“因”的分句 译成因果偏正复句中的主句 译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句二、原因状语从句25二、原因状语从句译成表“因”的分句1. The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干旱，作物歉收。2. We
13、 have to put the meeting off since so many people were absent.26译成因果偏正复句中的主句1. Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。27 译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句 1.After all, it did not matter much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free. 反正关系不大，二十四小时以后他
14、们就要自由了。（语气） 2. He was not only surprised but, to start with, extremely suspicious, as he had every reason to be. 他不但惊讶而且首先是十分怀疑，他这样感觉是完全有理由的。28三、表示条件的状语从句 译成表“条件”的分句 译成表“假设”的分句 译成表补充说明情况的分句29译成表“条件”的分句1. It was better in case they were captured.要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。30 译成表“假设”的分句If one of them collapsed, a
15、s they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains.如果其中一个人垮了，这种事时常在他们中间发生，向导就要背着他过山。31 译成表补充说明情况的分句后置 You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚可以出车，如果你愿意的话。32四、表示让步的状语从句 译成表“让步”的分句 译成表“无条件”的分句33 译成表“让步”的分句Although he seems hearty and outgoing in public, Mr. Cooks is a withdrawn, intro
16、verted man.虽然库克先生在公共场合中是热情而开朗的，但他却是一个孤僻的、性格内向的人。34 While I grant his honesty, I suspect his memory. 虽然我对他的诚实没有疑义，但我对他的记忆力却感到怀疑。35 译成表“无条件”的分句No matter what misfortune befell him, he always squared his shoulders and said: “Never mind, Ill work harder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事儿，他总是把胸一挺，说“没关系，我再加把劲儿。”36五、表示目的的状语从句 译
17、成表“目的”的前置分句 译成表“目的”的后置分句37 译成表“目的”的前置分句 He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her. 为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。为了，省得，免得，以免，以便，生怕等等38 译成表“目的”的后置分句 The murderer ran away as fast as he could, so that he might not be caught red-handed. 凶手尽快地跑开，以免被人当场抓获。39 With
18、in 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD 30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due
19、time.40 If the technical documents are found lost, damaged or mutilated during air transportation, Party B shall supply Party A free of charge with a second set of the document, within the shortest possible time but not later than thirty days after it has received from Party A the written notice.41定
20、语从句的译法定语从句的译法42模式一模式一 单词定语单词定语+中心词中心词模式二模式二 中心词中心词+短语短语or从句从句汉语：汉语：模式一模式一 定语定语+中心词中心词43 A stone building Faded flowers Boiling water Boiled water A gone case The risen sun模式一模式一 单词定语单词定语+中心词中心词一座石头砌的大厦萎谢的花开着的水开水无可挽救的事升起了的太阳44以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词 This is the only reference book available here on the
21、subject.This is the earliest edition obtainable. 修饰some, any, no, every 等词构成的不定代词和名词things, matters 的adj. There is nothing unexpected about it.模式二模式二 中心词中心词+短语短语or从从句句45副词 They live in the room above. 具有表语力量的形容词 I am the happiest man alive.All the people present began to shout: “Welcome!”模式二模式二 中心词中
22、心词+短语短语or从从句句46由连词 “or”, “and”, “eitheror”, “both. and” 连接的定语 Every nation, big or small, has its strong and weak points.短语作定语He suggested a method at once economical and practical.模式二模式二 中心词中心词+短语短语or从句从句47 2.1 译成定语译成定语前置法前置法 2.2 译成并列分句译成并列分句后置法后置法 2.3 融合法融合法译成谓语译成谓语, 表语和主语合并译成主语表语和主语合并译成主语 2.4 译成原
23、因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句。2、翻译方法翻译方法482.1 译成定语译成定语前置法前置法译成带译成带“的的”的定语词置于的定语词置于被修饰词之前，复合句译成被修饰词之前，复合句译成汉语的简单句。汉语的简单句。The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.在他手下工作在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。492.2译成并列分句译成并列分句后置法后置法 当定语从句较长时当定语从句较长时, ,将其译成并列分句将其译成并列分句,放放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。先行词可保置于原来它所修饰词的后面。
24、先行词可保留并在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。留并在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。50 He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two ponds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两傍每个重达两傍。It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了512.3 融合法融合法译成谓语译成谓语, 表语和主语表语和主语合合 并译成主语并译成主语“W
25、e are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist.一位外国经济学家说道，“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去不讨饭就活不下去。”u系表结构系表结构uThere be 句型There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你有人要见你。522.4 译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条 件状语从句In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or head
26、s of the business what is happening in their shops or factoriesHe did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.（原因）他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁因为他父亲死时他才三岁。在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况目前正在发生的情况。（目的）53They are striving for the ideal which i
27、s close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命自己的生命。54 1) And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitiv
