1、It is wise to follow the instructions of the localauthorities.to follow the instructions of the loacal authorities是真正的主语To follow the instructions of the loacal authorities is wise.When a flash flood warning is issued, Focus on Focus on 基本概念基本概念1. 概念概念It as an empty subject It 作形式主语作形式主语Look at the
2、sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.P41 1 通常it作为形式主语，在句中没有实际意义，只是满足语法需要，起到一个平衡句子结构，避免句子头重脚轻的作用。概念概念1. I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help. 2. It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, Alfonso, not to mentio
3、n all the others I have worked with.3. In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.例句：（高考安徽卷） is our hopeItthat we will play a greater role in the market place and, therefore,
4、 supply more jobs. 概念概念一、把下列的句子变成用it的形式主语句。 1. To say goodbye is difficult for me. It is difficult for me to say goodbye . 2. Playing too many computer games is a waste of time. It is a waste of time playing too many computer games.It is obvious that he is clever. 3.That he is clever is obvious. 课堂练
5、习课堂练习概念概念Focus on Focus on 类型类型2. 类型类型It as an empty subject It 作形式主语作形式主语形式句真正主语由什么结构承担？形式句真正主语由什么结构承担？ 类型类型 通常it代替不定时、动名词、从句充当主语，起到一个平衡句子结构，避免句子头重脚轻的作用。it代表不定式，代表不定式，又可以分为四种类型：又可以分为四种类型：It is difficult to translate the book.It is important to understand the rules. . It is helpful to study Chinese.
6、（1）it + be + 形容词形容词 + 不定式不定式一、一、it代表不定式代表不定式类型类型（2）it+be + 名词名词 + 不定式不定式It is my honour to help you.It was her duty to clean the room.It is a pleasure to have been working with you in the past week.类型类型（3）it + be + 介词短语介词短语 + 不定式不定式It was against my principle to do that. It was beyond my ability to
7、finish the job on time.类型类型（4）it + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语 + 不定式不定式It cost 150 yuan to buy the dress. It takes me 30 minutes to get to school every day.类型类型链接真题链接真题链接真题链接真题 (2019新课标新课标IIIIII卷卷）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _ (get) there
8、. (2018浙江卷浙江卷) Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out. to getit链接真题链接真题二、二、it代表动名词代表动名词（1）it代表动名词，代表动名词，以以“be+形容词形容词”作谓语。作谓语。It is pleasant sitting here.It is good hearing English spoken.It is terribly tiring worki
9、ng late like this.类型类型It is great fun sailing a boat.It is no use/a waste of time crying for spilt milk.（2）it代表动名词，代表动名词，以以“be+名词名词”作谓语。作谓语。类型类型链接真题链接真题三、三、it代表从句代表从句it代表从句，代表从句，具体可以分为四种类型：具体可以分为四种类型：It is clear that he told a lie.It is natural that she knows everything about it.It was surprising th
10、at she passed the difficult exam.（1）it + be + 形容词形容词 + 从句从句类型类型It is a pity that you cant come.It is a good start that you made a plan.（2）it + be + 名词名词 + 从句从句类型类型It is said that he is friendly.It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.（3）it + 动词的被动语态动词的被动语态 + 从句从句类
11、型类型It may be/seems that he views the issue from a different perspective.It may seem that youre wasting your life away.（4）it + be/其他系动词其他系动词 + 从句从句类型类型1. (2020江苏江苏卷卷）_ is not a problem whether we can win the battle; its just a matter of time.It链接真题链接真题1. David won first place in the maths contest. Wh
12、at a surprise! _ Its a surprise that David won first place in the maths contest. 用用“it作形式主语作形式主语”结构，改写下列句子。结构，改写下列句子。学以致用学以致用2. Her book is said to have been translated into more than 3 languages. _ 用用“it作形式主语作形式主语”结构，改写下列句子。结构，改写下列句子。It is said that her book has been translated into more than 3 lan
13、guages.学以致用学以致用3. Obviously, the old scientist doesnt care much about money or fame._ It is obvious that the old scientist doesnt care much about money or fame. 用用“it作形式主语作形式主语”结构，改写下列句子。结构，改写下列句子。学以致用学以致用 4. The baby seems to be getting more curious about everything around him. _ It seems that the
14、baby is getting more curious about everything around him. 用用“it作形式主语作形式主语”结构，改写下列句子。结构，改写下列句子。学以致用学以致用Focus on Focus on 句型句型3. 常见句型常见句型It as an empty subject It 作形式主语作形式主语3. 3. 常见句型常见句型it作为形式主语的常见句型：作为形式主语的常见句型：（1）It is clear / obvious / true / possible / certain / that（2）It is important / necessary
15、/ right / strange / natural / that (should) doIt is obvious that hes late.It is necessary that you do enough exercises before the race.（3）It is said / reported / learnt / thatIt is reported that a fourteen-year-old girl won the game.（4） It is suggested / ordered / required /that. (should) do.It is s
16、uggested that the meeting (should) be put off.（5）It is a pity / shame / thatIt is a pity that you didnt see such a good film.（6）It happens / seems / looks /appears /thatIt happens that I know him.（7）It doesnt matter whether / if It doesnt matter if you miss the bus, because theres another one 15 min