28、ely sound than someone who has not had an active mind. 习惯于习惯于多多动脑筋动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比进入老年以后，要比一个从来不积极动脑一个从来不积极动脑子的子的人人的认知能力更为健全的认知能力更为健全。552)The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. 每天，每天，你感觉精力最充沛的你感觉精力最充沛的时候时候正是你正是你的的体温循环周期体温
29、循环周期处在高峰的时刻。处在高峰的时刻。 563.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. 人们经常在商界和政界之间进行一番对照人们经常在商界和政界之间进行一番对照：商界商界自由竞争自由竞争而政界而政界垄断专权垄断专权。 574）In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of s
30、amples from the sea. 1872年始，汤姆森领导了一次年始，汤姆森领导了一次科学考察，科学考察，考察活动考察活动进行进行了四年，从海洋中采集了成千了四年，从海洋中采集了成千上万的标本。上万的标本。585）For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.学生学的学生学的每门课程每门课程都会给都会给一个成绩一个成绩并记
31、入并记入本人档案本人档案，将来，将来可以可以向雇主们出示。向雇主们出示。 59 6）Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. 衣服衣服尽管才穿了没几尽管才穿了没几次，也因次，也因款式过时款式过时 而不得不搁置一边。而不得不搁置一边。 601. 7）A resolution was passed on enforcing sanctions upon Iraq, which extends support to Kuwait in saf
32、eguarding its sovereignty.通过通过一项经济制裁伊拉克的一项经济制裁伊拉克的决议决议，旨在支持旨在支持科威特捍卫自己的主权科威特捍卫自己的主权 。618）A serious earthquake took place in Los Angeles last week which caused heavy losses of property. 上周洛杉矶发生了强烈的上周洛杉矶发生了强烈的地震地震，造成严造成严重的财产损失。重的财产损失。629）He made the sound of sympathy which comes so readily from those
33、who have an independent income. 他发出了他发出了同情之声同情之声，这种声音这种声音是那些有是那些有独立收入的人最容易脱口而出的独立收入的人最容易脱口而出的。 631. 10）Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.1. 如果如果有人有人认为理性认识可以不从感性认为理性认识可以不从感性认识得来认识得来，他他就是一个唯心主义者。就是一个唯心主义者。64 Business is a combination
34、 of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合，商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余。，创造利润和经济盈余。65International trade transactions refer to the exportation of goods or services from one country to anoth
35、er, which is the importing country. （译成同位语）（译成同位语）国际贸易是指将商品或服务从一个国家出口到另一国际贸易是指将商品或服务从一个国家出口到另一个国家，个国家，即进口的国家即进口的国家。66The Multilateral Agreement on Investment aims to achieve a situation where foreign investors are not discriminated against, but they are still subject to the same substantive laws and
36、 regulations that apply to domestic investors. （译文将关系副词译成（译文将关系副词译成“境界境界”，在破折号后直接导出具体内容。在破折号后直接导出具体内容。 ）多边投资协定的目标是要达到这样一种境界多边投资协定的目标是要达到这样一种境界外国外国投资者不受歧视，但他们仍投资者不受歧视，但他们仍和国内投资者一样和国内投资者一样接受同样接受同样的基本法规的管制。的基本法规的管制。67In addition to visible trade, which involves the importing and exporting of tangible g
37、oods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. (译成“的”字结构，置于它所修饰的名词前）除了这种进出口商品的进出口商品的有形贸易以外，还有一种国国与国之间进行交换服务的与国之间进行交换服务的无形贸易。681.This is an adjective which is used to modify the noun before it.2. There was something original in his thesis proposal ,which
38、 pleased the professors.他的论文方案富于创造性,所以使教授们很高兴.(表结果)教授很欣赏他的论文方案中的一些原创的东西。69 3.Professor Wang ,who has a good command of several foreign languages ,is qualified to be an interpreter on that occasion. 王教授懂好几种外语,他有资格在那种场合担任译员.(表原因) 能够担任那次翻译工作的并精通几门外语的人就是王教授。4. A serious earthquake took place in Los Ange
39、les last week which caused heavy losses of property. 上周洛杉矶发生了强烈的上周洛杉矶发生了强烈的地震地震，造成严重的财产损失。造成严重的财产损失。70It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.他不能改变为延期负责的事实。他要对这次延误负责是不符合事实的。1. They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。还没有收到他的赎金，他就被放了。71主
40、语从句的译法： 以以 what, whatever, whoever 等代词引导等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序处理；以的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序处理；以 it 作假主语引出的真主语从句，翻译时可视作假主语引出的真主语从句，翻译时可视情况提前，也可不提前。情况提前，也可不提前。 1 What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的他告诉我的 只是半真半假的东西而已。 2. Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻他此行所见所闻
41、都给他留下了深刻的印象。 72 3. Whoever had business contact with the company must have known the fact that they keep no promise. 凡是与该公司有过业务往来的人一定凡是与该公司有过业务往来的人一定 都知道他们不履行诺言。 4. It doesnt make much difference whether he attends the commercial activity or not. 他参加不参加本次商务活动他参加不参加本次商务活动 , 这没有多大关系。（真这没有多大关系。（真主语从句提前
42、，加强语气，主语从句提前，加强语气， 可以翻译出来）可以翻译出来） 73表语从句的译法：表语从句的译法： 跟宾语从句一样，表语从句可按原文顺序翻译。 1. What he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch. 他所再三强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应该后他所再三强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应该后退寸步。退寸步。 2. This is what the company expects.
43、这就是该公司所期盼的愿望。这就是该公司所期盼的愿望。 74作业 (Assignment) 1. It is strange that he has placed the order with that company. 2. I have made it clear to them that they must get the goods prepared before 10:00 am. Monday morning. 3.As imports are financed by exports, which help to gain foreign currency to import the
44、 badly needed raw materials, technology and equipment, the capacity of a nation to import obviously depends on its export performance.75 4. I have also said recently on another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness. 5. The grammar schools legally could only teach the classical subjects for which they had been founded.