17、utes later.（8）It looks /seems as if It looks as if he is wrong.（9）It + be + adj. + of sb + to do It + be + adj. + for sb + to do It is kind of you to think so much of us. Its nice of you to help me. Its dangerous for us to swim in such deep pool. Its necessary for us to study hard.形容词为描述人品形容词为描述人品质及
18、性格特征的词。质及性格特征的词。常用的形容词有常用的形容词有clever/foolish/good/nice/polite/kind等。等。形容词为描述事物特征的词，常用的形容词有形容词为描述事物特征的词，常用的形容词有difficult / important / easy / hard/ necessary/ impossible/ dangerous等。等。1. Its foolish _ you to drive a car after drinking.2. Its necessary _us to master a foreign language.offor（11） It + b
19、e + a waste of time doingIt is a waste of time arguing with her. （12） It is/was no good/use doingIt is no good wasting time here. （13） It is/was worth/worthwhile doing It is worth trying to use new technology in education.（10）It takes (some time) to doIt took us three hours to get there.Rewrite the
20、underlined parts using it as an empty subject.P41 2it is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get roles in American film and television.it is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a leading actor in Hollywood. it is more common than before for women to write and
21、 direct Hollywood films.it is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as Asian characters.Check your answers: Describe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject. Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see .Beijing today i
22、s multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colours in the same class. It is possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects. It is easy for people to find products from all over the world. It is not difficult for foreigners to settle down and f
23、ind a job. It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company.P41 3Possible answers: 用法用法 类型类型it作为形式主语作为形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。it作形式主语作形式主语 It指代指代不定式不定式 It指代动名词指代动名词 It指代指代从句从句 常见句型常见句型（1）It is cl
24、ear / obvious / true / possible / certain / that（2）It is important / necessary/ right / strange / natural / that (should) do（3）It is said / reported / learnt / that（4）It is suggested / ordered / required /that. (should) do.（5）It is a pity / shame / that（6）It happens / seems / looks /appears /that（7）
25、It doesnt matter whether / if （8）It looks /seems as if （9）It takes (some time) to do（10) It is + 形容词形容词 +（of sb）+ to do（11）It + be + a waste of time doing（12）It is/was no good/use doing (13）It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 常见句型常见句型. . 用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。式填空。1. It is difficult fo
26、r them _ (complete) the project on time. 2. Ms. Chen adds that _ is important for teens to stop to have a rest regularly from their computers or smart phones and do some physical activities.3. It is his duty _ (protect) the parts of the Great Wall from being damaged. 4. It will be against my rule _(
27、say) something for you before our boss. 5. It is no good _ (make) friends with those who are crazy about playing video games.to completeit to protect to saymaking6. It is natural _ we will work harder if we know what we are working towards and why.7. _ is reported that this plant can prevent cancer.
28、 8. _ is a great honour for me to work with those famous specialists from all over the world. 9. _ happened that I was in his office when you called him. 10. Its expected _ NASAs goal will be realized by the year 2035.that It It It that It is known to us _ the mobile phone plays a very important par
29、t in our life and work. Is it possible for us _ (live) without it? Perhaps the answer is NO. _ is a habit for most people to turn on their smart phones and surf the Internet as soon as they wake up. And it seems that there is something important waiting for them to deal with. Whats more, some people
30、 spend all day playing games on the phone. We know it is difficult for them _ (beat) their addiction. So _ is our duty to call on the public to reduce the time they spend on the phone. .用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形式，完成短文。式，完成短文。that to liveIt to beatit1. Can you understand the usage of it as an empty subject? 2. Can you describe a big city using it as empty subject where appropriate? Finish the exercises in Learning English.H
